Lineax Al ge ore Macteix 2. Symmelwic mat viox D= AT Hs A mype ay 123 A= | 45 6 > 69 2. skew Symmetric miarfoir pe -At aip= -Afe - eleruent! + oliagona/ must be Zed. oa to 3 -2-3 0 A= Ss. Heswitian matelx Ae AT ai ez * cag onal elements msst real Se -3-4i a+el AS . . “stti OD oiti rai gti wate ix 4. Skew Westar Aa-At agp ~ Ae + oliagone/ olentents oe zen @® pure Coney (nr? Y ai a4 te a-|sar 0 Teiauge/ao mia proir 4238 100 t- los ‘| e-[|24 0 09 6 45 6 a pp Le atric tipper a | dower AIC wnetteix 6. Ostnogonal motor pale Alaa Tr x nle# Oe [ t0s0 ~ smo sin @ oso ees doo 11% place always be 1/one welpotent matorx pro i 2 ge. Tademporen? apie Pr ne az. 9. rnvoluntary acetate PASE Scala MAP TE 200 020 oo ® ater 0 aa. Diagonal 100 oOo 080 ook povpeaties aan Las” 2.(are= +e" z.ney'= BA Janey! ain’ 4. Crayt = kbat) joey! = tn) Note! mMareiees maceteipiication —% 7d js mp7 commectective alwaysDeterminant 1. Determinant a [2a ed ad -c. Dx alcofactor an) 4 v( cofalr ag) 4d + 6 (ate. = ad —be. = al-y"y A. Pine Deleting 277 and coli estut umn in wher element ay %e US Ay Wr %S 31 03 A= 2 Arr Os Og2 ea tet ay =C-) Mae minor g A 3. W-factos co-factor % x Het co-fatio Fae =C1) mg 4 adjornt Adj n= (copeetr 9 wats) o. Invewse q suave wnce-foix gle olf Im. SHOVTOUT oo a Lt 2 adyn= [3 a4 Ss 4 i I. -3 “24 2 [7 - [19] ‘] a Kl exits only whea A & ou ax mare CI#0). sing ul: x nlexds ler wis invertable. x Inj=o — Siugulos maa sie ye [Ay to emotes heguler wnclfoiac. pooper ties: |bos yaw & 20 000 120 quen det i Le0- 2. det qe Eaent7 mnectere 2. 5. Ime lal AT has same det- 4, Tutexcnange & po woos @ coluum poe 4 by 2 s+ Ula. 6. |eal= k™ LA. po wows are ret l. 21) gtewpreal pron der vray Vs 200d. s. |rel = iA\-12) a. iw) =(IM)™ to. cet @ uppe Ale wuateix @ lower Ale urate fs product F “pate.” rit AHlour ooe ao. )a a+ auaa\~ a 4 ate 3 aet ay = yx = 2% — ab- oe goa tt 4 44b ot ~ abe(areedid) a a0 ate a®* a 12. |: a 7 ga | -@erleoledx ae che Cab-ve- ca) =Rank of Mater lary toansformation * me rank 9 wa ata Element does not after Ry Re (zurerchange 4% Rie) Ry er, CX wy sealar) RS Ra, ( xd | HS and x ey scala) wrested. ju0d 00d. # Echelon jour vow echelon me + pelo me 2. column 2c L 4 yeduces to capper @lowes A wahix # SH) = OD y nore aocof column Prope ties : 1. Null madeize > SCAD =D. 2. sta) = sCat). s- |A=0, Me vank poder <7 CAT =2 slayer. 4+. |A\-0, me vavk F Order am. CATayn t 0 SA) = err 5. 3(A) < min { mnt [Save 6. ¢(av)< min { e(n).s ley} a. $ Ca+e) < coin eta)+ slob % Nulity q A= Bo q columns gy n- sin) nullity ¢H= L- sth), 2 Eigen valurs ond Efgen Vectors A-At -b chavaclersistic mateo \NrAe| + chosacteststie polynomial at |a—at|-0 + chasacterts tic. CU en. lus vols eigen values. i eae -2 [fs] e. value s e. vector. shootuets F at O44 tO nee 2. ey SF T9ACe Cum y pte) en a a. 2 opt +@r ~ 9 =? Gg sun % pre Creace) cg > Su F windy & pde cg det 3 tr — x Sum F eigen value= Sum F pae. ge JAY = produel eigen vole a of laleo me atleast 072 i LEW. eigen va tue 3Linead Sysevs F baw a Homogeneous LS 9 Ea " Gnies S(a)= 70 Fear Unique sole znginite soln Trival sole non -Terive| sole er Solr pon - x00 S0/n— > ee yreone © uneino™ prpesties: 4 = +e Al =0, sla)< nog eau + L.D. 2b [p[40. SCA) = m9 4 ean OE Kix by Xt Kgygt-- = D- kK Kas Fa.enn 3 LE Ky ko. ky eno > bed Shoteets + _. by BI 4 unique solr aa ba a 2b 4 _ wo bier Cre ae —t + tas no A soln ae o a ae 7 oe = 2 Be Tt rupinise a soln Note: When He 2D_ eqn is (45s Shan Unkwons the Honrogyen€ous system always have on infmite np % sole ~ x+y tea 0 RY t=O cini=o% Slane 0 F Vorisbles. ™ Uomogencous 16 % Ean AaB Now- Osta B)-s(n)= 70 F Vari ole / un boas: unique sola @s (aa) = Slayer % vantable unk - now rnpinite 501 8 loa) # SO a soln q Beas system FA a. cuannen's mule Te used ine FT pomogenous LS TEs Dates Dd fino. sma2t a tquersion method. 2. make ioc xe ne * Laet> sraguencertect MAES geqrt 3 UakoUD rnpiruté SoleProperté 2 PERS ee” gi ep tees values = - A=Ar AT = Have some e-values- 2. Cay = Aa a, As + KEAT = kaa, kag, 4 1 Ke 4 Lajt= at 42 Le * Tal = 3B. me e.value | vepper [Lower Ale emapoiae ore 1S pae- 22a oat oo 2 e@- values of 2,3-2- 4 e-yalue mate aie real spare Pe wate gq real srunee pie # e.vectTr % conespoeding po olistinet e- vole are pynogonad in notre aa[%] v As €. volue eo vactar. TL i wy symure Fore 0 e. value 4 Ske wrsdatre ove puce puneeginony napse » tl pwagin®, aif moniners ey couplet in 34H 6. : Mognilude 4 e value 4. No an =Aa42 = arsnogona| wuatene i equal 40 one a2 36 ao) coleni 2. 3 \re 212 |ee Pee volies aa ye. vector is eal value =n weg xen ger no 3 odes < epeat ed é ate m- s(t) Z m0 “goadee yuust rot SE eigen veerr ° Led. one Lenene dependte so. owe 1 He e vakee becomes ZO: a DU, mR. — gnosteet 0? _e-value. mt V¥m=p ame ot4 ape ett a @ INCayley Hanittou -lreoveuns used ro final 8! gud nt areca te =0 ase Ss Ar 2B +57 =0 4% on matrix is formed by cossv—> ~ va z OR fou COR clus = Formulas 4. sinto +.0st9 =1 La tanto = see® for ee Colne 1 a. sin(ni a= sinf cose 1 cOsnsin® sinagn = 25inncos® 2sinAnlos® = sin(Aie@ +sin(p- cosh sine = ian tB SAO 2 + simnsine. s. cos(A +e = cosncee SE sm'P - 4- ast A acoseh —\ BWSR COsB= COS Cate) + cas (8-8) = cas (re) — 2 (HPD 2sink sind = tana S1ONP + gan(ntB- Lz tenis gana = 2th ton Log ovtihuts + a. ogy =O Hee ae 2. 1og.Cao) = tog. + 10g,8 ° 3. 104 Cajy) = toga — log.b 4. aXr= elogee™ = oxloge®- Se Ode ae a Tl ae tog. C Ya) = -log z m8 & 10g na = loa: a. loga® = mlogec Not 1. fu = Ame 2. 10g = 109,59.Liveits a. lt se fonda ¢la- pear hn) He ae at FOO Bhat g¢ a pie gt lath) Lob = RAL limit GY & fe exists Fe both ne Leff and aight hand ltuir+s aye exits are equal. 2. p- Hospital Bale - qutermidiate farrs- » DB, oxw ww, + wo. 0°. a apps gate log amd convesd- 10 BB foun & qucn diff Result? yes rf oro is @ sational 22 dia A 0 yoe ae etion ereznod U8 clisect SUbStE = rp fis polynowstal 07 pattona) foriwon ong a *s me doucin ot" LO © oe sauceze mere FOS GOA hte) Lima _ ben FOO = xa S Mlaye Le 9 oes xsa — Notes Whew Ut aso Fake nu ard fend hitghest power oeedstole on os qe Fe ot ae ye 20. m0 ae gis eM yO =O me Live aX 5 = loge werd oe ° ioe at pu 6 ye0 a = tog C4]0) 9. Hm Ca4+x) Ye oe xO fl p a Live gult = 6 Oi Oat S wale ab Live é a ct 4+an) wo ee _ evlo iw ax a a+ 10. 0 c cz Lim y ae poem Cc fe) Liu om 12 oe ca-kd) plu 400% 230 a 1g, UM Sime a DE time sink 4 Ne HE =? Live fLoget 15 yw i =0 yy, Ch Sin@X Lm. x0 Lim sine wo De we. 2 ade wat? ate1. ag Lime 2- Cosme 2 Sp ec ao. ti 0 ee continwtty of & fncar A fe Ff is gcd 10 be contr niOUs p= re] [x30 y saiey fo ee ciscondint ° amas ous. [Las -RUs 7 Ypnines xis. types y li pees fe fsconpinwity. ay yemped Aik f(x Lie | ple) Ait 26 xaet rf ap ard rype es cpr bHS @ Rus ave bot aloes mot exist: ss tontinurty « sy Rewoverl chi ee Live (i) = noe ie stondarsd contre ynowial pr one lier x ae £2 2. Ate pal cont noes 2. 2 is conti nto“s fm Ve when WO (nt 0,4) Be pal ts conn ous LX but not oli ppereet(able +. logo fs continions fz ¥x 5. bxpotenta/ peretion (0% @) 5 CORA RMS 6. Sinx ond cose are (OPH 7VoeLs @ excep! x= Qn4y) Hy f taux, secx ave contini ous Vx, Cop ave continous cosecx, Voc except 27h Dippesera tic bilety A fa ts depp at mera (yf Lie px) -f la) a oy fila). exits aud deroted Tw general lent vector fz glen = lie Gs tay) -#) ALAO ee pues im Heb) - FO fled 0, rae a pf (ew) -f =a puis tim Ce = 4 b> Cpe ¢ Cet) ford b put = Luc diff exits. wap + 4 pay Cf PE must be continious of every Porert in yy fae Conyerse oes conpin lous [2 tis owas mor bole & need not be Viff-Note; 2. Moclulus |x| fa fs condintous but nor WS OF w=0- alee eg ee =o ee) ae og Flaxre) (% “or ayy at x= But. CL Ps diff: 6-5 [=] formulas 4. 40x) = ed{H +)]- L aN ye ~ Tu? orloge 3 divx) = eaAly). = Ls alyx>) | 6. da” # Loge Ce —s tos is sine 4. taux gece —eosec™ Cote | 10. Cosecx > Ie cose > — SIRK 1a. gece > seen taux cote + —cos eb e ite @ _, oe ostee 13. az Vi-we i e] 1g. tOReO _, cote always -b a a cose ©, 4. seat aes Mm olCuv) = uviaval 6 AC Yy) = wy =v v2 4 [+Cac)] = 119) FO Maxima aud wininta flo) > O -s tocal max Value ae fl & tn) > local wir value a coutinious povections FD a ceatein value aod Be ed al C +e #0 ve) * of jereases 10 que eet _ value poncho Ff) » value ond ve to 4ve) ¢ stationary pein px_caitical points: ie o -y stationmy 1 Xy Xa points qucreasing oF decreasing 18st. 3 rnceasing- fled ro. plOxe- 3 decreasing: qutesval | 4/- @ £ AGFist erivative test Suppose ¢ fs cviéecal potas. a! fl chauges from sve to Ve adc amen f has local max at Cc. apt choages prs ~ve 10 1VE atc ten of Aoce| min Ate 3.4! does V0 change sign af es has m0 loca} max © wir has pon f [reer la jolt ge jud ; AS ae ye comcaye epware aud eum cave dpwnward . Zits above concave, Tangent Below curve Her downward and prugens Wes conve teen Concave epward. In. Lt concave. downwoect . Below ve eoucave- upward concavity test! a. F'CO & 0. > coucave uperacd 5 egneave. downwar a FCO 40 qugtection point curve oranges pram concave poor] ~ down ward @ downward 10 eproed rhe poiat te tupleetiow a Co. +00) ) — loo) test @ te f"Cc) $9 > Eco local mire second deviva tive we 1" <0 —¥ local Max pxccrple discuss Jue Curve f= ote ax® nf concavity. poine F uf lection crud local waareinna med eaininaa. pane xt +3 fi0O = qare jae gx8- ax? = gxr(x-2) =0 way | A cvifreal 7 ain tS caitica srationny P Meese fice) = jax? — 2426 - Fito) = 0 pica) = 3650 Cgocal vatnimuta) Gee el mmivauve valus) 24x =0 fice) = ee axe e-2) =? emp? i pow | (0.2) _ - downed ce ~) rt pv900 . curve changes from coneane apres to lownward ab %=0- 1. C0,0) is me ingrectiow point Cat x20. FO =0) cenve chaug es from Cor to upmosel. at x=2 Ca. -16) ts aw point Car x=e fle cave olowawng japleetiow 18)Maxima aud minima x plug FICx) fix = O- xe ar oe a pind FMC) 1s pica) <0. RflCo) *O > Wi Bf" =0 —~ saddle point - u ab xa OOS sauronary point wax value a valent Maxima aud win?are valees Fe ywo vexiabies FR! Second olextvative test. = Dla) = fx le) tfyyoe eyo 2. D¥O. fuclarg) 0, + 4ocal warn 2.020. fagela.6) C0 > Local mar Spo 7 max @ wir steps tind fe. 18 fe=0. statrougy ports . HF fax toy fry. and fe Da 1 Rolls mean Volue-su0coxue a zt is a og rs ole on Ca, 2 f bd 760 =O continious on £ 4,6] * fla) = pase a tuen 2, dag rauges meon value pene fla # fled fre- Foo Fa) ba cauchy's mean value yucoun. Ss. ft aud gy oe continous [a.e} f aud y ove oleyf (a0) go fo. peo pC b-1@ geo 9 0) - glad Result! Hi wa. max At Paectior”—“vyatue Value oe 5 ete ene a ole xele Result? flo = cose F pein e: vain value = ato may vere = oT oe. nous a fille) 0- a inperval bre Cow) > lle) ra. fle —— Ale Law of actetiis Vector calculus CD Veet inseg vals ae Ime integea! vector ditt 4 Grad 4 cty ® Susyace ~~ * Cust ee Volume Sealay d_vectoss ie dtereoues % Scatax a quauhty —ned vy Hs muagryude ts a quanitity 1.e, cere * Vectos *s ~ned vy ts magevrude & dnection Op > postton vetoo.C2) Pcw yz) OF = a +4 P+aP ope > magnitude Result? 7 T= OT + aef pack ap \cot ae + ete + 05 = 2.e Cone = 2 al z 12[= Vey r@er 1a? en jection Scalas povdluct + La] [ol cose unit yeetous : AY vector Y MAY niu 1 c " ig) 6? taf +ek aut + ef + ab) - (ett ogpr 2) \ eo a sy " iege= la] [8] vse e=/2] (8 ap uni qaugenl Velow = AF/ay | | 99/te| oy) on PB ek = 5. La.beJ- aan a> 4g a Vectos clitt Opesctor Cy) _ 2 4th 1e2 aud = [2/18] 98* Vo toy eet ee oa 3. /el[2 mol) oka © lel [als pivectional desivative + SP tbe tot if eat tag + ge gttap ret fap. ; Z Fs Samy ae Fe BB = OYE -Gbadf He Wr = rgeawes| axb= (agdg—eende ~ Cama” \j = ge Gna Gues ROMMAL tO SANFEEE + Cajbe- Aah )E- : - enya) ep cyl TP We qunte rowel = 4 bw fue curves? rine _ougle a ye tnd cos = ae yw 27> l2| |e] PrP ey Ext ca rf yoo eunues CAIs eath op Resutts- onttrogorally. yaer, 0.629 a) Be FlOT HALL It LOE +pv, # HS angle * 2. AP/dy > Vowetty [+anqeuy vecle cso s d*P/4,—& aeceln weetor moles Lf two Suspaces cuts eacle ovtnog orally, 149 V9-Ve=0Nosmal 40 a Susface : = @ Results: fe vee) = fo) ee r a. Wyle) = $10) 2 410) Se iemiattonal Vectors. cullP =VXE : gis 2 Vxe=d. a aa\ (a 42|-|% oe [2-2 ae % stokes thease > ti fa e 2 = en +(e mje. | [pear fone | a ee ie ae “gmbrelock wrse drecter + solenoidal Vectos = ve + ae ie spies Stan form F dives g ee Devotretoral Yeetor? * caste: pecenyenr-* pret ol ( I prdyde + Fededac +65 etxdy J= 4| a . bb oe at Be 2S deayt= y Rotating Yeote s using wraton uatet ces - -tagesltd sine wedVector” Entegra | calceeus, Epeen's “heowem ina pi cons “teers Sn pln’ ye Line integral ) _ + Ssuxpace integra] Ex f (Pam + Bcty)= if (28 20 Jax t i —— Volume integral were & in amediclockeers¢ 4. bine insegoal @ vectou- point dnectton ™ ctrons. (Tw syoug eubis fer ons. ( Tategral a fougenio] mohe+ Green's -theovens cenmelle pompenesnt ts une bate goal open oe que closed Line integral ore [pee > fine rraegral GF guopace integral. —— along, wave & | 2. Susfpace ravegeal @ VOUo™ f e.ae = [ peosedr. point funetor: [les += { rasegeal ON™ novo) ~f og Jine integra) go tee fangenfieel eterertal surpace *s aly (ouponen7 4 FE along & pet Re ve He pryccion t - ne Pe Ae +l +Bk- on ea wea yy +2eB- peewee 2" a > dpa de? +4 +dzeé ‘ pda” [ * i: z)- (4x?+ ket Re ge wee pryerhom de = 7 + 7 Jrerd® aie Lon ys plan’ __aagy je? > > agp + tek) [ (pe ads = spr at = Sade brady phate de dy de 5 ; pet RO we He prrje ctor %S 4 line Integral @ woredone clepenols upon end points does mot depen a AE | om CuUBYE- [A TY econdition for Fito oe conserve ~ —tive a Wiume Integral. of FE isan jprovatona) Vector {\4 dv {SS fed. ap —_—__ A a conserva FYE : =e Ve LO BE is vvoractioral [Pe 9 vee a 2 [F-aF = $e —F OO). i mote: xoratonal.