Sunwal-Hakui Substation Subproject: Draft Environmental and Social Management Plan

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT
PLAN
SUNWAL-HAKUI SUBSTATION
SUBPROJECT
Parasi District, Lumbini Province
NEPAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY

DISTRIBUTION AND CONSUMER SERVICES DIRECTORATE
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM UPGRADE AND EXPANSION

PROJECT (DSUEP)
DURBAR MARG, KATHMANDU, NEPAL
CONSULTANT
NEA ENGINEERING COMPANY LIMITED
TRADE TOWER, THAPATHALI, KATHMANDU
NEPAL
AUGUST 2022
DATE REVISION PREPARED APPROVED

“This Environmental and Social management Plan is a document of the
Proponent. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of
EIB’s Board of Directors, Management, or Staff, and may be preliminary in
nature.”
| ESMP OF SUNWAL-HAKUI SUBSTATION SUBPROJECT | AUGUST 2022
TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT.............................................................................I
LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................II
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................II
LIST OF ANNEXES...............................................................................II
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................III
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................V
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................1
1.1 Project Background........................................................1
1.2 Scope of ESMP...............................................................1
1.3 Objectives of ESMP.........................................................1
1.4 Description of Subproject...............................................2
1.5 Legal Requirement for ESMP...........................................6
1.6 Methodology and Approaches of ESMP Preparation..........6
1.7 Classification of Impact Area...........................................9
2. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS................................10
2.1 Physical Environment...................................................10
2.2 Biological Environment.................................................13
2.3 Socio-Economic, and Cultural Environment....................14
3. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS, AND
MITIGATION MEASURES....................................................................15
3.1 Beneficial Impacts........................................................15
3.2 Potential Adverse Impacts............................................16
3.3 Management Specifications for the Construction and
Operational Phases...............................................................24
3.4 Livelihood Support Activities.........................................30
3.5 Institutional Arrangement.............................................31
3.6 Grievance Redress Mechanism......................................31
3.7 Compliance with Environmental Laws and Regulations. . .35
4. MONITORING AND REPORTING MECHANISM............................36
4.1 Environmental and Social Monitoring.............................36
4.2 ESMP Implementation and Monitoring Cost....................40
5. CONCLUSION........................................................................41
REFERENCES....................................................................................42
ANNEXES.........................................................................................43
| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP)

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1: Technical Description of the Proposed Subproject..............................2

Table 1-2: Summary of Issues, Comments and Suggestions Received................8
Table 1-3: Impact Ranking Matrix as per National EIA Guidelines - 2050............9
Table 2-1: Ambient Air and Noise Quality Parameter Measurement..................11
Table 2-2: Physical Parameter of Water of Turiya Khola....................................11
Table 2-3: List of Birds recorded within the Project Area...................................13
Table 2-4: List of Herpetofauna Found in the Project Area.................................14
Table 3-1: Impact Identification and Evaluation Matrix......................................21
Table 3-2: Construction and Operational Management Specifications...............25
Table 3-3: Livelihood Support Activities.............................................................30
Table 3-4: Crop Loss Estimation from Area Affected for Cultivation and
Estimated Production........................................................................................... 30
Table 3-4: Levels of Grievance Redress Mechanism..........................................33
Table 4-1: Environmental Monitoring Plan.........................................................37
Table 4-2: ESMP Implementation and Monitoring Cost......................................40
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1: Layout and Location Map of Subproject............................................3

Figure 1-2: Bird-Eye View of Subproject in Satellite Map.....................................4
Figure 1-3: Accessibility to the Proposed Site......................................................5
Figure 1-4: Identified Stakeholder from Identification Process............................7
Figure 1-5: Consultation with Stakeholders and Communities in the Subproject
Area....................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 2-1: Proposed Site, and Nearby Hydrological Feature............................10
Figure 2-2: Geological Map of Proposed Project................................................12
Figure 2-3: Seismic Hazard Map of Nepal Showing Proposed Project Site.........12
Figure 2-4: Location of Subproject area with respect to Nearby Protected Areas
............................................................................................................................ 13
Figure 3-1: Institutional Arrangement for Environmental and Social
Management........................................................................................................ 31
Figure 3-2: Workflow Diagram for GRM from NEA.............................................34
LIST OF ANNEXES
ANNEX 1: MAP, LAYOUT, SUBSTATION COMPONENTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS OF

ANCILLIARY FACILITIES
ANNEX 2: CERTIFICATE OF LAND OWNERSHIP
ANNEX 3: FIELD VISIT PHOTOGRAPHS
ANNEX 4: NOTICE FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION
ANNEX 5: PROOF OF PUBLIC NOTICE PASTING
ANNEX 6: CONSULTATION MEETING MINUTES

ANNEX 7: MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN DSUEP AND BHTLP
FOR LAND USAGE
ANNEX 8: OUTLINE OF ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN
ANNEX 9: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY RELATED SIGNS
ANNEX 10: REVIEW OF LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS
ANNEX 11: DUE DILIGENCE REPORT
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AIS Air Insulated Substation

CBOs Community Based Organizations
CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora
CPA Core Project Area
CSC Construction Supervision Consultants
DCSD Distribution and Consumer Service Directorate
DD Data Deficient
DDR Due Diligence Report
DHM Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
DoS Department of Survey
DSUEP Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project
EHS Environment, Health and Safety
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIB European Investment Bank
EMF Electromagnetic Fields
EPA Environment Protection Act
EPR Environment Protection Regulations
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESM Environmental and Social Monitoring
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
ESMU Environment and Social Management Unit
ESP Environment and Social Policy
ESS Environmental and Social Standards
EU European Union
GHG Green House Gas
GoN Government of Nepal
GRC Grievance Redress Committee
GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources
LC Least Concern
LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas
MoEWRI Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation
NEA Nepal Electricity Authority
NEAEC NEA Engineering Company

OHS Occupational Health and Safety
PIU Project Implementation Unit
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
SPA Surrounding Project Area
SWM Solid Waste Management
WEIGHT AND MEASURES

% Percent/ Percentage LV Low Voltage
cum Cubic Meter m Meter
dB Decibel amsl Above Mean Sea Level
g Gram mm Millimeter
ha Hectare MVA Mega Volt Ampere
Kg Kilogram MW Megawatt
Km Kilometer NRs. Nepalese Rupees
kV Kilovolt oC Degree Celsius
kWh Kilo Watt Hour sq.m. Square Meter
ltr Liter

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
As required by the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) of

DSUEP for “Category III” Subprojects, this Environmental and Social Management
Plan (ESMP) has been prepared for Sunwal-Hakui Substation Subproject. This
ESMP documents existing baseline conditions, concerns of local stakeholders,
and recommends environmental and social management measures, monitoring
and reporting requirements for the Subproject during the preconstruction,
construction and operational phases.
The primary environment and social issues identified from the study are as
follows:
i. The substation land lies in the Terai region's flat plain area, which is slightly
depressed and adjoining the seasonal Turiya Khola. An estimated 85,203 cum
of spoil is necessary for filling the depressed substation land as a part of land
preparation for construction.
ii. During construction phase, issues of dust, noise and solid waste will arise but
the impact expected is minimal.
iii. There are no significant biological issues within the Subproject footprint area.
iv. NEA owns the proposed substation land. However, previous titleholders are
still cultivating the land and the crops might be affected by construction
activities.
The primary mitigation measures proposed for this Subproject are:
i. Local people will be prioritized for employment and construction materials will
be purchased from the local market as far as possible.
ii. Boundary wall, retaining wall and embankment work adjoining to Turiya Khola,
compaction of spoil, adequate drainage system along Parasi Road and
sediment control traps and ditches will be constructed to control erosion and
inundation.
iii. Income restoration activities (skill development training) along with additional
assistance will be provided to the existing land users.
iv. Advance notice of one month will be given to the land users to harvest their
crops.
v. Loss of standing crops will be compensated.
vi. Additional financial assistance will be given to the previous titleholders.
vii. Avoidance of child labor, provision of equal wages for men and women, and
employment priority to socially backward community are advised.
viii. Preparation and execution of Environmental, health and safety plan by the
Contractor is recommended to address occupational hazard and safety related
issues.
ix. Use of insulation, guarding, grounding, electrical protective devices, and
industry-standard safe work practices are advised.
NRs. 71,18,870.00 is estimated to implement associated E&S mitigation

measures and monitoring activities. This ESMP along with DDR is considered
sufficient to meet the environmental and social requirements for the Subproject
at present design conditions.


1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background
The proposed Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP) is
expected to enhance and expand the electricity distribution system to improve
the reliability (voltage level and reduction in power loss) and coverage of
electricity supply in the Sudhurpaschim, Karnali and Lumbini Provinces.
Upgradation of system efficiency and expansion of coverage area will improve
quality of life in the region, enhance economic activities, and reduce dependency
on petroleum and wood fuel. DSUEP will expand distribution lines of 33kV and
11kV in the three provinces as part of Government of Nepal (GoN)’s program “to
achieve affordable electricity fulfilling the demands at the local levels for all the
households by 2022”.
The European Investment Bank (EIB) has provided loan finance to 13 Subprojects
under DSUEP. Of these 13 Subprojects, based on the geographical locations, NEA
has clustered nine Subprojects in six districts of Lumbini Province, and five
Subprojects in three districts of Sudhurpaschim Province. The project will
construct 13 new 33/11kV substations, and 133 km long 33kV distribution lines
along with the installation of transformers.
The Sunwal-Hakui Substation Subproject (hereafter referred to as “the

Subproject”) is one of the 13 Subprojects being constructed under DSUEP. The
Subproject is located in Parasi district; approximately 246 Km through Prithivi
Highway and East-West Highway in southwest of Kathmandu.
1.2 Scope of ESMP

Within the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) of DSUEP,
the scope of ESMP is to identify environmental and social issues (including
potential impact of the Subproject), recommend measures for environmental and
social management, and recommend monitoring and reporting requirements for
the Subproject.
Specifically, the construction of 33/11kV substation (including guardhouse, staff

quarter, office building, control building inner service road & drainages facilities,
storage yards) is within the scope of ESMP. The scope does not include the
construction of 33kV distribution line for this Subproject.
1.3 Objectives of ESMP

In accordance to the EIB’s safeguard standards and GoN’s legislative
requirements, the objective of the ESMP is to recommend a structured list of
actions to maximize the positive impacts and avoid/minimize the negative
impacts of the Subproject. The objectives of this ESMP are to;
 Document the indicators of existing physical, biological, and socio-
economic environmental components of the Subproject impact area.
 Document the concern of local stakeholders and address them as
appropriate.

 Identify, predict, and assess the potential adverse and beneficial
environmental impacts of the Subproject during preconstruction,
construction, operation and maintenance phases.
 Recommend environmental and social mitigation measures to enhance
positive impacts and avoid/minimize negative impacts of the Subproject.
 Recommend monitoring plan, institutional arrangement, and suggest
capacity-building activities for the effective implementation of ESMP.
1.4 Description of Subproject

General and technical features of the Subproject are presented briefly in the
following table.
Table 1-1: Technical Description of the Proposed Subproject

Description Features
Proponent Nepal Electricity Authority
Distribution System Upgrade and
Project
Expansion Project (DSUEP)
Subproject Sunwal-Hakui Substation Subproject
Funding Agency EIB
Ramgram Municipality, Parasi, Lumbini
Project Location
Province
Substation
Location Ramgram Municipality 16, Hakui, Parasi
Land Ownership Owned by NEA
Voltage Level 33/11kV
Substation Capacity 8 MVA
Number, and Capacity of
1 no., 6/8 MVA
Transformer
Type of Transformer 3 Phase, ONAN, Mineral Oil
Type of Substation AIS (33kV), and Indoor (11kV)
Number of 33kV Line Bays 1
Number of 33kV Transformer
1
Bays
Number of 11kV Feeders 4
Approximate Area of Substation 25,651.29 sq. m. (2.565 ha)
Source: Feasibility Study Report, 2021
1.4.1 Location of Subproject

The Subproject lies in Ramgram Municipality, Ward-16, of Parasi District of
Lumbini Province. The Substation area lies at latitude 27°30'59.29"N, longitude
83°36'11.89"E.

Figure 1-1: Layout and Location Map of Subproject

Source: Digital Data from Department of Survey, 2021 and Field Study, 2021
| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP) |9

Proposed Substation Area

East-West Highway (H1 / AH2)
Ramgram Municipality Office
Figure 1-2: Bird-Eye View of Subproject in Satellite Map

Source: Google Map, 2021 and Field Study, 2021
| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP) | 10

1.4.2 Accessibility to the Subproject Site

The Subproject site is approximately 246Km through Prithivi Highway,
Narayanghat-Mugling Highway, and East-West Highway in south-west of
Kathmandu. It is easily accessible from Sunwal (a town - nearly 230 kilometers
from Kathmandu – along the East-West Highway) through Sunwal-Parasi Road
(F9) to Ramgram (9Km distance), and then through Parasi Road (F130) at a
distance of 7Km from Ramgram up to the proposed substation.
Figure 1-3: Accessibility to the Proposed Site

Source: https://maps.google.com/ on 2/13/2022
1.4.3 Subproject Components

Major component of the Subproject is 33/11 kV substation. The structures of the
Subproject are briefly described below.
Substation
The proposed substation 33/11 kV is of capacity 24 MVA. The major component
of the substation is power transformer, which is supported by the switchgear
components and Civil Structures. Map, layout, pictures of substation components
and other facilities are shown in ANNEX 1.
Transformers: Transformer is the major component of the substation. Power

Transformers are used for 33/11 kV substations. These transformers are mineral
oil based with ONAN/ONAF (Oil Natural Air Natural/Oil Natural Air Forced) cooling
mechanisms. In existing practice, the transformers used for 33/11 kV substation
in Nepal are typically of 1 MVA, 3 MVA, 8 MVA and 16 MVA depending upon the
load supplied by the substation. This Subproject comprises of power transformer
of 8 and 16 MVA ONAN type.
Electrical Switchgear: Electrical Switchgear comprises of equipment including

Circuit Breaker, Earth Switch, Current Transformer, Potential Transformers
installed in the substation. Electric Switchgear facilitates power conversion.
| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP) |

Civil Structures: A control building will be constructed for operation of the
substation. It houses the operating station, along with battery systems. Guard
House and Staff Quarter will also be constructed for smooth operation of the
substation.
Switchyard, Boundary, Roads, Drainage and Essentials: The outdoor civil

structure in the proposed substation includes the boundary wall, main entrance
gates and Switchyard. The power transformer and components of power system
are laid in the switchyard based on the prudent engineering practice. Steel
structures are used to support the components as per requirements. Roads are
paved within the boundary as essential for the transport of power transformer
and other components. The substation location also serves as site store for
storage of distribution system components.
1.4.4 Construction Work and Resource Requirement
 The substation land proposed (2.565ha) has already been acquired by NEA
(refer to ANNEX 2 for land ownership certificate).
 During the implementation of Subproject, nearly 41 people will be
deployed for construction works on daily basis.
 The major equipment used are Excavator (1), Roller (1), Drilling Machine
(1), and Crane (1).
 For construction power, 1 Grid Supply- 120kVA Distribution Transformer
and 2 Diesel Generators (50kVA each) as alternate supply will be required.
 The construction schedule is estimated to be 24 Months after awarding the
tender.
1.4.5 Major Construction Activities in the Subproject
i. Preconstruction phase: The activities to be carried out before the

construction phase are:
 Demarcation of proposed substation land area
 Receive public opinion
 Permanent clearance of the substation land
ii. Construction phase: The activities to be carried out during the construction
phase are:
 Transportation of construction materials
 Leveling of land area for the proposed substation
 Construction of substation structures
 Installation of equipment
iii. Operation phase: The activities to be carried out during the operation phase
are:
 Operation of the Substation
 Maintenance of Substation facilities and equipment.
1.5 Legal Requirement for ESMP

Based on the Environmental Screening Criteria and Social Screening Criteria
defined in ESMF of DSUEP, “Environmental and Social Screening Report of
Sunwal-Hakui Substation Subproject” concluded that this Subproject requires
preparation of ESMP along with DDR.
1.6 Methodology and Approaches of ESMP Preparation

Following methodology and approaches were adopted to prepare this ESMP.
1. Review of Literature:
The study started with the review of previous relevant reports, EIB’s
Environmental and Social Safeguard documents, ESMF for DSUEP and SES
(NEA), feasibility study reports, and relevant social safeguard documents
prepared by the NEA and consultant.
2. Site Inspection and Field Visit:
After approval of inception and screening report, ESMP study team visited the
site (refer to ANNEX 3 for field photographs) from 2078/06/05 to 2078/06/12
(21-28 September 2021). The necessary baseline data/information of physical,
biological, socio-economic, and cultural environment was collected through site
observation, testing (air/noise/water1), walk-through survey, consultative
meeting/discussion with concerned stakeholders within the Subproject footprint
area.
3. Stakeholder Identification:
Prior to stakeholder consultation, stakeholder identification and analysis were
done. The identified stakeholders are categorized in following three groups (
).
1
The air quality data was monitored by Temtop Airing-1000 PM Detector, noise by UNI-T UT 353 Mini Sound Meter (dB) and
water quality by EXTECH ExStik II DO600.

Figure 1-4: Identified Stakeholder from Identification Process 2
4. Public Consultation:
Local level stakeholders including the land users were notified through a notice
(ANNEX 4) from NEA consisting of objectives of consultation, venue, and time
requesting their presence in the consultation meeting. The notice was pasted in
Ward office and proposed substation area. The proof of notice pasting is
attached in ANNEX 5. The consultation meeting was conducted at the
Bakenawa, Ramgram Municipality-16 on 2078/06/07 (23 September 2021).
Hard copies of Subproject features and activities in Nepali language were
shared at the time of consultation. Each of the components, activities and
possible environmental-social issues during Subproject implementation was
briefed. The views/consent, concerns, recommendations/suggestions, and
demands of the participants were documented in the form of minutes. The
summary of consultation meeting minutes is given in table below and the copy
of minutes is attached in ANNEX 6.
Table 1-2: Summary of Issues, Comments and Suggestions Received
Dat Participan
Location Points from the Minutes
e ts
Ramgra Stakeholde The experts from NEA Engineering Company briefed us
m Mun. rs about the Subproject.
2078-06-07 (23rd
-16, Female: 5 The experts from NEA Engineering Company briefed us

Bakena Male: 8 about the Subproject.
wa Study Though we have electricity in our area, we are facing
Team:5 problem of voltage drop. Therefore, we demand quick
Total: 18 implementation of this project.
We inform that NEA has already acquired the land of
proposed Substation.
However, we (previous land titleholders) are cultivating
the land; we happily express our consent to stop
2
Referenced Meaningful stakeholder engagement: a joint publication of the MFI working group on environmental and social
standards / Reidar Kvam, PP-19, 2019. (Retrieved from
https://publications.iadb.org/publications/english/document/Meaningful_Stakeholder_Engagement_A_Joint_Publication_of_the
_MFI_Working_Group_on_Environmental_and_Social_Standards_en.pdf, January 2022) for stakeholder mapping process.

Dat Participan
Location Points from the Minutes
e ts
cultivation once the project informs us of the start of
construction of the Subproject.
We (local people and stakeholders) express our
commitment to fully support to the construction of the
Subproject.
S
We inform that there will not be any negative impact
e
to the culture and livelihood of Tharu/Chaudhary,
p
Muslims, Janajati and other community by the
t
construction of the Subproject.
e
m
b
Source: Field Study, 2021
Figure 1-5: Consultation with Stakeholders and Communities in the Subproject

Area
Source: Digital Data from Department of Survey, 2021, World Base Map, 2021 and Field
Study, 2021
5. Third Party Verification:

The DSUEP Project had requested the Ward offices of concerned local level for
the verification of consultations undertaken by study team during the field visit.
The Ward chairperson3 had made recommendations the DSUEP Project with
3
Ward is the bottom level unit under Government of Nepal. The Ward Chairman is an elected representative of ward
responsible for planning and budgeting at ward level, collecting and maintaining data of households, maintaining records of
public property, conducting child and environment-friendly programs, carrying out market monitoring and ensuring smooth

letters that the needful and meaningful consultations have been undertaken
during the project consultation and the views of local people are recorded as
evident in the minutes annexed (ANNEX 6) in this report.
6. Data Analysis:
All potential subproject impacts on physical, biological, socio-economic and
cultural resources were integrated and assessed using best practices of
Multilateral Development Banks, as well as compliance with national
requirements. The Geographic Information System and SW Maps were used for
the field assessment and analysis of the Subproject area data and presentation
of the maps in the ESMP report.
7. Impacts Identification, Prediction and Evaluation:
After field visit, the data, and feedback were put together to identify the
associated impacts, their magnitude, extent and duration which was further
ranked based on matrix of National EIA Guidelines – 2050 (Table 1-3: Impact
Ranking Matrix as per National EIA Guidelines - 2050). Based on impact
ranking, their respective mitigation measures were proposed.
Table 1-3: Impact Ranking Matrix as per National EIA Guidelines - 2050
Magnitu Scor Extent Scor Duration Sco Significance Score
de e e re
Insignificant
High 60 Regional 60 Long Term 20 <44
Impact
Moderat Medium
20 Local 20 10 Significant Impact 45-74
e Term
Site Very Significant
Low 10 10 Short Term 05 >75
Specific Impact
8. Report Preparation:
The draft report was prepared after incorporating all the comments and
suggestions obtained from local stakeholders based on field assessment,
impact identification, prediction and evaluation.
9. Disclosure of ESMP Report:
The final ESMP report will be disclosed on NEA and EIB’s web portal. At affected
local level, ESMP reports will be shared with concerned local level (municipality)
along with Ward office for disclosure to the authorities and stakeholders.
1.7 Classification of Impact Area

The National Environment Impact Assessment Guidelines (GoN, 2050) has
defined the “Core Project Area”, and "Surrounding Project Area" based on
proximity and magnitude of the impacts due to construction and operation of the
proposed project. For the scope of this ESMP impact area has been classified as:
Core Project Area: Core Project Area (CPA) refers to the permanent and
temporary land used for the proposed Subproject construction activities.
CPA is considered the project footprint area and is highly impacted.
Surrounding Project Area: Immediate vicinity of the project footprint location
of the proposed Subproject site is considered the Surrounding Project Area
(SPA). SPA is considered a moderate and indirect impact area. For this
Subproject, whole area of the concerned Ward is defined as SPA.
supply of essential goods and services, issuing letter of recommendation and certifying various documents related to personal
incidents, land, house, citizenship, etc.

2. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
2.1 Physical Environment
1. Topography, Geomorphology and Land Use
The Subproject area is located in the Southwestern region at the foothill of the
Chure region in Parasi District of Lumbini Province. It is situated at 27°31'0.35"N
latitude, and 83°36'9.32"E longitude, with an elevation of 111 meters above
mean sea level (amsl).
Geomorphologically, the area is located in depressed land in the flat Terai

Region, which is made up of sediments of Quaternary to Recent deposit. A
seasonal river (Turiya Khola) flowing towards the South surrounds the Substation
area from North and West sides while Parasi road passes through the Southern
side. There is agricultural land on the Eastern side.
2. Erosion from Flooding

According to the flood vulnerability classification of Parasi District, the proposed
Subproject area comes under the moderate flood vulnerability region 4.
Figure 2-6: Proposed Site, and Nearby Hydrological Feature
The adjoining seasonal river Turiya Khola is meandering and seasonal in nature.
The proposed site is depressed with respect to Turiya Khola and the road.
Therefore, there is a high chance of flooding during the monsoon.
3. Climatic Condition
The proposed Subproject area belongs to the lower-tropical climatic zone. As
there is no meteorological station within the Subproject area, data recorded at
the nearest station, i.e., Bhairahawa Airport was taken as reference. The
minimum temperature recorded is 8.88 oC in January, while the maximum
4
https://un.info.np/Net/NeoDocs/View/6759, Retrieved on 29/05/2021.

temperature recorded is 36.86oC in April (DHM, 2021). The area receives the
highest rainfall in July. The summer monsoon is prevalent from May up to
September. The average rainfall is 1,566.65 mm.
4. Air and Water Quality, and Noise Level

The major air polluting sources recorded are industry emission, vehicular
emission and dust problem from plying of vehicles. Noise polluting sources noted
at the time of field study are similar with the air polluting sources. The air quality
of the CPA was found within the range of national ambient air quality standard
while average noise level at substation was found above noise quality standard.
Following table shows the real-time quality of air and noise level during field
study.
Table 2-4: Ambient Air and Noise Quality Parameter Measurement
Noise Level -UNI-T UT
Air Quality5-Temtop Airing-1000 PM
353 Mini Sound Meter
Locatio Detector (µg/m3)
(dB)
S n/
Average
N Chaina
PM Lev PM Lev Time of Measur Ref
ge Area
2.5 el 10 el Measurem ed .6
ent
Urban
1. Substati 63.
100
89.
200 1-hour 68.4 55 Residen
on 7 2
tial Area
Source: Field Visit, 2021
The water quality of the Turiya Khola (stream) was found to be within the limit of
acceptance for the aquatic life in the stream as per Nepal Water Quality
Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Ecosystem.
Table 2-5: Physical Parameter of Water of Turiya Khola

Floodin Distanc Parameter- EXTECH ExStik II DO600
Nam
g width e from Tem EC
S e p
DL/SS Left- River/ p. Re (µc/ Ref
N Rive Ref.7 H
Right Stream (oC) f. cm)- .
r
(m)
5.5
Turiy
1. Substatio Adjoinin <40o 6. - 150
a 35 32.1 912
n g C 1 9.0 0
Khola

5. Geology and Seismic Risks
The Subproject site is composed of Quaternary to Recent alluvium deposit. It
consists of alluvium boulders, gravels, sands and clays, which are loosely
deposited and uncemented.
5
National Indoor Air Quality Standard, 2009
6
National Ambient Sound Quality Standard, 2012
7
Nepal Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Ecosystem, 2019

Figure 2-7: Geological Map of Proposed Project8

The seismic hazard map shows that the horizontal seismicity coefficient of the
Subproject area is 100gal, which is equal to 0.06g. The seismic information
shows that the site is less susceptible to earthquake hazard.
Proposed
Site
Figure 2-8: Seismic Hazard Map of Nepal Showing Proposed Project Site 9
6. Solid Waste Management
The proposed Substation lies in semi-urban area. The waste was found littered in
front of houses, shops and business area near substation and Ramgram Bazar
8
Department of Survey (DoS) 2020
9
Department of Mines, and Geology, http://seismonepal.gov.np/publications, Retrieved on 2078/03/06(6/20/2021)

areas. The nature of waste comprised of plastics (bottles, bags and packaging),
textiles, and metal cans. Organic waste was observed littered in few areas.
People nearby the substation area have been practicing decomposition of
biodegradable waste within the household premises. They sell the recyclable
waste (for large quantity) to the scrap collector.
2.2 Biological Environment

The Subproject lies in lower tropical bioclimatic zone (less than 500amsl). The
proposed Subproject site does not lie within any protected areas and ecologically
sensitive areas. The site is 26.40Km far from the nearest protected area, i.e.,
Chitwan National Park.
Figure 2-9: Location of Subproject area with respect to Nearby Protected Areas
During field visit, ten species of birds were recorded at project site, and its
peripheral area.
Table 2-6: List of Birds recorded within the Project Area
S.N Common/ Local
Scientific Name GoN IUCN CITES
. Name
1. Ghar Kaag (House Corvus splendens LC
Crow)
2. Dangre (Jungle Myna) Acridotheres fuscus LC
3. Gauthali (Swallow) Hirundo rustica LC
4. Dhukur (Spotted Dove) Streptopelia chinensis LC
5. Chil (Black Kite) Milvus migrans LC II
6. Bhangera (House Passer domesticus LC
sparrow)
7. Jureli (Black Bulbul) Hypsipetes LC
leucocephalus

S.N Common/ Local
. Name
8. Suga (Rose-ringed Psittacula krameri LC
parakeet)
9. Fisto (Common Orthotomus sutorius LC
tailorbird)
10. Parewa (Pigeon) Columba livia LC
Note: Least Concern (LC)
A total of seven species of herpetofauna were recorded during field visit, which
includes five species of reptiles, and two species of amphibian.
Table 2-7: List of Herpetofauna Found in the Project Area
S.N Common/ Local
. Name
1. Karet sarpa Bungarus caeruleus LC
(Common Krait)
2. Chhipkali (Common Hemidactylus frenatus LC
House Gecko)
3. Goman (Indian Naja naja LC
II
Cobra)
4. Chheparo (Oriental Calotes versicolor LC
Garden Lizard)
5. Paani sarpa/ Xenochrophis LC
Water Snake sanctijohannis
6. Bhyaguta (Asian Duttaphrynus
LC
Common Toad) melanostictus
7. Bhyaguta (Indian Hoplobatrachus LC II
Bullfrog) tigerinus
Note: Least Concern (LC), and Appendix II lists species that are not necessarily now
threatened with extinction but that may become so unless trade is closely controlled.
2.3 Socio-Economic, and Cultural Environment

The Subproject site lies in Ward 16 of Ramgram Municipality. According to the
municipal profile of Ramgram Municipality 10, total population of this municipality
is 59,455 living in 10,855 households. Total male population is 29,132, and
female population is 30,323. The population density of this municipality is 825
per sq. Km. The total population of Ward 16 is 6,627 among which 3,185 are
male, and 3,442 are female living in 1,096 households. The majority ethnic
composition nearby the Subproject area are from Tharu/Chaudhary along with
Chhetri/Brahmin. Similarly, the main occupation of people in the area is
agriculture based with nearly 80% contribution followed by small trade and
business/enterprises and services.
The major health issues found are headache, Backache, Upper Respiratory Tract
Infection (URTI), Presumed Non-Infectious Diarrhea, Fungal Infection, Gastritis,
10
https://ramgrammun.gov.np/en/node/40, Retrieved on 2077/01/21 (04/05/2021).

ARI/Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI), Refractive Error, Conjunctivitis, and
cataract. The nearest and easily accessible health facility is at Bhairahawa
located at 23–30 minutes driving distance.
The Substation area is under NEA entitlement and it does not consist of private
or public property, which needs relocation. Nevertheless, still, previous
titleholders (from whom NEA purchased the land) are cultivating the land. There
will be chance of loss of agricultural crops. However, the users have agreed to
stop cultivating crops (Table 1-2 and ANNEX 6) once the Substation construction
starts. The physical activities proposed for the Subproject (substation)
construction will not require land acquisition and resettlement.
3. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS, AND

MITIGATION MEASURES
This chapter identifies the possible environmental and social impacts in the
Subproject site that will arise during the construction and operation phase. All
the relevant environmental and social impacts associated with this Subproject
are sequentially illustrated in subsequent sub-headings along with their
mitigation measures.
3.1 Beneficial Impacts

A. Construction Phase
1. Increased Economic Opportunities for Local People
Impacts
Altogether, about 41 people (2 Engineer, 4 Supervisor, 5 Foreman, 5 Skilled
Lineman/Electrician, 15 Labor and 10 Helper) will be deployed in the normal day
basis during construction phase for construction of 33/11kV substation over the
implementation period of 24 months. It will create employment for local people
as well. Working together with technical experts, local people will be able to
enhance their technical skills in construction work. The construction activities
require different construction materials like aggregate, sand, cement,
steel, etc., which can be supplied from local market.
Impact Rating: Very Significant (Table 3-1)
Augmentation Measures
• While employing work force, local people within the Subproject area will
be given priority based on qualification and skills.
• The construction material, if available, shall be brought from the locally
available legally operating market near Ramgram.
B. Operation Phase
1. Enhancement in Rural Electrification
Impacts
Intermittent tripping and voltage drop problem nearby the area will be reduced.
The local economy will benefit through improved reliability of electricity supply,

which is a necessary condition for economic growth. Different industries
within/nearby the proposed subproject area will be established. It will promote
the use of new types of home appliances, use of electric motors for irrigation,
and establishment of small and large industries.
• Proper and timely maintenance of the Substation will be done to maintain
reliable power supply.
2. Reduction in Green House Gas (GHG) emissions

Impacts
Net Green House Gas (GHG) emissions resulting from the subproject area are
expected to decrease as the distribution lines will improve and expand electricity
supply which will trigger change in energy use pattern to electricity from GHG
emitting traditional sources like Guitha (made from cow dung), firewood and
timber along with Kerosene for cooking/lighting, heating and diesel for water
pumping.
• Proper and timely maintenance of the Substation will be done to maintain
reliable power supply so that people will keep continuing the use of
electricity.
3.2 Potential Adverse Impacts

1. Physical Environment
1. Impact due to Erosion from Flooding
Impacts
The proposed site lies adjoining Turiya Khola, is depressed and shall be filled up
as part of ground preparation for construction. The site is susceptible to high
erosion from flooding during the rainy season as it might erode the surface layer
of filled spoil.
Impact Rating: Insignificant (Table 3-1)
Mitigation/Enhancement Measures
• A boundary wall will be constructed before filling the depressed area up
with spoil. This will also help in restricting river floods entering into the
substation area during the monsoon season.
• Adequate site drainage system along Parasi Road side will be constructed
around stockpiled materials, campsites and the foundation work area.
• Embankment management in Turiya Khola along Substation boundary.
• Spoil filled within the substation boundary will be compacted through
simultaneous sprinkling of water and compaction from the roller.
2. Impact due to Air and Noise Pollution
Impacts
The impact on air quality during the construction period is expected to be
insignificant, as site clearance, excavation, haphazard stockpiling of construction
materials, waste burning at campsites and equipment installation are localized
and short term. Transportation of the materials and movement of construction

crews and equipment will cause minor impact on air quality. Construction-related
noise will be limited to vehicular movement and inside-the-fence construction
activities at substation sites; construction related noise is not expected to
exceed acceptable levels.
• Contractors’ vehicles and equipment should meet Nepali vehicle emissions
standards.
• Dust emission will be controlled with water sprays on earthen roads
nearby settlements in substation area.
• Open burning of wastes should be strictly prohibited.
• Construction workers should use face masks at all times.
• All dust generating loads carried in open trucks should be covered.
• Contractors shall monitor noise during the construction as well as use the
standard construction equipment.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earplugs, earmuffs, etc. shall
be provided to the workers in high noise areas.
3. Impact due to Spoil Filling

Impacts
As substation ground level is very low, filling of spoil will be necessary in huge
quantity i.e., nearly 85,203 cum. This might cause adverse impact to the nearby
receiver environment if not properly managed.

• Spoil required for filling will be purchased from the nearby authorized
burrowing sites under local government.
• Spoil shall be covered with tarpaulin while transporting from borrowing
areas to the substation.
• Simultaneous water sprinkling and compaction of spoil shall be done using
the roller.
4. Impact due to Solid Waste

Impacts
The waste generated during construction within the subproject area are cement
bags, iron bars, and other leftover construction materials, and waste generated
in the labor camp. Biodegradable wastes generated from labor camp may give
foul smell, and attract rodents. It will cause adverse impact, if not properly
managed.
• Source segregation of organic and inorganic wastes in different storage
areas or facilities in the designated location shall be done.
• Waste generated from the campsite shall be properly managed without
littering to nearby Turiya Khola, and other open ground outside the
substation boundary.
• The biodegradable waste generated from the campsite shall be managed
through constructing a ground pit, and covered by the sufficient thick
layer of soil on daily basis.
• Reusable waste like debris, broken brick pieces, sand, stone, waste
cement, and sand mix shall be used as refills for making ground leveling.
• The packing materials used for casing components should be recyclable,
and non-hazardous.
• Recyclable wastes like left out/non-usable reinforcement bars and packing
materials shall be sent or sold to scrap vendors.
• Chemical waste generated from transformer shall be collected in leakage
proof, corrosion free, and specially designed container and sealed
carefully.
• Effective coordination shall be done with local level government for proper
waste management during construction period.
B. Operation Phase
1. Issues Related to Electric and Fire Hazard
Impacts
Employees performing servicing or maintenance of substations may be exposed
to electric shock, burns and injuries from unexpected energization or release of
energy stored in the equipment.
Impact Rating: Significant (Table 3-1)
• Shutdown shall be taken during maintenance work.
• Use of insulation, guarding, grounding, electrical protective devices, and
safe work practices is advised.
• Boundary walls and security fences around substation are must to prevent
unauthorized access.

• Only trained and authorized personnel shall be allowed for electrical
works.
• Warning signs shall be installed.

2. Biological Environment
The proposed Subproject avoids the forestland or other sensitive biodiversity
areas. Hence, there will be no significant impact to biological environment
because of construction of substation in the area.
1. Loss of Habitat
Impacts
No loss of forest or significant impact on biodiversity is expected.
• No specific mitigation measures necessary.
B. Operation Phase
1. Bird Electrocution and Collision
Impacts
The Subproject area is located in semi-urban area and there is no presence of
important habitat of avian fauna. Although the electrocution can cause a risk to
bird species which perch on power line infrastructures (Substation).
• Provision of bird guards above the poles and white spirals in the
conductors to improve visibility (refer to ANNEX 1 for sample pictures).
3. Socio-Economic, and Cultural Environment

The anticipated impacts on the socio-economic and cultural environment
associated with the Subproject are discussed below:
1. Impacts Associated with Transformation of Land
Impacts
The Subproject requires about 2.565ha of land for the placement of the
substation. The land belongs to NEA. The construction activities of the subproject
will not involve any private land instead could loss the standing crops cultivated
by the previous land users. There will be no land acquisition, and thus no
resettlement issues.
• Proper demarcation of the Substation area shall be done before initiating
construction activities to avoid potential conflict with local people.
• Advance notice of three month will be provided to users’ to harvest their
crops.
• Loss compensation of standing crops will be provided based on market
rate.
• Special assistance for income restoration activities will be conducted.
2. Issues Related to Child Labor and Gender
Impacts
During the Subproject construction, people will be employed on daily/monthly
wages for excavation, transportation of construction materials, and other
construction-related works. There might be discrimination on women and
vulnerable groups while hiring the worker and they might be provided less wage

than men might have. Contractors might use child labor for the shake of
economic benefits. This is harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, moral
or social development. There is a chance that children, woman and socially
backward communities are exploited.
Impact Rating: Very significant (Table 3-1)
• Provide equal wage to male and female for similar nature of work
• People from socially backward community should be given priority
• Restrict use of children below 16 years of age in labor work (or as per
government and ILO guidelines).
• Provide gender friendly construction environment with separate cabins
and toilet for women in the camp.
• Suitable work assignment for women.
3. Socially Undesirable Activities

The workers may use alcohol and other forms of intoxication, gambling, quarrel
with locals, disrespect local culture and religion, and may promote socially
undesirable activities in and around the project area.
• Organization of awareness programs on gender based violence risks for
the Subproject workers.
• Restrict movement of workers out of camp after certain hours in the night
time.
• Restrict use of alcohol and gambling in the camp.
• Supply water, daily consumable items, communication facility in the camp
so as not to create additional pressure on the local services
• Orient workers to show respect to local tradition and culture;
• Prepare a code of conduct for all project staff, orient them and monitor
that these are effectively followed by all;
• Assign a Community Liaison Officer (CLO) by the project to keep close and
regular consultation and coordination with local communities;
• Regular monitoring of worker’s behavior and take appropriate actions
against rule violators.
4. Occupational Hazards and Safety

Impacts
Occupational health hazard and safety of staff is a major issue during the
construction period. Primary victims are the construction workers. In addition,
the pedestrian might also be injured.
Impact Rating: Very significant (Table 3-1)
• Contractor shall prepare the Environmental, Health and Safety plan and
take approval from the Client before implementation. Safety officer should
be employed during construction period.
• All employees shall be provided with necessary training, and safety
equipment as required for their responsibilities and duties. The Contractor
will adhere to labor Act 2074 and Labor Rules 2075.
• The basic facilities of drinking water, sanitation & clean resting place,
canteen, and first aid are required for the campsite.
• All the workers shall have health insurance over the period of construction.

• Installation of warning signs (High Voltage, Fire Safety Signs, and
Emergency Signs) as shown in Annex-9.
• NEA will be responsible to supervise the EHS performance of the
construction Contractor, and workers health and safety.
B. Operation Phase
1. Hazards and Safety
Impacts
Employees working in operation and maintenance of the electric components
might get exposed to electric shock, electrocution, fires and explosions.
Impact Rating: Significant (Table 3-1)
• There will be the use of insulation, guarding, grounding, electrical
protective devices, and industry-standard safe work practices.
• Boundary walls and / or security fences around substations to prevent
unauthorized access.
• Only trained and authorized personnel will be allowed for the electrical
works.
• Establishment of warning signs.
• Shutdown shall be taken during work on DL route.
2. Electric and Magnetic Field Effect

Electric power distribution lines create electric and magnetic field together,
referred to as electromagnetic fields (EMF). Electrical flux density declines in
inverse proportion to the square of the distance and magnetic fields decline in
inverse proportion to the cube of the distance; there will be no impact outside of
the substation boundaries11. Research on the long-term effects of EMF
associated with distribution lines is inconclusive with respect to health risks. As
noted in the World Bank EHS guidelines for transmission and distribution
systems, there is no empirical data demonstrating adverse health effects from
exposure to typical EMF levels from power transmissions lines and equipment.
11
E.g., at a distance of 10 meters from a single distribution line or conductor, electrical flux density drops to 1%
of the field strength at a distance of 1 meter from the conductor: 1/ (10*10) = 1%. Likewise, the magnetic field
drops to 0.1% of the field strength at the conductor: 1/ (10*10*10) = 0.1%.


Table 3-8: Impact Identification and Evaluation Matrix
Impact Rating
S.N
Issues Impacts Natu Magnitu Exte Durati Ratin
.
re de nt on g
3.1 Beneficial Impacts
A Construction Phase
41 people (2 Engineer, 4 Supervisor, 5 Foreman, 5 Skilled
Lineman/Electrician, 15 Labor and 10 Helper) will be
deployed in a normal day during construction phase for
Increased Economic
the construction of 33/11kV substation over the VSI
1 Opportunities for D H (60) L (20) ST (05)
implementation period of 24 months. (85)
Local People
The construction activities require different construction
materials like aggregate, sand, cement, steel, etc., which
can be supplied from local market.
B Operation Phase
The local economy will benefit through improved reliability
Enhancement in Rural VSI
1 of electricity supply, which is a necessary condition for I H (60) L (20) ST (05)
Electrification (85)
economic growth.
Net Green House Gas (GHG) emissions resulting from the
Reduction in Green subproject area are expected to decrease as the
VSI
2 House Gas (GHG) construction of distribution lines will improve and expand I H (60) L (20) LT (20)
(100)
emissions electricity supply which will help reduce the use of fossil
fuels.
3.2 Adverse Impacts
1 Physical Environment
The proposed site adjoining to Turiya Khola, is depressed
and shall be filled up as part of ground preparation for
Impact due to Erosion SS
1 construction. The site is susceptible to high erosion from I M (20) ST (05) II (35)
from Flooding (10)
flooding during the rainy season, which might erode the
surface layer of filled spoil.
2 Impact due to Air, Construction activities such as site clearance, ground D L (10) SS ST (05) II (25)
and Noise Pollution leveling, excavation of the building foundation, spoil

Impact Rating
S.N
.
re de nt on g
management work, waste burning, haphazard stockpiling
of construction materials, vehicular movement will (10)
generate dust, emission and noise.
As substation ground level is very low, filling of spoil will
Impact due to Spoil be necessary in huge quantity i.e., nearly 85,203 cum. SS
3 D L (10) ST (05) II (25)
Filling This might cause adverse impact to the nearby receiver (10)
environment if not properly managed.
The waste generated during construction within the
subproject area are cement bags, iron bars, and other
Impact due to Solid SS
4 leftover construction materials, and waste generated in D L (10) ST (05) II (25)
Waste (10)
the labor camp. Biodegradable wastes generated from
labor camp may give foul smell, and attract rodents.
B Operation Phase
Employees servicing or maintaining the substation may be
Issues Related to
exposed to electric shock, burns and injuries from SS SI
1 Electric and Fire I M (20) LT (20)
unexpected energization or release of energy stored in (10) (50)
Hazard
the equipment.
1 Biological Environment
No loss of forest or significant impact on biodiversity is SS
1 Loss of Habitat D L (10) ST (05) II (25)
expected. (10)
B Operation Phase
Habitat of any avian fauna is not identified. However, the
Bird Electrocution and SS
1 electrocution can cause a risk to bird species which perch I L (10) LT (10) II (30)
Collision (10)
on power line infrastructures (Substation).
1 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment
1 Impacts Associated The Subproject requires about 2.565 ha of land for the D M (20) SS ST (05) II (35)
with Transformation placement of the substation. Standing crops might be (10)

Impact Rating
S.N
.
re de nt on g
of Land affected from Subproject construction.
Issues Related to Potential discrimination against women and vulnerable
SS VSI
2 Child Labor and groups while hiring the worker, not providing minimum D H (60) ST (05)
(10) (75)
Gender wages, and potential use of child labor.
The workers may use alcohol and other forms of
Socially Undesirable intoxication, gambling, quarrel with locals, disrespect local SS
3 I L (10) ST (05) II (25)
Activities culture and religion, and may promote socially (10)
undesirable activities in and around the project area.
Occupational Hazards Occupational health hazard and safety of staff is a major SS VSI
4 D H (60) ST (05)
and Safety issue during the construction period. (10) (75)
B Operation Phase
Employees working in operation and maintenance of the
SS SI
1 Hazards and Safety electric components might be exposed to electric shock, D M (20) LT (20)
(10) (50)
electrocution, fires and explosions.
Electric power distribution lines create electric and
Electric and Magnetic SS
2 magnetic field together, referred to as electromagnetic I L (10) LT (20) II (40)
Field Effect (10)
fields (EMF).
Note: Direct (D), Indirect (I), High (H), Moderate (M), Low (L), Regional (R), Local (L), Site Specific (SS), Long Term (LT), Medium Term
(MT), Short Term (ST), Insignificant Impact (II), Significant Impact (SI), Very Significant Impact (VSI)

3.3 Management Specifications for the Construction and Operational

Phases
The overall Environmental and Social Management Plan of the subproject along
with mitigation and management measures is presented in table below. This
ESMP will be implemented in three stages: (i) pre-construction (ii) construction,
and (iii) operations and maintenance. This ESMP is a living document and will be
updated and modified under the supervision of Environmental and Social
Management Unit (ESMU) of the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) as necessary
based on field conditions, construction Contractor’s performance, and
stakeholders’ feedback.

Table 3-9: Construction and Operational Management Specifications
Institutional
Environmental Mitigation Costs Responsibility
Mitigation and Management Measures
Issues (NRs.) Implementat Supervisi
ion on
1. Beneficial Augmentation Measures
1. Increased
Economic • Local people within the Subproject area will be prioritized Embedded within
Opportunitie based on qualification and skills. Construction NEA/PIU
Contract
s for Local • Construction materials, if available, shall be bought from the Contractor (DSUEP)
Document
People locally available legally operating market near Ramgram.
B. Operation Phase
NEA
Transmission
1. Enhancemen Operations
t in Rural • Proper and timely maintenance of the Substation will be done
- units and -
Electrificatio to maintain reliable power supply.
Distribution
n
Service
Center(s)
2. Reduction in
Green House • Proper and timely maintenance of the Substation will be done
NEA/PIU
Gas (GHG) to maintain reliable power supply so that people can continue - -
(DSUEP)
emissions the use of electricity.
2. Adverse Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures

1. Physical Environment
1. Impact due • A boundary wall will be constructed before filling the depressed Embedded within Construction NEA/PIU
to Erosion area up with spoil. This will also help in restricting river floods Contract Contractor (DSUEP)
from entering into the substation area during the monsoon season. Document
Flooding • Adequate site drainage system along Parasi Road side will be including
constructed around stockpiled materials, campsites and the

Institutional
ion on
* Drainage canal
foundation work area. construction along
• Embankment management in Turiya Khola along Substation Parasi Road in
boundary. Subproject foot
• Spoil filled within the substation boundary will be compacted print area and
through simultaneous sprinkling of water and compaction from embankment
the roller. management
work-14,00,000.00
* Air Quality
Monitoring-
• Contractors’ vehicles and equipment should meet Nepali
vehicle emissions standards. 1,50,000.00
• Dust emission will be controlled with water sprays on earthen * Sprinkling Water
roads nearby settlements in substation area. (Dust
• Open burning of wastes should be strictly prohibited. Management)
2. Impact due
• Construction workers should use face masks at all times. 3,00,000.00 Construction NEA/PIU
to Air and
• All dust generating loads carried in open trucks should be * Noise Level Contractor (DSUEP)
Noise
covered. Monitoring:
Pollution
• Contractors shall monitor noise during the construction as well 50,000.00
as use the standard construction equipment. * Provision of PPE
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earplugs, and other cost will
earmuffs, etc. shall be provided to the workers in high noise be embedded
areas. within Contract
Document
3. Impact due • Spoil required for filling will be purchased from the nearby Embedded within Construction NEA/PIU
to Spoil authorized burrowing sites under local government. Contract Contractor (DSUEP)
Filling • Spoil shall be covered with tarpaulin while transporting from Document and
borrowing areas to the substation. Ramgram
• Simultaneous water sprinkling and compaction of spoil shall be Municipalit
done using the roller.

Institutional
ion on
y
• Source segregation of organic and inorganic wastes in different

storage areas or facilities in the designated location shall be
done.
• Waste generated from the campsite shall be properly managed
without littering to nearby Turiya Khola, and other open ground
outside the substation boundary.
• The biodegradable waste generated from the campsite shall be
managed through constructing a ground pit, and covered by Solid Wastes NEA/PIU
the sufficient thick layer of soil on daily basis. Management: (DSUEP)
• Reusable waste like debris, broken brick pieces, sand, stone, 1,00,000.00 and
4. Impact due Construction and
waste cement, and sand mix shall be used as refills for making
to Solid other cost will be Contractor Ramgram
ground leveling.
Waste embedded within Municipalit
• The packing materials used for casing components should be
Contract y
recyclable, and non-hazardous.
• Recyclable wastes like left out/non-usable reinforcement bars Document
and packing materials shall be sent or sold to scrap vendors.
• Chemical waste generated from transformer shall be collected
in leakage proof, corrosion free, specially designed container
and sealed carefully.
• Effective coordination shall be done with local level
government for proper waste management during construction
period.
B. Operation Phase
1. Issues • Shutdown shall be taken during maintenance work. - NEA NEA
Related to • Use of insulation, guarding, grounding, electrical protective Transmission
Electric and devices, and safe work practices is advised. Operations
Fire Hazard • Boundary walls and security fences around substation are must units and
to prevent unauthorized access. Distribution
• Only trained and authorized personnel shall be allowed for Service

Institutional
ion on
electrical works. Center(s)
• Warning signs shall be installed.
2. Biological Environment
1. Loss of Construction NEA/PIU
• No specific mitigation measures necessary. -
Habitat Contractor (DSUEP)
B. Operation Phase
NEA
Transmission
1. Bird • Provision of bird guards above the poles and white spirals in Embedded within Operations
Electrocution the conductors to improve visibility (ANNEX 1). Contract units and NEA
and Collision Document Distribution
Service
Center(s)
3. Socio-Economic, and Cultural Environment
• Proper demarcation of the Substation area shall be done before
initiating construction activities so as to avoid potential conflict NEA/PIU
1. Impacts with local people. (DSUEP)
Associated • Advance notice of three month will be provided to users’ to Embedded within Construction and
with harvest their crops. Contract Contractor Ramgram
Transformati • Loss compensation of standing crops will be provided based on Document Municipalit
on of Land market rate. y
• Special assistance for income restoration activities will be
conducted.
2. Issues • Provide equal wage to male and female for similar nature of Embedded within Construction NEA/PIU
Related to work Contract Contractor (DSUEP)
Child Labor • People from socially backward community should be given Document and
and Gender priority Ramgram
• Restrict use of children below 16 years of age in labor work (or

Institutional
ion on
as per government and ILO guidelines).
Municipalit
• Provide female friendly construction environment with separate
y
cabins and toilet for women in the camp.
• Suitable work assignment for women.
• Organization of awareness programs on gender based violence
risks for the Subproject workers.
• Restrict movement of workers out of camp after certain hours
in the night time.
• Restrict use of alcohol and gambling in the camp.
• Supply water, daily consumable items, communication facility
in the camp so as not to create additional pressure on the local
3. Socially Construction NEA/PIU
services
Undesirable - Contractor (DSUEP)
• Orient workers to show respect to local tradition and culture;
Activities
• Prepare a code of conduct for all project staff, orient them and
monitor that these are effectively followed by all;
• Assign a Community Liaison Officer (CLO) by the project to
keep close and regular consultation and coordination with local
communities;
• Regular monitoring of worker’s behavior and take appropriate
actions against rule violators.
4. Occupational • Contractor shall prepare the Environmental, Health and Safety * EHS Awareness Construction NEA/PIU
Hazard and plan (ANNEX 8) and take approval from the Client before Trainings: Contractor (DSUEP)
Safety implementation. Safety officer should be employed during 1,50,000.00 and
construction period. other cost will be
• All employees shall be provided with the necessary training, embedded within
and safety equipment as required for their responsibilities and
Contract
duties. The Contractor will adhere to labor Act 2074 and Labor
Rules 2075. Document
• Basic facilities of drinking water, sanitation & clean resting
place, canteen, and first aid are required for the campsite.
• All the workers shall have health insurance over the period of

Institutional
ion on
construction.
• Installation of warning signs (High Voltage, Fire Safety Signs,
and Emergency Signs) (ANNEX 9).
• NEA will be responsible to supervise the EHS performance of
the construction Contractor, and workers health and safety.
B. Operation Phase
• Use of insulation, guarding, grounding, electrical protective NEA
devices, and industry-standard safe work practices. Transmission
• Boundary walls and / or security fences around substations to Operations
1. Health and prevent unauthorized access.
- units and NEA
Safety • Only trained and authorized personnel will be allowed for the
Distribution
electrical works.
Service
• Establishment of warning signs.
• Shutdown shall be taken during work on DL route. Center(s)
Note: The provision of environment and social management cost should be included in the project cost making each item
visible in BOQ of bidding document for the safeguard compliance by the construction contractor.

3.4 Livelihood Support Activities

The majority of community people living outside of footprint area (SPA) are from
Tharu/Chaudhary with Chhetri/Brahmin (Terai). There are 23 land plots under the
name of 15 owners/users family who have transferred the ownership of their land
to NEA (ANNEX 2). Following table shows the livelihood support activities for the
users affected by the Subproject.
Table 3-10: Livelihood Support Activities
Responsibl
e for the
Who is Delivery of
Type of Loss Scope Entitlement Remarks
Entitled the
Entitlemen
t
Support At least one-person
for land from each affected
owners user (households if
(household interested) will be The
s) loosing considered for NEA/PIU
income income generating and PSC
Special sources vocational training will
Training cost
A. Income assistance based on and skill facilitate to
will be
Restoration for income agriculture improvement this
addressed
Activities restoration at options as per their support for
by NEA
activities Subproject choice expressed organizing
footprint during consultation skill
area and (such as, building developme
other electricians and nt training.
people tailoring training)
from SPA and the people from
area SPA area
One-time financial
The
Household assistance
Land users NEA/PIU
income equivalent to 9012
B. Additional (household Assistance and
affected as days of wage to be
assistance s) cost will be PSC will
a result of computed based on
to land cultivating addressed ensure
Subproject district wage rates
users agricultura by NEA timely
constructio for each landowner
l crops payment to
n under special
the users
assistance.
The
NEA/PIU
will ensure
that the
Advance notice of Cash payment of
three month to be compensatio compensat
provided to users’ to n based on ion is made
Land harvest their crops. the crops prior to
C. Loss of acquired for loss types constructio
Land
Standing a and market n of
Owner/ Cash compensation
Agricultural Subproject rates Subproject.
Users for loss of
Crops related
activity agricultural crops at
current market NEA will PSC will
value of crops (if address all facilitate
destroyed) the cost. for this loss
estimation
and
procedural
works
12
NEA, 2019: Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for Distribution System Upgrade &
Expansion Project (DSUEP), Kathmandu, Nepal; “Annexure 3 Entitlement Matrices”.

Table 3-11: Crop Loss Estimation from Area Affected for Cultivation and Estimated
Production
Area
Area Productiv Productiv Three
in Rate/
Municipali in ity Per ity Per Seasons Amount
Hecta Kg
ty Katth Kattha Hectare Production (NRs.)
re (NRs.)
a (Kg.) (Kg.) (Kg.)
(ha)
Ramgram
75.75 2,208,870.0
Municipalit 2.565 90.000 2,657.700 20,452.500 108.00
0 0
y
75.7 2,657.70 108.0 2,208,870.
Total 2.565 90.000 20,452.500
50 0 0 00

3.5 Institutional Arrangement

The Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation (MoEWRI) is responsible
for planning and execution of the plans for the overall development of water and
energy sector in Nepal. Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) under MoEWRI is the
responsible agency for the implementation of the DSUEP. The project comes
under Distribution and Consumer Services Directorate (DCSD) of NEA. Project
Implementation Unit (PIU) under DSUEP is the implementing unit of the project.
Environment and Social Management Unit will be within PIU. All the resources
needed for the EMP implementation for the construction and operation phase will
be provided by the PIU. The site offices under PIU will have the supervision
consultant with environmental and social safeguard specialist, who will be
responsible for compliance monitoring during the construction phase. S/he will
also provide technical support in preparing the monitoring report.
Figure 3-10: Institutional Arrangement for Environmental and Social

Management
Source: ESMF-DSUEP
Contractor shall have the main responsibility to ensure the compliance. The
Contractor shall prepare an Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) report that
would be approved by DSUEP before field mobilization. They need to strictly
follow the EHS plan requirements. Contractor shall urgently comply with
corrective actions for any noncompliance as instructed by PIU. The ESMU of PIU
will provide safeguard and ESMP compliance orientation to all environment
monitors and safeguard team of the Contractor.

3.6 Grievance Redress Mechanism
The Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) has been established to receive,
evaluate, and facilitate the resolution of affected people’s concerns, complaints,
and grievances about the social and environmental related issues at the
subproject level. The GRM is designed to be simple, transparent and responsive.
GRM shall address only the concerns arising due to the project implementation
activities, mainly during construction stage.
This process entails the concerned party submitting a grievance either in-person,
or via phone, letter, or email to the Site-Engineer or the concerned Municipality
Chief or the concerned Ward Chair. The Site-Engineer will record such complaint.
In cases where Ward Chair has received such grievance, s/he should forward the
grievance to the Site-Engineer. The Site-Engineer shall notify the committee
members of Tier-I and arrange meeting to resolve the received grievances. If not
resolved, such grievances will be forwarded to Tier II and Tier III. The three level
of GRM will work on time-bound schedules as mentioned in Table 3-12. The
Subproject will hold regular meetings for Tier-I, to follow up if any grievances are
received or not and to resolve the grievances received and update its status to
PIU. Figure 3-11 describes the Workflow Diagram of GRM for the Subprojects.

Table 3-12: Levels of Grievance Redress Mechanism
Provision Levels of Grievance Redress Mechanism
s First Level (Tier-I) Second Level (Tier-II) Third Level (Tier-III)
Project Manager Office (PMO)
Level Local Level headed by the Project Manager (PM) District Level
at Project Implementation Unit (PIU)
Supervis
NEA Site-Engineer PMO Chief District Officer (CDO)
ory
Chief/Mayor of Concerned Local PMO, affected persons, representative from
Level and Chairperson/ Rural Municipality/Municipality, Site-Engineer,
Representative of Ward, PSC’s Social Expert.
Assistanc NEA Site-Engineer and PSC’s Social
Construction Contractor’s (CC) If deemed necessary, representative from
e Expert, and Construction Contractor
Representative and Project Forest Office, representative from Land
Supervision Consultant’s (PSC) Revenue Office, and representative from Land
Safeguards Officer Survey Office are invited.
Days for
7 days of receipt of a complaints/ 15 days of complaints forwarded by
Resolving 15 days
grievance Site-Engineer
Complain
Committe Committee Designati
Designation Committee Member Committee Member Designation
e Member on
Members Ward Chair Coordinator Project Manager Coordinator Chief District Officer (CDO) Chair
Member Member
Site-Engineer-NEA Site-Engineer Project Manager Coordinator
secretary Secretary
Community
Mayor/ Chair of Member
Liaison Officer Member Member Site-Engineer
municipality Secretary
from PSC
Contractor Community Relations Municipality Chief/Ward
Member Member Member
engineer Manager from PSC Chair
Affected person
Community Relations
(one male and Member Contractor Engineer Member Member
Manager from PSC
one female)
Representative from
Women Member
affected people (at
of Ward Member Members Contractor Engineer Member
least 2, one male and
committee
one female)
One IP member (if Member Women Member of Member Representatives from Members
IPs are affected) Municipality affected people (at least 2,

Provision Levels of Grievance Redress Mechanism
s First Level (Tier-I) Second Level (Tier-II) Third Level (Tier-III)
committee one male and one female)
One IP member (if IPs Women Member of
Member Member
are affected) Municipality committee
One IP member (if IPs are
Member
affected)
Figure 3-11: Workflow Diagram for GRM from NEA13
Tier-I Tier-II Tier-III
13
Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) Prepared for the sub-projects financed by European Investment Bank (EIB) under Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion
Project (DSUEP), Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA), August 2021.

* Affected People (AP) have the right to refer the grievances to appropriate courts of law if not satisfied with the redress at
any stage of the process i.e., the AP will have the choice to approach country’s judicial system.

3.7 Compliance with Environmental Laws and Regulations

During the ESMP report preparatory phase, different legal instruments
(constitution, acts, policy, plan, rules and international conventions/agreements)
have been reviewed. Key provisions of those legal documents that might be
relevant to this project have been summarized in tabulated form and given in
ANNEX 10, which will guide the NEA, EIB, consultant and the construction
Contractor to effectively and efficiently implement ESMP maintaining the
international and national standard.

4. MONITORING AND REPORTING MECHANISM
4.1 Environmental and Social Monitoring

Environmental and Social Monitoring (ESM) is undertaken to collect
data/information of the Subproject environment and social aspect to assess the
compliance concerning regularity standards, planning documents, and
effectiveness of the implementation of Environmental and Social Protection
Measures recommended in ESMP. It involves the assessment of physical,
biological, and socioeconomic, and cultural variables associated with activities,
and stages. To ensure effective implementation of ESMP, PIU/NEA (DSUEP) and
Project Supervision Consultant (PSC) will be responsible for undertaking
monitoring the Subproject.
The main objectives of the environmental monitoring plan are listed below,
 To ensure that the Subproject baseline conditions were adequately
documented such that a comparative evaluation of the Subproject baseline
before, and after commencement of the Subproject could be made precisely
for impact evaluation.
 To ensure that the mitigation commitments by the NEA for the minimization
of adverse impacts, and enhance the beneficial impacts, and the mitigation
measures, and enhancement program are complied, and implemented in
time, and with sincerity.
 To confirm that the Subproject impacts are within the limits of the impact
prediction or not, and to minimize unpredicted impacts that occurred during
Subproject construction and operation.

Table 4-13: Environmental Monitoring Plan14
Environmen
S
tal Indicators Monitoring Methods Location Schedule Responsibility
N
Component
Budget
allocation for Review of Subproject
Once, during
1. implementati Budget heading and amount in documents, and records,
- pre- NEA/PIU (DSUEP)
on of figures in contract documents and inquires with
construction
mitigation Subproject staff
measures
Once, after
Job placement ToR, notice of Construction
2. Employment Appointment document, Project vacancy
vacancies published in local Contractor/
for Locals and job announcement area announceme
media/notice board NEA/PIU (DSUEP)
nt
Physical Environment
Construction
Early Contractor under
1. Alteration of Field observation, Meeting Substation Subproject the supervision
Demarcation of land for substation
Land minutes with stakeholders area Implementati of PIU Safeguard
on Phase Officers/Local
Level
Backfilling in excavated part after
Early Construction
construction, subsidence/sliding and
Stability and Subproject Contractor under
2. erosional evidence, damages to Direct Site Inspection and Project
Erosion Implementati the supervision
adjoining entities, pit hole and its records area
Issues on Phase and of PIU Technical
foundation materials compaction,
Monthly Team
design and working framework
Early Construction
Subproject Contractor under
3. Spoil Excavation and filling as per design, Observation, records and Constructio
Implementati the supervision
Management compaction and watering facility contract documents n site
on Phase and of PIU Safeguard
Monthly Officers
4. Air quality Emission and Dust around Subproject Observation, and taking Constructio Quarterly Construction
area, Foul smell, suspended records for spraying water n site Contractor under
particulate matter, State of vehicles and vehicle log book of the supervision
used maintenance work of PIU Safeguard
14
Nepal Electricity Authority 2019: Environment, and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for Distribution System Upgrade & Expansion Project (DSUEP), Kathmandu.

Environmen
S
N
Component
Officers
Construction
Observation, and Contractor under
5. Noise Noise level dB(A) of Construction Constructio
measurement using Quarterly the supervision
pollution vehicles and construction schedule n site
digital sound meter of PIU Safeguard
Officers
Construction
Contractor under
6. Water Pollution source, and physical Observation, and Constructio
Quarterly the supervision
quality parameter like Temp., pH and EC measurement n site
of PIU Safeguard
Officers
Construction
Solid waste segregation, collection
Contractor under
7. Solid Waste and management mechanism, Direct Site Observation Constructio
Quarterly the supervision
Management adherence to waste management and practices n site
of PIU Safeguard
practices
Officers
Evidence of workforce skill
8. Electric, and
development training, installation of Incident Record, and Constructio
Daily NEA
Fire Hazard warning signs, electrical, mechanical Direct Site Inspection n site
insulation, and guarding system
Biological Environment
1. Construction
Habitat Loss Not Applicable
Contractor
Preventive measures included Carcasses count to test
2. Project Every 3
Bird Collision
Subproject infrastructure, incidence the efficacy of NEA
area Month15
of an accident, and causes preventative measures
Social, and Cultural Environment
1. Subproject’s Number of land owners/users Notice from NEA/PIU for a Subproject Before and NEA/PIU and PSC
Assistance received assistance from NEA and call to users to receive Area during
people’s active participation during assistance (crop loss and construction
training program additional assistance) and phase
15
Bennun, L., van Bochove, J., Ng, C., Fletcher, C., Wilson, D., Phair, N., Carbone, G. (2021). Mitigating biodiversity impacts associated with solar, and wind energy
development. Guidelines for project developers. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, and Cambridge, UK: The Biodiversity Consultancy.
(https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2021-004-En.pdf)

Environmen
S
N
Component
associated documents,
training proposal, training
minutes/attendances,
receipts, photographs,
visual evidences
Number of workers from Subproject Weekly
Workers,
area, and its surrounding settlement, during
Labor Camp FGD with local people,
2. Basic facilities within the camps as Project construction; Construction
Location, Direct Site Inspection and
suggested in ESMP, and Inclusiveness area Monthly Contractor
and verification
of marginalized, and indigenous during
Management
groups people as workers operation
Engagement of child in any form
(direct/indirect or on/off-site), wage Direct Site Observation,
Construction
discrimination among male, and Direct Consultation with
Child, and Weekly/Daily Contractor under
3. female workers, basic facilities for the (Female) workers, Constructio
Gender as per nature the supervision
females as per recommended in Consultation with local n site
issues of indicator of PIU Safeguard
ESMP, psychological, and physical people nearby the
Officers
assault evidence (recorded/verbal Subproject area,
complain)
Daily during Construction
No. of toolbox talk/ safety orientation
Occupational construction, Contractor under
4. to workers, No. of accidents Direct Site Observation, Constructio
Hazard and Monthly the supervision
registered, use of the personal Official records n site
Safety during of PIU Safeguard
protective instrument by the workers
operation Officers
Committee formation records, GRC
Construction
Grievance Meeting minutes, issue settlement
5. Review of official records Project Contractor under
Redressing records on the campsite, Gender, Monthly
of GRC area the supervision
Mechanisms social, and others associated with
of PIU/PSC
Project.


4.2 ESMP Implementation and Monitoring Cost
The cost estimates for the ESMP are shown in Table 4-14. These estimates cover
the basic monitoring activities and the mitigation measures to be complied from
the contractor’s side. The ESMP cost estimated for this Subproject is NRs
71,18,870.00.
Table 4-14: ESMP Implementation and Monitoring Cost
Estimated Lump
SN Budget Items Sum Amount for
Monitoring (NRs)
1 Compliance with Environment Plan 3,00,000.00
1.1 Air Pollution Monitoring (at Substation) 1,50,000.00
1.2 Noise Pollution Monitoring (at Substation) 50,000.00
1.3 Water Quality Testing 1,00,000.00
Mitigation Measures and Compliance to
2 5,50,000.00
EHS Plan
Sprinkling of water, covering during
2.1 transportation and proper storage of 3,00,000.00
construction material
2.2 Segregation and management of Solid Waste 1,00,000.00
2.3 EHS Awareness raising trainings to the labors 1,50,000.00
Meeting of Safeguard Desk and Grievance
3 3,50,000.00
Redress Committee at Field Level
Income Restoration Activities (Skill
4 15,00,000.00
Development Training)
5 Additional Assistance Cost for Land Users16 8,10,000.00
Drainage system along Parasi Road and
6 14,00,000.00
embankment management in Turiya Khola
7 Crop Loss Compensation 22,08,870.00
Total 71,18,870.00
16
Calculated based on wage rate for unskilled worker (Man-days/Day) = NRs. 600.00 [Approved District Rate of
Nawalparasi (Bardaghat Susta West), DAO Nawalparasi, 2079 – Retrieved from
https://daonawalparasiwest.moha.gov.np/upload/ae46aadf6d62d202d6e69722dd0f2de5/files/
High_Quality_Jilla_Dar_Rate_FY079_80.pdf].

5. CONCLUSION
Potential environmental impacts of the Subproject are not diverse, mainly
relating to construction, and are all site-specific being confined to the Core
Project Area i.e., within the substation area. Civil works will cause temporary
impacts on air, noise and water, and occupational and community health and
safety, in particular related to working with electricity and crop losses. Key
impacts during operation and maintenance include safety risks related to the
presence of electricity infrastructure and associated risks at the substation. The
potential environmental impacts of the Subproject are identified and deemed to
be mitigated through adherence to national requirements and international good
practice measures and standards as specifically recommended in ESMP and DDR.
The implementation of ESMP and DDR is to be supervised and monitored by PIU,
supported by Project Supervision Consultant. The total ESMP and DDR cost
estimated for this Subproject is NRs. 71,18,870.00. This ESMP along with DDR is
considered sufficient to meet the environmental and social requirements for the
Subproject at present design conditions.

REFERENCES
CBS. (2017). Rural Municipality-Municipality Profile of Parasi District.

Nawalparasi: Office of Statistics.
Cross, E. A. (2014). THE STRUCTURE, STRATIGRAPHY, AND EVOLUTION OF THE
LESSER HIMALAYA OF. ARIZONA: THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA.
DHM. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.dhm.gov.np/climate/
DHM. (2021). Retrieved from http://mfd.gov.np/city?id=26
Dobremez, J. (1976). Le Népal Ecologie et Biogeography, Editions du Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique,. Paris, France.
DoS. (2020). Data & Metadata. Retrieved from National Spatial Data Center :
Geoportal: http://nationalgeoportal.gov.np
Environmental and Social Management Framework (DSUEP) NEA- November
2021
Environmental and Social Standards, European Investment Bank.
EPA. (2019). Environmental Protection Act. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal.
EPR. (2020). Environmental Protection Regulation. Kathmandu: Government of
Nepal.
GoN. (2050). National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines. National
Planning Commission Secretariat.
IPCC. (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
IGES, Japan. Retrieved from
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol2.html
IUCN. (2000). NEPAL Iso-Potential Agro-Ecological Zone Map. HMG/DANIDA
NARMSAP TISC, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Letcher, & Vallero. (2011). Waste: A Handbook for Management . London:
Elsevier Inc.
LRMP. (1986). Land Utilization Report. Land Resources Mapping Project (LRMP).
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Limited.
MoF. (2020). Economic Survey 2019/20. Singh Durbar, Kathmandu: Government
of Nepal, Ministry of Finance. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org:
https://mof.gov.np/uploads/document/file/Economic%20Survey
%202019_20201125024153.pdf
Shahi, D. K., Rijal, H. B., & Shukuya, M. (2019). Study on Household Energy
Usage Patterns in Urban and Rural Areas. Journal of the Institute of
Engineering, 15 (No. 3), 402-410.
doi:https://doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32761
Stakeholder Engagement Strategy, DSUEP, NEA, 2019.
The White Paper. (2018). Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation Sector’s Status
and Roadmap for the Future. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal.

US EPA. (2016). Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidance: Direct Emissions from
Stationary Combustion Sources. U.S. EPA Center for Corporate Climate
Leadership. Retrieved from www.epa.gov/climateleadership
WECS. (2014). Energy Data Sheet. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat.
Retrieved from
www.energyefficiency.gov.np/downloadthis/final_data_book__11_june_201
4.pdf

ANNEXES
ANNEX 1: MAP, LAYOUT, SUBSTATION COMPONENTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS OF ANCILLIARY FACILITIES
Transformer Switch Yard
Stay/Guy Sets Pin Insulator
ACSR DOG Conductor

Typical Diagram of Control Building, Office Building, Staff Quarter and
Guard House
Component Location within 33 kV Substation
Bird Diverting Reflector Wishbone Prevents Bird Landing on Wire
Construction of Nest at Poles also divert Brid not

White Spiral in Wire Improves Visibility of Wire
sitting at Wires
ANNEX 2: CERTIFICATE OF LAND OWNERSHIP
ANNEX 3: FIELD VISIT PHOTOGRAPHS
Expert Team during Field Study at Hakui Substation
Stakeholders during Public Consultation cum FGD Meeting at Bakenawa
Public Consultation Meeting at Bakenawa

ANNEX 4: NOTICE FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION
ANNEX 5: PROOF OF PUBLIC NOTICE PASTING
ANNEX 6: CONSULTATION MEETING MINUTES
ANNEX 7: MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN DSUEP AND
BHTLP FOR LAND USAGE
ANNEX 8: OUTLINE OF ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN
Chapter 1: Project Overview

1.1 Scope of the document
2.2 Overview of health and safety features
2.3 Project Health, Safety, and Environmental Goals & Objectives
Chapter 2: Safety policy of the Project
2.1 Safety policy statement
2.2 Contractor’s overall safety responsibilities
2.3 Contractor’s safety Specialist responsibilities
2.4 Contractor’s Supervisor responsibilities
2.5 Worker’s responsibilities
2.6 Disciplinary policy procedures
2.7 Involvement of the public
2.8 Color coding for PPE
Chapter 3: Health policy, and amenities
3.1 Camp establishment, and operation
3.1.1 Accommodation (Washing, cooking, bedding facilities with
locking)
3.1.2 Toilets
3.1.3 Drinking water
3.1.4 Waste collection bin
3.1.5 Lighting
3.1.6 Ventilation
3.1.7 Maintenance of facilities
3.1.8 Menstrual Kit Accessibility
3.2 First-aid facilities
3.3 Insurance of construction workers
3.5 Site facilities for works of short duration
3.6 Avoiding fire hazards
Chapter 4: Employee training
4.1 Competent person designation
4.2 Safety induction for new employees
4.3 Toolbox meetings
Chapter 5: Accidents, and emergency
5.1 First aid requirements
5.2 Assisting coworkers in medical emergencies
5.3 Emergency evacuation plan
5.4 Standby emergency vehicle
5.5 Accident investigations
Chapter 6: Toolbox safety talks
6.1 Overview of toolbox meetings
6.2 Recognize the warning signs
6.3 Good housekeeping
6.4 Trenching and excavation
6.4.1 Trenching
6.4.2 Competent person
6.4.3 Protective systems to prevent subsidence
6.4.4 Other safety requirements
6.5 Access to scaffolds
6.7 Falling object protection
6.7.1 Falling object protection alternatives
6.7.2 Falling object protection methods
6.8 Slips, trips, and falls
6.9 Back safety
6.10 Face, hand, and foot protection
6.10.1 Overview
6.10.2 Types of hazards
6.10.3 Contractor requirements
6.10.4 Worker requirements
6.10.5 Face, and hand protection requirements
6.10.6 Types of protective footwear
6.11 Temporary traffic control
6.11.1 Land closures
6.11.2 Use a variety of TTC devices
6.12 Electrical safety
6.13 Chemical safety
6.13.1 Chemical hazards
6.13.2 Methods of chemical exposure
6.13.3 Safety precautions
6.14 On the Job Toolbox safety talks--The Deadly dozen
6.14.1 Unsafe acts
6.14.2 Unsafe conditions
6.15 Workplace violence
6.15.1 Reducing workplace violence hazards
6.15.2 Actions if someone witnesses or experiences workplace
violence
Appendices
Appendix A: Pre-Start Information Pack, and Project Notification Approval
Appendix B: Sample health and safety plan format
Appendix C: Standard inspection, and report formats
Appendix D: Worksite safety checklists
Appendix E: Sample health, and safety signs
Appendix F: Site Drawing with Emergency Exit Layout
ANNEX 9: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY RELATED SIGNS
SIGNAL NOTICE
DANGER SIGNS
INSTRUCTION SIGNS
SAFETY AND SAFETY INSTRUCTION SIGNS

ANNEX 10: REVIEW OF LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS
Relevancy with respect
SN Legislation Provisions
to Project
 Constitution of Nepal is the main legal document, which
emphasizes on right of clean environment of the people,
natural resources protection, preservation and its prudent use.
DSUEP helps to fulfil the
Rights regarding clean environment, under article 30:
rights of people to live in
 It includes to make multi-purpose development of water
Constitution of clean environment along
1. resources, while according priority to domestic investment
Nepal with to fulfil the basic
based on public participation to ensure reliable supply of
needs by providing access
energy in an affordable and easy manner, and make proper
of sufficient energy.
use of energy for the fulfillment of the basic needs of citizens,
by generating and developing renewable energy in article 51
(g).
Environmental Studies
 Section 3 of the Act requires the proponent to conduct
and approved of report
environmental studies in relation to the prescribed proposals
Environment from authorized body
of any developmental works. Subsection 2 of this act provides
Protection Act before construction of any
2. the framework about the environmental study report prepared
2076 (2019 AD) project is mandatory to
pursuant to sub-section (1) shall, in fulfillment of the process
minimize the negative
as prescribed, be submitted to the relevant bodies of
impacts in Nepal which is
Government of Nepal for approval.
addressed in EPA, 2076.
Environmental
 Under the Environmental Protection Rules (2077) first This rule provides the
Protection Rule,
amendment (2078), rule (3) as mentioned in annex (1), overall guidance to what
2077 (2020 AD)
Section (F) (Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation Sector) type of environmental
3. [First
sub-section (1), a proponent shall be required to carry out the studies is required
Amendment on
Brief Environmental Studies for construction of transmission according to project by
2078 (2021)]
line project less than 66 kV in forest land for another purpose. Government of Nepal.
4. Nepal The aims of NEPAP are: DSUEP should follow the
Environmental  To manage natural and physical resources efficiently and aims of NEPAP to protect
Policy and Action sustainably and conserve the
Plan, 2050(1993)  To balance the development efforts and environmental physical, biological and
conservation for sustainable fulfilment of basic needs social environment during
to Project
 To preserve endemic and endangered species and their
habitats; the promotion of private and public institutions for
biological resources inventory and conservation
 To safeguard national heritage construction of 33 kV
 To mitigate adverse environmental impact of development distribution line along with
protects and human actions substation.
 To integrate environment and development through
appropriate institutions, adequate legislation and economic
incentives and sufficient public resources
Prohibits for the treat and business of protected species is
This act binds the workers
explained in Section 1, Rule 3 of this act. However, Sub-Rule 2
along with the people not
of the Rule 3 has allowed for the export and import of
CITES Act, 2017 to collect, treat and
5. protected species for certain circumstances mention under
business of the protected
sub-rule after taking approval. The Section 5 of the acts state
plants and animals listed
the provision of punishment for the unauthorized import,
in appendices of CITES.
export and provision mentioned in Section 3.
 No person shall be entitled to conduct survey, generation,
transmission or distribution of electricity without obtaining
license under this act.
 The Electricity Act of 1992 has provision of land procurement The main goal of this
for the development of projects that involve electricity project is to distribute the
Electricity Act generation, transmission or distribution. The Act states that sufficient amount of
6. 1992 the licensee may submit an application to GoN to purchase the electricity by constructing
land or house of any person if it is required for the generation, 33 kV line and substation
transmission or distribution of electricity. Upon the receipt of by conducting the survey
such an application, GoN may make the land or house, so to minimize the impacts.
requisitioned, available to any corporate body under the
prevailing laws.
7. Soil and Soil and watershed conservation Act, 1982 expedient to make To do the works, which
Watershed legal provisions on the land and watershed conservation by can act, as causative
Conservation controlling natural calamities such as flood, landslide and soil factor of flood, landslide
Act, 2039 (1982 erosion and maintain convenience and economic interests of and soil erosion should
to Project
strictly be prohibited
AD)
the general public. during the construction of
this project.
Rationale of formulating and implementing this policy is to
create conducive environment that will self-motivate and
mobilize local institutions, rural energy user groups, non-
This project helps to
government organizations, cooperatives and private sector
Rural Energy improve the distribution
organization for the development and expansion of rural
8. Policy, 2006 and motivate to use the
energy resources. The government will facilitate and promote
electricity in rural areas of
to involve private development and expansion of new
western Nepal.
technologies. It has also envisioned subsidy provision for
promotion of such renewable energy technologies.
This labor Act was made under the management of parliament

under sub-clause 1 of clause 296 of Constitution of Nepal. Sub-
section 3 of Section 2 states that the employees should not be Construction of project is
compelled to other work other than they are assigned for. In only possible when the
Labor Act, 2074
addition, Sub-section 5 of Section 2 states about prohibition of rights of labor is secure. In
9. (2017 AD)
child labor in any organization and sub-section 6 of Section 2 this project, the
states that there should not be any kind of discrimination Contractor should follow
among the employee’s regard of religion, ethnicity, gender, this act strictly.
origin, language or intelligence or other kind of characters.
Child Labor
Child labor is strictly
(Prohibition and As per section 3 of this act, no child having not attained the age
10. prohibited in this project
Regulation) Act, of 14 years shall be engaged in works as a laborer.
and Contractor should
2056 (2000 AD)
follow this act.
11. Solid Waste This act has been formulated with a goal of minimizing solid This act provides the
Management Act, waste production from the target area by setting rules and overall framework to
2068 (2011 AD) regulation on solid waste management (SWM) in the country manage the solid waste
in order to develop better environment for the systematic and generated from
to Project
effective management of solid waste and to involve all the
concern stakeholders in SWM practice. The main features of
this act are discussion of 3R principle (Reduce, Reuse and
Recycle). 3R principle seems to be very beneficial as it not households to project
only increases the life of landfill site but also save the money, level. In addition, the
which could be used for other infrastructure development. proponent should manage
Section 4 of the act assign the local body to manage or use the waste generated
the solid waste discharged or dumped in collection center, during construction.
transfer station or treatment plant or collected during
cleaning.
The solid waste management rule was formulated as per

provision made in article 50 of Solid Waste Management Act,
These rules provide the
Solid Waste 2068. This regulation has emphasized the segregation of waste
overall framework about
Management at source and mentioned that the responsibility of proper
12. how to reduce the volume
Rules, 2070 disposal and management of source belongs to the producers
of waste to dispose from
(2013 AD) themselves. Section 3 of the rule describes about the
the source during
segregation and management of solid waste. It has mentioned
construction of substation.
that it is essential to segregate degradable and non-degradable
solid waste at source.
Vision of 15th plan is in contribution to the prosperity of the
This 5-year interim plan
nation through sustainable and reliable development of
sets the goal about
hydropower by setting the goal which is ensure energy security
generation and
13. Fifteenth Plan through intensifying hydropower generation. In addition, one of
distribution of
the strategies of government of Nepal in 15th plan is to make
hydroelectricity in Nepal,
the distribution system effective and reliable to increase energy
which is directly related to
efficiency and increase power consumption by expanding
this project.
access to electricity by formulating the required policies.
14. United Nations UNFCCC, Signatories: 165. Parties: 195. (1), Article (4), Goal of this project is to
Framework commitment (f) states climate change considerations into replace the traditional
Convention on account, to the extent feasible, in their relevant social, form of energy by clean
Climate Change economic and environmental policies and actions, and employ energy i.e., electricity
(UNFCCC), 1992 appropriate methods, for example impact assessments, which ultimately reduces
to Project
formulated and determined nationally, with a view to minimizing
adverse effects on the economy, on public health and on the
quality of the environment, of projects or measures undertaken
the air pollution and
by them to mitigate or adapt to climate change. After it entered
smoke.
into force on 21 March 1994, in accordance with, it mandates
the individual state for prioritization of resource conservation
with development.
Directive As per the nature and
2011/92/EU of scope of the details, the
the European This Directives in Annex II 3(b) speaks for Projects Referred to in proposed Subproject is of
Parliament and Article 4 (2) for only on “Industrial installations for carrying electricity distribution
15.
of the Council of gas, steam and hot water; transmission of electrical energy by system instead of
13 December overhead cables (Projects not included in Annex I)” should overhead electricity
2011 and its follow EIA study. transmission lines for
Amendment which no EIA level study is
2014/52/EU required.
16. ILO 169 The main objective of this convention is to secure the rights of Nepal is the part of ILO
indigenous and tribal people along with the gender equality convention that’s why ILO
and non-discrimination of workers during work. The Article 1 169 should strictly
on First Part of this convention mainly focused on following followed during
points: construction and
(a) the social, cultural and economic conditions of tribal peoples implementation of any
in independent countries differentiate from other parts of the types
national community and their status is managed fully or
partially by their own customs or traditions or by special laws
or regulations;
(b) peoples in independent countries who are regarded as
indigenous on account of their descent from the populations
which inhabited the country, or a geographical region to which
the country belongs, at the time of conquest or colonization or
the establishment of present state boundaries and who,
irrespective of their legal status, retain some or all of their
own social, economic, cultural and political institutions.
to Project
 Self-identification as indigenous or tribal shall be regarded as
a fundamental criterion for determining the groups to which
the provisions of this Convention apply.
 The use of the term peoples in this Convention shall not be
construed as having any implications as regards the rights,
which may attach to the term under international law.
 ESMF is to guide DSUEP sub-projects in the area of E&S
management using appropriate instruments, methodologies, Main guiding document
Environment and procedure and responsibilities during the project cycle. NEA for E&S study to identify
17. Social and the project partners shall apply during design and issues and recommending
Management development of the sub-projects in order to comply with the appropriate practical
Framework Government of Nepal E&S regulations and the EIB standards augmentation/ mitigation
on E&S assessment and management, Involuntary measures
Resettlement, Indigenous People, Gender, etc.).
 This policy speaks for the mandatory E&S requirements for
Environmental
18. each Project like, screening, DDR, E&S Assessment, ESMP, Mandatory requirement
and Social Policy
ESMF, Information Disclosure, Consultation and Monitoring and for ESMP study
(ESP) Evaluation.
 This Standard recognizes the importance of the promoters’
commitment to effective and sustained environmental and
19. EIB E&S Mandatory requirement
social performance through the establishment of an
Standards for ESMP study
environmental and social management system commensurate
with the identified impacts and risks.
ANNEX 11: DUE DILIGENCE REPORT
I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A. Background
Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP), hereinafter referred
as “Project”) is expected to enhance and expand the electricity distribution
system to improve the reliability (voltage level and reduction in power loss) and
coverage of electricity supply in the Sudhurpaschim, Karnali and Lumbini
Provinces. The Government of Nepal (GoN) and Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA)
have agreed to receive loan financing from European Investment Bank (EIB) to
13 Subprojects under DSUEP. The Environmental and Social Management
Framework (ESMF) has provisioned that the Subprojects that are likely to have
environmental and social risks/impacts easily addressed through ESMP are
categorized as Category III Subprojects requiring Due Diligence Report (DDR)
along with ESMP report. The main objective of the E&S due diligence process is
to review any potential social issues and risks associated with the activities
related to the sub-projects. The Sunwal-Hakui Substation Subproject (hereafter
referred to as “Subproject”) is one of the 13 Subprojects being constructed under
DSUEP.
B. Subproject Component
This Subproject level environmental and social studies for DSUEP is focused on
the Component-I. In this Subproject, only one component is included.
a) 33kV Substation: The substation 33/11 kV of capacity 24MVA has been
proposed. The major component of the substation is Power Transformer of
ONAN/ONAF (Oil Natural Air Natural/Oil Natural Air Forced) cooling
mechanisms; which is supported by the switchgear (Circuit Breaker, Earth
Switch, Current Transformer, Potential Transformers) components and Civil
Structures like control building, guard house, staff quarter, switchyard,
boundary walls, internal access road, drainage and essentials.
II. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION

The Subproject is located at Hakui, Ramgram Municipality-16 of Parasi District of
Lumbini Province. The site is approximately 246 Km through Prithivi Highway,
Narayanghat-Mugling Highway and East-West Highway in southwest of
Kathmandu. It constitutes of 33/11kV substation of capacity 24MVA only and is
proposed in 2.565 ha land. The substation land is owned and managed by NEA
since 2078/05/18 (3 September 2021).
III. FIELD WORK: ASSESSMENT AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION

Literature review comprised the review of previous relevant reports, EIB’s
Environmental and Social Safeguard documents, ESMF for DSUEP and feasibility
study reports, and relevant social safeguard documents prepared by the NEA.
The study team had conducted field visit from 2078/06/05 to 2078/06/12 (21-28
September 2021). Local level stakeholders including the users, local people and
teachers were notified through a notice from NEA which included the objectives,
venue, and time of consultation requesting their presence in the consultation
meeting. The meeting was conducted at the Bakenawa, Ramgram Municipality-
16 on 2078/06/07 (23 September 2021). Hard copies of Subproject features and
activities language were shared in Nepali at the time of consultation. Each of the
components, activities and possible environmental and social issues during
Subproject implementation was briefed. In total, 13 participants (5 female and 8
male) participated in the meeting. The views/consent, concerns,
recommendations/suggestions, and demands of the participants were
documented in the form of minutes (ANNEX 6).
IV. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE

In Ramgram Municipality, the male population is 29,132, and female population
is 30,323 aggregating total population to 59,455. Ward No. 16 has the total
population of 6,627 among which 3,185 are male, and 3,442 are female living in
1,096 households. The majority ethnic composition nearby the Subproject area is
of Tharu/Chaudhary and Chhetri/Brahmin (Terai). Nearly 80% population rely on
agriculture based earning source followed by daily wage labor, small trade and
business/enterprises and services. The previous land titleholders (15 users) are
cultivating agricultural crops as a supporting household income source (ANNEX
2).
V. SOCIAL IMPACTS
i. A 33kV substation is proposed in NEA’s land. At present, the previous land
titleholders are cultivating agriculture crops. The household income source
will be affected by the Subproject.
ii. No relocation impacts or impacts on structures and private land
acquisition are anticipated at any of the identified proposed Subproject
footprint area.
VI. ENTITLEMENT MATRIX
Capaci
Involuntary
ty/ Area Land Indigenous Proposed
Compone Resettleme
Lengt (Sq.m Owners People (IP) Mitigation
nts nt (IR)
Impacts
h with ) hip Impacts Measures
No.
The previous
titleholders are
from Tharu/
The land is
Chaudhary
owned by
community
NEA, which
cultivating
is
agriculture
cultivated
crops.
Construction of New Substation
by the
The users have
previous
given consent
titleholders. Appropriate
to use the
Of total financial
lands with an
land, only a assistance
advance notice
part will be and crop
Requir only.
used for loss
24 ed: No negative
NEA 33kV compensati
MVA/ 1 2.565h impact are
substation on will be
a envisaged on
constructio provided as
the religious
n. provisioned
sites,
No any in Table 3-
professions,
structures 10.
customary
are present
rights, religion
on the
and values of
proposed
Tharu/Chaudha
site.
A.
ry, Muslims,
No IR
and other
impacts are
community at
anticipated.
the time of
Subproject
construction.
VII. INFORMATION DESSIMINATION

The DDR is publicly available in Nepal Electricity Authority Office and Project
Implementation Unit.
VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS

The Subproject will entail the concerned party submitting a grievance either in-
person, or via phone, letter, or email to the Site-Engineer or the concerned
Municipality Chief or the concerned Ward Chair. The Site-Engineer will record
such complaint. In cases where Ward Chair has received such grievance, s/he
should forward the grievance to the Site-Engineer. The Site-Engineer shall notify
the committee members of Tier-I and arrange meeting to resolve the received
grievances. The Subproject level GRM committee will ensure the grievances are
addressed. If not resolved, such grievances will be forwarded to Tier-II and then
to Tier-III as described in Section Error: Reference source not found.
IX. CONCLUSION
The due diligence study findings suggests that there are minimal social impacts
associated with the Subproject which will be addressed with minimal mitigation
measures. No relocation impacts or impacts on structures and private land
acquisition are anticipated at any of the identified proposed Subproject footprint
area except. NEA will address the total implementation cost as estimated in
Table 4-14.

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DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT

NEPAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM UPGRADE AND EXPANSION

DATE REVISION PREPARED APPROVED

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP)

Table 1-1: Technical Description of the Proposed Subproject..............................2

Figure 1-1: Layout and Location Map of Subproject............................................3

ANNEX 1: MAP, LAYOUT, SUBSTATION COMPONENTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS OF

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP)

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AIS Air Insulated Substation

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP)

WEIGHT AND MEASURES

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP)

As required by the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) of

The primary mitigation measures proposed for this Subproject are:

NRs. 71,18,870.00 is estimated to implement associated E&S mitigation

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP)

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP)

The Sunwal-Hakui Substation Subproject (hereafter referred to as “the

1.2 Scope of ESMP

Specifically, the construction of 33/11kV substation (including guardhouse, staff

1.3 Objectives of ESMP

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP)

1.4 Description of Subproject

Table 1-1: Technical Description of the Proposed Subproject

1.4.1 Location of Subproject

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP)

Figure 1-1: Layout and Location Map of Subproject

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP) |9

Proposed Substation Area

Ramgram Municipality Office

Figure 1-2: Bird-Eye View of Subproject in Satellite Map

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP) | 10

1.4.2 Accessibility to the Subproject Site

Figure 1-3: Accessibility to the Proposed Site

1.4.3 Subproject Components

Transformers: Transformer is the major component of the substation. Power

Electrical Switchgear: Electrical Switchgear comprises of equipment including

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP) |

Switchyard, Boundary, Roads, Drainage and Essentials: The outdoor civil

1.4.4 Construction Work and Resource Requirement

1.4.5 Major Construction Activities in the Subproject

i. Preconstruction phase: The activities to be carried out before the

1.5 Legal Requirement for ESMP

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP) |

1.6 Methodology and Approaches of ESMP Preparation

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP) |

Figure 1-4: Identified Stakeholder from Identification Process 2

-16, Female: 5 The experts from NEA Engineering Company briefed us

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP) |

Figure 1-5: Consultation with Stakeholders and Communities in the Subproject

5. Third Party Verification:

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP) |

1.7 Classification of Impact Area

| Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project (DSUEP) |

Geomorphologically, the area is located in depressed land in the flat Terai

2. Erosion from Flooding

Figure 2-6: Proposed Site, and Nearby Hydrological Feature