Computer Final Revision

1st.Preparatoury -1st.Term
Prepared & Designed by/‫ﻳﺎﲰﲔ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ‬.‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺟﺮﻭﺏ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎء ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬
 Lesson 1 : Computer system
• Computer is an electronic set or device that process data and converting it into information.
• Computer types:
1- Desktop 2- Laptop 3- Smart devices
• Computer system consists of: (4)

1- Hardware 2- Software 4- Data &

3- Humanware
Part of computer you can touch. Part of computer you can’t touch. Information
1. Input unit (Keyboard – Mouse – Mic 1. Operating system (windows – Mac…..) 1) Analyst 1. Data
– Joystick – Scanner – light pen) 2. Programming language (C# - C++ - Java…) 2) Designer a) Consists of individual
2. Output unit (Monitor – Speaker- 3. Applications (Text editor) 3) Programmer facts or bits of information
Printer –Plotter) 4) User b) The computer stores data
4. Utilities (Antivirus….) of all kinds (words,
Note: Touch Screen is an input &
A. Closed source program number, image, sound or
output. videos).
A type of programs where you can't read its
3. Storage unit: (Hard desk – Flash
source code.
memory – CD) 2. Information
It is only available for programmers or designers.
Measurement units: (Bit – Byte – c) Information is the result
Ex: Photoshop / Microsoft office / Adobe Reader / of processing Data
Kilo Byte – Mega Byte – Giga Byte –
Tyra Byte) Windows
4. System unit: B. Open source program
a- Mother board They are the programs of source code available
b- Processor (Hz) for use, editing, development and distribution.
Hertz (Hz) is a measuring unit of Ex: Open Shot/ Gimp /
processor Software is based on the rights of ownership
c-Memory (RAM – ROM) divided to three types:
RAM = Random Access Memory 1) Freeware: allow the possibility to take full
(temporary)
advantage of them without a fee.
ROM = Read Only memory
2) Shareware: trial program for limited time .

2
2023 - 2024
 Lesson 2 : Operating System
Definition of operating system: -
A group of programs responsible for managing computer parts and Intermediary between the user and the programs on the one hand and between
the hardware on the other hand
Operating system responsible for running
1) Hardware 2) Software
User can deal with the operating systems by
1) Command prompt 2) Graphical user interface
Operating system task
1) Control all devices connected with the computer (printer, scanner .....)
2) Manage the dealing between software and memory.
3) Transferring data between different computer units and saved inside storage units
4) Security (password)
5) It provides an interface through which the user can deal with the device.
 Closed source operating system Mac OS (Apple Macintosh devices only)
Windows (most famous operating system)

 Open source operating system LINUX OS and its Distributions

Fedora
Ubuntu
 Mobiles operating systems Google Android OS is an Example of open source operating system
Apple IOS is an Example of closed source operating system
Advantages of Graphical User Interface for operating systems
1- Graphical interface displays programs in the form of regular windows
2- Users can use dropdown menus and toolbars to do his tasks
3- Users can run more than one programs at the same time
4- Arabic language can be used as an interface language for the programs
5- Providing browser to open website.
The similarities between operating systems
The interfaces of the operating systems can be similar in the following
1- Background: - may be colors, pictures that can be changed by the user
2- Icons: - small symbols that can be used to run programs
3- Bars: - used to contain icons such as date and time icons
3
2023 - 2024
 Lesson 3: Dealing with files and folder
 Each operating system is depending on file system, which is used to control the storage, retrieval, organize and management of files.
 When the computer turned off all data in the main memory (RAM) vanishes and to save it we have to save it inside any storage unit.
Types of common files Creating text files Saving text files Save Save as
 Video files 1. Run any text editor 1. Open file menu  Used when creating the  Used when creating the
 Photos files program (word) 2. Select save as file for the first time file for the first time
 Text files 2. Type the text you want 3. Save as dialogue box  Used when a change  Used when we change the
 System files to write appears happened to the file to name of the file or save
4. Type the name of the file save the change in the the file in a new place or
you want to save same file with the same save the file by a new
5. Select the location where name extension
you want to save the file
6. Select

 Search for files and folder

1- Search by using the name of file or folder or its Extension.
 Folder definition :-
A place inside the storage place contains a file or group of files, and sometimes contains a folder or other folders which is called sub-folders
- We can create new folder by clicking on Ctrl + Shift + N from the keyboard
cut – paste Copy – Paste Folder Rename
Creating folder When you cut folder, the folder moves from its current Make a backup copy from 1- Right click on
1- Right click on the area location and moves to a new one. a folder in the same the folder you
where you want to create Steps to cut folder storage place or in another want to
new folder a) Right click on the folder you want to cut. place. rename.
2- Shortcut menu appears. b) From shortcut menu select cut. Steps to copy folder 2- From
3- Select new folder. c) Go to the new location. Right click on the folder shortcut menu
4- Type the new folder name. d) Right click. you want to copy select rename.
Click Create e) From shortcut menu select paste. 1- From shortcut 3- Write the new
Delete Folder Restoring deleted folders from recycle bin menu select copy name then
1- Right click on the folder Any deleted file or folder moves to trash and we can restore it or 2- Go to the new click Rename.
you want to delete delete it permanently location
2- From shortcut menu 3- Right Click
when weselect
wantmove to trashfile or
to delete 1- Double click on the recycle bin folder (trash folder). 4- From shortcut
folder from Trash we select 2- Right click on the folder you want to restore. menu select paste.
Delete from Trash 3- From shortcut menu select Restore from Trash.
4
2023 - 2024
 Lesson 4: Computer Network
 Computer Network: -
It is a connection of two or more computers through a communication intermediary wired or wireless connection in order to share
resources. (Data and Hardware)
 The importance of computer networking
1) Sharing resources (such as printer – scanner – storage devices) 2) Sharing data and programs between computers network
3) A centralized database
Types of networking: - Files sharing Steps of sharing folders in windows Sharing Files in Fedora
1- (LAN) Local Area Network - Means to publish operating systems operating system
Computer network covering a digitally stored information 1- Put the files inside a folder. 1- Click on Activities
limited area such as a such as computer programs / 2- Right click on the folder which located in the top
(school, laboratory, and multimedia (video – audio – (Books) which contains the files bar of the opening
university) images) / document / you want to share screen.
2- (WAN) Wide Area Network electronic books. 3- From shortcut menu select 2- Type “Sharing “ in the
Computer network covering a Share with search bar
large geographical distance 4- Select specific people from 3- Click on sharing icon
such as (countries. continents.) sub menu 4- Turn the sharing button
The internet is a type of WAN 5- File sharing dialogue box from OFF to ON
What’s your computer name? Access to a folder on the appears. 5- Turn Personal File
1- Right click on My Computer network 6- Choose the user you want to Sharing into ON
icon 1) Click on “Network” on the share with.
2- Select Properties from the desktop 7- Click “Add “to be from the
shortcut menu 2) Double click on the desired allowed users.
3- Computer name appears in the device to access it 8- Determine Permission Level
box computer name 3) The window of the al (Read or Read / Write)
folders that are shared 9- Click Share button.
appears.

5
2023 - 2024
 Unit Two: Gimp
GIMP is an open and free source GIMP default Interface: click F1 from the keyboard to
program 1.The Main Toolbox. open the Help of this program
GIMP program for the first time it 2 The Tool Options Dock.
is usually on 3. Image windows.
(multi-window mode). 4.(Layers/Channels/paths/Undo).
5. (Brushes/Patterns/Gradients).
Main menus in Gimp
 File menu  Select menu  Image menu
1- New 1- Invert 1- Flatten Image
Create a new image  Layer menu Merging all layers, to become one
2- Open layer
1- Transparency  Add Alpha Channel
Import Image for editing.
3- Save  Windows menu  Filter menu
4- Save as 1- Single-Window Mode Select the appropriate filter
To save your project. Change from multi windows to single window
GIMP extension is "XCF" 2- Recently Closed Docks
5- Export To restore any closed tabs
To export the image as a file with the
appropriate extension:
(JPEG – GIF – PNG)

6
2023 - 2024
In the dialogue box to create a new image:
1-Templates: are previously ready-made designs prepared of the dimensions and the
resolution of the image.
2-Image Size: to identify the dimensions of the new image (length and width) by clicking
on the arrows.
3-Advanced Options: by clicking on + sign the rest of the dialogue box appears as follows:
4-Resolution: used to determine the image accuracy when printing
5-Color Space: This is used to determine the Image color scheme RGB or Gray scale
6- Fill with: It is used to specify the new image filling color which can be:
-Background Color
-Foreground Color
-White filling the image in white color.
-Transparency to make the image background transparent.

Image types:
Raster Images - Vector Images
There are three modes of color of the image:
RGB mode (red, green and Blue - 256 color degree) - Grayscale mode (up to 256 degrees of
gray ranging from black to white) - Indexed mode.

 Gimp Tools:

7
2023 - 2024
 Selection tools
Rectangle tool Ellipse tool Free Selection (Lasso) Magic Wand tool (Fuzzy) Smart Scissors
Used to draw an Used to select the oval Used to select an Used to specify similar color Used to select the
rectangular shape shape irregular part schemes specific area or
distinctive color
Paint Tools
Pencil Tool Blend Tool Smudge tool Clone Paintbrush
used for free hand used to make color used to mix the current To copy a part of the Used to draw a clear
drawing gradation using the color with the image and paste it in way
front or back color. surrounding colors. another place
Eraser Ink Bucket fill zoom
remove a coloring fountain pen to control Used to fill the To enlarge the picture to see
Space of a picture or drawing distinguished selection. the details more clearly
a drawing. borders and edges
with the brush
Transforming and Resizing Tools
Move tool Crop tool Rotate too Flip Tool Scale tool
Used to move an Used to cut part of an Used to rotate an Used to horizontally or Used to change the
image or image image. image. vertically flip an image. dimensions of an
layers or selection or image.
text.
Layers tab tools
layer invisible add a new layer move layer top move layer lower copy current layer ,delete current layer

8
2023 - 2024