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EARTHQUAKE
LOADS NSCP
2015
Static Force
____
Procedure
____
ENGR. CHRISTIAN N. ASPIRAS
CIVIL ENGINEERING INSTRUCTOR

Static Lateral Force Procedure

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Design Base Shear,

The strength level design base shear is given by the following formula in accordance with
Section 208.5.2.1 of NSCP 2015.

=
Where:
= fundamental period of the structure in the direction under consideration
= seismic importance factor
= numerical coefficient dependent on the soil conditions at the site and the seismicity of
the region, as set forth in Table 208-8 (NSCP 2015)
= seismic dead load
= factor that accounts for the ductility and overstrength of the structural system, as set
forth in Table 208-11 (NSCP 2015)
= seismic zone factor. Note that does not directly appear in the base shear formula. It
does, however, affect the seismic coefficients and .
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Design Base Shear,

• The base shear as specified in the previous equation is subject to three limits:

1. The design base shear need not exceed

2.5
=
2. It cannot be less than
= 0.11

Where is a seismic coefficient dependent on soil conditions at the site and on regional seismicity

3. In the zone of highest seismicity (Zone 4), the design base shear must be equal to or greater than

0.8
=

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Seismic Zone Factor,

The Philippine archipelago is divided into
two seismic zones only. Zone 2 covers
the provinces of Palawan (except
Busuanga), Sulu and Tawi-tawi while the
rest of the country is under Zone 4 as
shown in the figure. Each structure shall
be assigned a seismic zone factor , in
accordance with Table 208-3.

Seismic Importance Factor

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Structure Period
• Method A

/
= ℎ
Where:
= 0.0853 for steel moment-resisting frames
= 0.0731 for reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames and
eccentrically braced frames
= 0.0488 for all other buildings
ℎ = height of the building

Structural
System
Coefficient
Table 208.11A for Concrete
Table 208.11B for Steel

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Seismic Dead Load

• The dead load , used for calculating the base shear, includes the total dead load
of the structure, the actual weight of partitions with a minimum allowance of 10 psf
(0.50 kPa) of floor area, 25% of the floor live load in storage and warehouse
occupancies, and the weight of snow when the design snow load is greater than 30
psf. The snow load may be reduced by up to 75% is its duration is short.

• The total seismic load represents the total mass of the building and includes the
weight of structural slabs, beams, columns, and walls; and nonstructural
components such as floor toppings, roofing, fireproofing material, fixed electrical
and mechanical equipment, partitions, and ceilings. When partition locations are
subject to change (as in office buildings), a uniform distributed dead load of at least
10 psf of floor area is used in calculating . Typical miscellaneous items such as
ducts, piping and conduits can be accounted for using additional 2 to 5 psf. In
storage areas, 25% of the design live load is included in the seismic weight .

Seismic Coefficient and !

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Soil Profile Types

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Seismic Source Type A, B, and C

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Near Source Factors "! and "

The PHIVOLCS FaultFinder

http://faultfinder.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/

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Example (Design Base Shear)

Determine the design base shear for a

Five-storey concrete special moment-
resisting frame building. The following
information is given:

Zone 4, = 0.4
Seismic Source Type = #
Distance to seismic source = 10 %&
Soil Profile Type = '(
= 1.0
= 8.5
= 7300 %
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Solution

Calculations and Discussions = 1.0

Determine the structure period using Method A = 1.2
For concrete moment-resisting frames, = Determine seismic coefficient and from
0.0731 Table 208-7 and 208-8 for soil profile type '( and
/ Zone 4.
= ℎ
/ = 0.40
= 0.0731 25
= 0.4 × 1.0
= 0.81 sec.
= 0.4
= 0.56
Find near source factors and from table
208-4 and 208-5 for Seismic Source Type A and = 0.56 × 1.2
distance to seismic source of 10 km. = 0.672

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Solution (cont.)

Determine the Base Shear And that the base shear shall not be less than the
following:
The total design base shear in a given direction is: = 0.11
= = 0.11 0.40 1.0 7300
= 321 %
0.672(1.0)
= 7300
8.5(0.81) And in Seismic Zone 4, the total design base shear
= 712 % shall also be not less than:
0.8
But the code indicates that the total design base =
shear need not exceed the following: 0.80(0.40)(1.20)(1.0)
2.5 = 7300
= 8.5
= 330 %
2.5(0.40)(1.0)
= 7300 Therefore the governing design base shear for this
8.50 example is:
= 858 % = 712 %

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Vertical Distribution of Force (NSCP 2015 Sect. 208.5.2.3)

= - + / -0
012

The concentrated force - at the top, which is in addition to - , shall be determined

from the equation:

- = 0.07 ≤ 0.25 if > 0.7 sec

- = 0 if ≤ 0.7 sec

- accounts for the greater participation of the higher-mode response of longer-

period structures.

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Vertical Distribution of Force

The remaining portion of the total base shear ( − - ) is distributed over the
height, including the top, by the formula

( − - )(76 ℎ6 )
-6 =
∑012 70 ℎ0
Where:
7 = weight at a particular level
ℎ = the height of that level above the shear base
For equal story heights and weights, the equation distributes the force linearly,
increasing toward the top. Any significant variation from this triangular
distribution indicates an irregular structure.

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Example
A 10-storey building has a moment
resisting steel frame for a lateral force-
resisting system. Find the vertical
distribution of lateral forces -6 . The
following information is given:
Zone 4
= 18,400 kN
= 0.56
= 8.5
= 1.0
= 1.32 sec
= 918.4 kN
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Solution

In solving this example, the following steps are - = 0.07

followed: = 0.07 1.32 918.4
- = 84.86 %
1. Determine -
2. Find -6 at each level 84.86 % <? 0.25 = 0.25 918.4
84.86 < 229.6 ∴ >%!
Calculations and Discussions 2. Find -6 at each level
1. Determine - The vertical distribution of seismic forces is
determined from
This is the concentrated force applied at the top of ( − - )(76 ℎ6 )
-6 =
the structure. It is determined as follows. First, ∑012 70 ℎ0
check that the - is not zero.
Where:
= 1.32 sec. > 0.7 sec. ∴ - > 0 − - = 918.4 − 84.86
= 833.54 %

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Solution (cont.)
76 ℎ6 / CA0
Since there are ten levels above Level B C6 m 76 E" 76 C6 -6 E" -6 /76
∑ 7ℎ
ground, @ = 10. Therefore
Roof 38.40 950 36480 0.094 163.35 0.172

833.54 76 ℎ6 10 34.80 1800 62640 0.162 134.77 0.075

-6 =
∑2A
012 70 ℎ0
9 31.20 1800 56160 0.145 120.83 0.067
8 27.60 1800 49680 0.128 106.89 0.059
7 24.00 1800 43200 0.112 92.95 0.052
This equation is solved in the
6 20.40 2600 53040 0.137 114.12 0.044
table below:
5 16.80 1850 31080 0.080 66.87 0.036
4 13.20 1850 24420 0.063 52.54 0.028
Note:
3 9.60 1950 18720 0.048 40.28 0.021
-6 at Roof level = 78.35 +
84.86 2 6.00 2000 12000 0.031 25.82 0.013
18400 387420 918.40

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Vertical Distribution of Force

Commentary: 163.35 kN
Note that certain types of vertical 134.77 kN
irregularity can result in a dynamic response
having a load distribution significantly
different from that given in this section. If 120.83 kN
the structural system has any of the
stiffness, weight or geometric vertical 106.89 kN
irregularities of Type 1, 2, or 3 then NSCP
requires that the dynamic lateral force
procedure be used unless the structure is 92.95 kN
less than five storeys or 20 meters in height.
The configuration and final design of this
structure must be checked for these 114.12 kN
irregularities. Most structural analysis
programs used in practice today perform 66.87 kN
this calculation, and it is generally not
necessary to manually perform the
calculations shown above. However, it is 52.54 kN
recommended that these calculations be
performed to check the computer analysis 40.28 kN
and to gain insight to structural behavior.
25.82 kN

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Slide 21

CA0 78.35+84.86
Christian Aspiras, 2022-03-09T12:09:23.261