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    Signals Sampling Theorem

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    Kirubasri S
    The sampling theorem states that a continuous-time signal can be reconstructed from its samples if the sampling frequency is greater than twice the highest frequency component of the original signal. This ensures there is no overlap between the translated spectra when taking the Fourier transform of the sampled signal, avoiding aliasing. The document provides a mathematical proof of the sampling theorem involving multiplying the continuous signal by an impulse train, taking the Fourier transform, and showing the sampled spectrum is a summation of the original spectrum shifted by integer multiples of the sampling frequency.

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    Signals Sampling Theorem

    Uploaded by

    Kirubasri S
    15 views3 pages
    The sampling theorem states that a continuous-time signal can be reconstructed from its samples if the sampling frequency is greater than twice the highest frequency component of the original signal. This ensures there is no overlap between the translated spectra when taking the Fourier transform of the sampled signal, avoiding aliasing. The document provides a mathematical proof of the sampling theorem involving multiplying the continuous signal by an impulse train, taking the Fourier transform, and showing the sampled spectrum is a summation of the original spectrum shifted by integer multiples of the sampling frequency.

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    Signals Sampling Theorem

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    The sampling theorem states that a continuous-time signal can be reconstructed from its samples if the sampling frequency is greater than twice the highest frequency component of the original signal. This ensures there is no overlap between the translated spectra when taking the Fourier transform of the sampled signal, avoiding aliasing. The document provides a mathematical proof of the sampling theorem involving multiplying the continuous signal by an impulse train, taking the Fourier transform, and showing the sampled spectrum is a summation of the original spectrum shifted by integer multiples of the sampling frequency.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views3 pages

    Signals Sampling Theorem

    Uploaded by

    Kirubasri S
    The sampling theorem states that a continuous-time signal can be reconstructed from its samples if the sampling frequency is greater than twice the highest frequency component of the original signal. This ensures there is no overlap between the translated spectra when taking the Fourier transform of the sampled signal, avoiding aliasing. The document provides a mathematical proof of the sampling theorem involving multiplying the continuous signal by an impulse train, taking the Fourier transform, and showing the sampled spectrum is a summation of the original spectrum shifted by integer multiples of the sampling frequency.

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    1/5/24, 8:24 PM Signals Sampling Theorem

    Signals Sampling Theorem

    Statement: A continuous time signal can be represented in its samples and can be
    recovered back when sampling frequency fs is greater than or equal to the twice the
    highest frequency component of message signal. i. e.

    f s ≥ 2f m .

    Proof: Consider a continuous time signal x(t). The spectrum of x(t) is a band limited
    to fm Hz i.e. the spectrum of x(t) is zero for |ω|>ωm.

    Sampling of input signal x(t) can be obtained by multiplying x(t) with an impulse
    train δ(t) of period Ts. The output of multiplier is a discrete signal called sampled
    signal which is represented with y(t) in the following diagrams:

    Here, you can observe that the sampled signal takes the period of impulse. The
    process of sampling can be explained by the following mathematical expression:

    Sampled signal y(t) = x(t). δ(t) . . . . . . (1)

    The trigonometric Fourier series representation of δ (t) is given by

    https://www.tutorialspoint.com/signals_and_systems/signals_sampling_theorem.htm 1/3
    1/5/24, 8:24 PM Signals Sampling Theorem
    ∞
    δ(t) = a 0 + Σ (a n cos nω s t + b n sin nω s t) . . . . . . (2)
    n=1

    Where
    1 2 1 1
    a0 = ∫ −T
    δ(t)dt = δ(0) =
    Ts Ts Ts
    2

    2 2 2 2
    an = ∫ −T
    δ(t) cos nω s dt = δ(0) cos nω s 0 =
    Ts T2 T
    2

    2 2 2
    bn = ∫ −T
    δ(t) sin nω s t dt = δ(0) sin nω s 0 = 0
    Ts Ts
    2

    Substitute above values in equation 2.

    1 ∞ 2
    ∴ δ(t) = + Σ ( cos nω s t + 0)
    Ts n=1 Ts

    Substitute δ(t) in equation 1.

    → y(t) = x(t). δ(t)

    1 ∞ 2
    = x(t)[ + Σ ( cos nω s t)]
    Ts n=1 Ts

    1 ∞
    = [x(t) + 2Σ (cos nω s t)x(t)]
    Ts n=1

    1
    y(t) = [x(t) + 2 cos ω s t. x(t) + 2 cos 2ω s t. x(t) + 2 cos 3ω s t. x(t)
    Ts

    ... ... ]

    Take Fourier transform on both sides.

    1
    Y (ω) = [X(ω) + X(ω − ω s ) + X(ω + ω s ) + X(ω − 2ω s )
    Ts

    + X(ω + 2ω s )+ . . . ]

    1 ∞
    ∴ Y (ω) = Σ n=−∞ X(ω − nω s ) where n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . .
    Ts

    To reconstruct x(t), you must recover input signal spectrum X(ω) from sampled
    signal spectrum Y(ω), which is possible when there is no overlapping between the
    cycles of Y(ω).

    Possibility of sampled frequency spectrum with different conditions is given by the


    following diagrams:

    https://www.tutorialspoint.com/signals_and_systems/signals_sampling_theorem.htm 2/3
    1/5/24, 8:24 PM Signals Sampling Theorem

    Aliasing Effect
    The overlapped region in case of under sampling represents aliasing effect, which
    can be removed by

    considering fs >2fm

    By using anti aliasing filters.

    https://www.tutorialspoint.com/signals_and_systems/signals_sampling_theorem.htm 3/3

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