مقدمة الحاسب
مقدمة الحاسب
مقدمة الحاسب
Lecture 03 1 Introduction
2 Data Communication
3 Computer network
4 Internet
Data and Information
Data can be defined as a representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a
formalized manner, which should be suitable for communication, interpretation,
or processing by human or electronic machine.
Data is represented with the help of characters such as alphabets (A-Z, a-z),
digits (0-9) or special characters (+,-,/,*,<,>,= etc.)
For the decision to be meaningful, the processed data must qualify for the
following characteristics:
The information must be delivered to the right person at the right time.
Data Communication
Data communication is
Transmitter
Receiver
Medium
Message
Protocol
Data Communication Components
The transmitter sends the message and the receiver receives the message.
Client computer
Server computer
Network interfaces (NICs)
Network operating system
Hub or switch
Routers
Device used to route packets of data through different networks, ensuring that data sent gets to the correct address
Communication Media
Wire Pairs:
are commonly used in local telephone communication and for short distance
digital
data communication.
Communication Media
Twisted pair:
is widely used for cable television systems, office buildings, and other work-sites
for local area networks.
Communication Media
Optical fiber:
consists of one or more filaments of glass fiber wrapped in protective layers that
carries data by means of pulses of light.
Network Topologies
Wireless Technologies
Bluetooth
Bluetooth enables a variety of
devices, including cell phones,
PDAs, wireless keyboards and
mice, PCs, and printers
Types of networks
PAN:
consists of a computer network across an entire city, college campus or small region.
occupies a very large area, such as an entire country or the entire world.
With the Internet, it's possible to access almost any information, communicate
with anyone else in the world, and do much more.
World Wide Web
usually called the Web for short
Computer Fundamentals
Lecture 04 1 Internet
2 Services of Internet
3 Uses of Internet
5 Downloading Files
Internet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the
standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/ IP) to serve billions of users worldwide.
The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as
the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the
infrastructure to support electronic mail.
Uses of Internet
Internet has been the most useful technology of the modern times which helps us
not only in our daily lives, but also our personal and professional lives
developments.
Uses of Internet
Uses of Internet in Students daily life
They are using the Internet to learn new skills and even acquire degrees in
professional online courses.
Similarly, educators like us are using the Internet for teaching and sharing our
knowledge and experience with the world.
There are many websites which help to explore what your hidden potential is and
which profession would suit you the best.
Uses of Internet
Uses of Internet
Increase the speed of daily tasks
Uses of Internet
Business promotion and innovation
People are always looking for the ways on the Internet to grow their business.
Uses of Internet
Uses of Internet
Shopping in our daily life
anybody can order products online after comparison with other websites.
Shopping sites are more interesting because of huge discounts different companies are
offering customers.
The customer can pay cash for delivery of a product delivered to his house in a few
hours and can return the product if he is not satisfied with it.
Uses of Internet
Research and development
The pace of work towards innovation and quality of research is developed by Internet tools.
A person who is a Data scientist and data analyst are really important for innovative
decision-making.
CRM and Google analytics is helping businesses to analyze the consumer’s behavior on the
websites and advertising campaigns.
Decision making is an important part of all kind of business and organizations.
Today you can visualize, analyze and monitor customers data in real time by using data
analysis tools. That helps business to remain competitive in the market by better data
analysis.
Uses of Internet
Uses of Internet
provide us quick and free communication
Communication on the Internet is free and fast. We all are connected with each other
on various computers and IP. Skype, chat messengers, social media is common for
personal and professional purposes.
This ability to communicate at breakneck speeds enables us to finish our tasks faster
and become more efficient.
Uses of Internet
Uses of Internet
International uses of Internet by working remotely and providing business services
Nowadays the Internet is widely used in making money.
If you have talent, then you can earn money by sitting at home on the Internet.
Thousands of freelancer or professionals are doing this on a daily basis to earn more than
their bread and butter cost.
Facebook business pages, Google AdWords, Paytm, blogs, YouTube channels, Amazon and
other affiliate marketing methods etc. are various tools used to make money by providing
things of value to Internet users.
If you have an idea which can provide a facility to people then you can start an online
business by using any computer and information technology tool.
Uses of Internet
Uses of Internet
Money Management
The use of the Internet is not limited to only earning money, it can also be used to manage
money.
We can now see hundreds of websites, apps, and other tools that help us in handling daily
transactions, transfers, management, budget planning etc. and this trend is growing steadily.
The use of Internet banking and mobile banking use is also growing.
All the banks are really working hard to provide Internet banking and mobile apps to
empower people to utilize the power of the Internet and latest money management tools.
Uses of Internet
Uses of Internet
Uses of the Internet in Everyday Politics
Politicians are using various methods to influence people and youth on social media to
favor their party
It is also good for people to know about the progress of ministers on a particular task.
If governing political parties use social media to show the progress of their work then
it is great.
Uses of Internet
Uses of Internet
Uses of Internet for Teaching and Sharing Knowledge with others
The Internet and its application is user-friendly and make students life easy.
A teacher can use YouTube channels to teach students around the world.
Teachers can use the blog in which they can share their career experiences with
college graduates.
If you’re free and want to spend your time in doing productive things then create your
own website. In the website, you can train people about the skills you’re a master in.
Uses of Internet
Uses of Internet
Solving problems of others by the use of internet
You can determine the importance of internet that it is most used today to solve the
problems of others.
Online forms, social groups are the platform in which you can provide a solution. For
example, people ask on forums and then people who know the solution answer.
Answer provider on the forums are mostly bloggers, internet marketers, and business.
They use such platform to connect with their target users or clients or readers.
Uses of Internet
Uses of Internet
Uses of Internet in environmental development
We can use Internet tools such as social media and blogs by promoting environment
development activities.
Sharing valuable information and knowledge regarding trees, plants and water will
make positive effects on the internet users.
There are billion people use the internet if each day one people inspired to save trees
and plant then it will be a great use of the internet.
Uses of Internet
Uses of Internet
Uses of internet for parents
Not all parents are computer and the internet literate. But the internet literate people
can use the internet to guide their kids. They can analyze the content on the internet
better than students. So, they can suggest what is helpful for kids to do on the
internet. Another thing is that they can help kids in their studies and education. I know
various kids know more about the internet than their parents. But it’s highly important
for parents to guide children for the best use of internet in daily life.
Services of Internet
E-Mail (Electronic Mail)
Electronic mail is a paperless method of sending messages, notes or
letters from one person to another or even many people at the same time
via Internet.
E-mail is very fast compared to the normal post.
E-mail messages usually take only few seconds to arrive at their
destination.
One can send messages anytime of the day or night, and, it will get
delivered immediately. You need not to wait for the post office to open
and you don’t have to get worried about holidays.
It works 24 hours a day and seven days a week.
You have the privilege of sending something extra such as a file,
graphics, images etc. along with your e-mail.
Services of Internet
Components of an E-mail Address
Username
@ sign
mail server
• Domain Name
• Domain Type
reda3032@gmail.com
Services of Internet
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
is an Internet utility software used to uploaded
and download files.
It gives access to directories or folders on remote
computers and allows software, data and text
files to be transferred between different kinds of
computers.
To access remote FTP server it is required, but
not necessary to have an account in the FTP
server.