RAM

- Random Access Memory

- Volatile memory
- Temporary stores the files

2 types of RAM
1.STATIC RAM (SRAM)
- 6 transistors
- Faster than Dynamic
2.DYNAMIC RAM (DRAM)
- pair of transistors

ROM
- Read-Only Memory
- Non-Volatile
- Permanently stores instructions

4 Types of ROM
1. Programmable ROM
- written AFTER the memory chip
2. Erasable Programmable ROM
- can be erased by exposing it to high-intensity UV light
3. Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM
- can be electrically erased using field electron emission
4. Mask ROM
- written DURING the manufacturing of the memory chip
CPU
- Central Processing Unit
- Brain of the Computer
- The logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drive a
computer
- The portion of a computer that retrieves and executes instructions.
CPU SOCKET
- The physical connection between a computer processor and an industrial grade
motherboard.
Motherboard and its part
3 major form factors sizes for motherboards
1. Mini – ITX
2. Micro ATX
3. ATX
Internal Motherboard Ports
CPU Socket
– Where the CPU or PROCESSOR PLUGS IN
ATX Power Connector
– Second of two power connections
– Main power connection for motherboard
– Comes from POWER SUPPLY
CPU Power Connector
– Connector that interfaces between the motherboard and the processor

Introduction to Personal Computer

Types of PC

 Stationary
- Desktops PCs, Mini Computer and Mainframes
- Used in Offices or School
 Mobile
- Laptop, Notebook, Tablet, PDAs, Smartphones and Potable Data Terminals
- Portable or HAND HELD
MOTHERBOARD
- All components and external peripherals connect
PROCESSOR
- Provides the instructions and processing power the computer needs to do its
work
CASE/CHASSIS
- Frame that houses the internal components of a computer
FLOPPY DRIVE
- OBSOLETE TYPE OF DISK STORAGE of a thin and flexible disk of a magnetic
storage
FLOPPY DISK
- Stores digital data which can be read and written when the disk is INSERTED IN
FLOPPY DISK DRIVE
HARD DISK
- FLAT CIRCULAR PLATE made in aluminum or glass
- For PC that can store Terabytes (Trillions of bytes) of information
- Non volatile data storage device
KEYBOARD
- Putting information including letters, words and numbers into your computer
MOUSE
- HAND HELP POINTING DEVICE that defects two-dimensional motion relative to
a surface
VIDEO CARD or GRAPHICS CARD
- INTERGRATED CIRCUIT that generates the VIDEO SIGNAL sent to a computer
display
MONITOR (DISPLAY)
- Electronic device used to DISPLAY VIDEO OUTPUT from computers
SOUND CARD
- Expansion card or IC for PRODUCING SOUND on a computer that can be heard
through speakers or headphones
SPEAKERS
- Output hardware device that CONNECTS TO A COMPUTER TO GENERATE
SOUND
MODEM
- CONVERTS DATA from a digital format into a format suitable for an analog
transmission medium
- Used to CONNECT WITH INTERNET

Basic computer hardware and its functions.

FIVE MAIN HARDWARE COMPONENTS in a computer system
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communication devices.
INPUT UNIT
- computer input unit is defined as an INPUT DEVICE
- a piece of computer hardware apparatus used to supply a data processing
system
- Mouse, keyboards, scanners, joysticks, and digital cameras
OUTPUT UNIT
- can be text, graphics, tactile, audio, or video
- monitors, printers, speakers, headphones, projectors, GPS devices, optical
mark readers, and braille readers.
STORAGE UNIT
Computer Storage Device
- hardware device which can be used to store digital data and applications
- key component of a computer
COMMUNICATION DEVICE
- hardware device capable of transmitting an analog or digital signal over the
telephone
5 communication devices

 Bluetooth devices
 Infrared devices
 Modem (over phone line)
 Network card (using Ethernet)
 Smartphone
 Wi-Fi devices (using a Wi-Fi router)
IO CONNECTION
- INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTION
- The communication between an information processing system
I/O PORTS
- I/O ports allow for connections to hardware. This hardware could be internal
or external
TYPES OF IO PORTS

 INTERNAL PORT
- It connects the system's motherboard to internal devices like hard disk, CD
drive, internal Bluetooth, etc.
 EXTERNAL PORT
- It connects the system's motherboard to external devices like a mouse, printer,
USB, etc.
POWER SUPPLY
- electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load
- main purpose of a power supply is to convert electric current from a source

PRACTICE OHS PROCEDURES

OHS - Occupational Health And Safety
anti ESD - Anti Electrostatic Discharge
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 wet chemical
 CO2
 dry powder
 foam and water
OPERATING SYSTEM
- a software that acts as an interface between computer hardware components
and the user.
- helps you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak
the computer’s language.
HISTORY OF OS
- first developed in the late 1950s
- General Motors Research Lab
- In mid-1960s operating systems started to use disks
- late 1960s, the first version of the Unix OS was developed
- first OS built by Microsoft was DOS. It was built in 1981
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)

 Batch Operating System

 Multitasking/Time Sharing O
 Multiprocessing OS
 Real Time OS
 Distributed OS
 Network OS
 Mobile OS