D.A.V.

PUBLIC SCHOOL, THANE

SESSION 2023-2024
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION (I.T)
STD X FILE REPORT
As part of Internal Assessment students will have to submit File Report which
carries 10 marks. Date of Submission: January 10, 2024.
 The first page should be colourful with the Topic, Name, Std, Div and Roll
No. of student.
 A4 size pages to be used. (Color /with design)
 The contents to be handwritten neatly and filed properly or can be punched
and tied with satin ribbon.
 The contents of the File report are given below:

TOPIC: Database Management System

A database management system is a software package with computer programs that controls the
creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop
databases for various applications. A database is an integrated collection of data records, files,
1
and other objects. A DBMS allows different user application programs to concurrently access the
same database.
Well known DBMSs include Oracle, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access,
PostgreSQL, MySQL, FoxPro, and SQLite.
Data can be organized into two types:
• Flat File: Data is stored in a single table. Usually suitable for less amount of data.
• Relational: Data is stored in multiple tables and the tables are linked using a common field.
Relational is suitable for medium to large amount of data.
Database Servers
2 Database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS
and related software. Typically, databases available on the database servers are accessed
throughcommand line or graphic user interface tools referred to as Frontends; database servers
are referred to as Back-ends. Such type of data access is referred to as a client-server model.
Advantages of Database
 Reduces Data Redundancy
The database management systems contain multiple files that are to be stored in many different
locations in a system or even across multiple systems. Because of this, there were sometimes
multiple copies of the same file which lead to data redundancy.
 This is prevented in a database as there is a single database and any change in it is reflected
3,4,5 immediately. Because of this, there is no chance of encountering duplicate data.
 Sharing of Data
In a database, the users of the database can share the data among themselves. There are various
levels of authorisation to access the data, and consequently the data can only be shared based
with the authorized users.
Many remote users can also access the database simultaneously and share the data between
themselves.
 Data Integrity
Data integrity means that the data is accurate and consistent in the database. Data Integrity is
very important as there are multiple databases in a DBMS. All of these databases contain data
that is visible to multiple users. So it is necessary to ensure that the data is correct and consistent
in all the databases and for all the users.
 Data Security
Data Security is an important concept in a database. Only authorised users should be allowed to
access the database and their identity should be authenticated using a username and password.
Unauthorised users should not be allowed to access the database under any circumstances as it
violates the integrity constraints.
 Privacy
The privacy rule in a database states that only the authorized users can access a database
according to its privacy constraints. To secure data levels are set in the database and a user can
only view the data which is allowed to be seen. For example - In social networking sites, access
constraints are different for different accounts a user may want to access.
 Backup and Recovery
Database Management System automatically takes care of backup and recovery. The users don't
need to backup data periodically because this is taken care of by the DBMS. Moreover, it also
restores the database after a crash or system failure to its previous condition.
 Data Consistency
Data consistency is ensured in a database because there is no data redundancy. Data Consistency
means there should be multiple mismatching copies of the same data. All data appears
consistently across the database and must be same for all the users viewing the database.
Moreover, any changes made to the database are immediately reflected to all the users and there
is no data inconsistency.
 6 RETRIEVE DATA USING QUERY
What is query?
As the name suggests, query is to collect specific information from the pool of data. A query
helps us join information from different tables and filter that information. Filtering means that
the query uses criteria you provide to hide some data and present only what you want to see.
A SELECT statement retrieves zero or more rows from one or more database tables or database
views. In most applications, SELECT is the most commonly used Data Manipulation
Language(DML) command.
The SELECT statement has many optional clauses:
• WHERE specifies which rows to retrieve.
• ORDER BY specifies an order in which to return the rows.
To retrieve all the columns in a table the syntax is:
SELECT * FROM <TABLENAME>;
Grouping of Data
7 To display the records containing the same type of values “WHERE” clause can be used with the
Select SQL Command.
To view records in ascending order of RollNo, from the table the select statement will be:
select * from SDetails order by “Rollno” ASC;
UPDATE statement
Update statement is used for modifying records in a database. The general syntax of the update
statement is as follows:
UPDATE <table_name>
SET <column_name> = value [, column_name = value ...]
[WHERE <condition>];

Forms and Reports in Database

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A form provides the user a systematic way of storing information into the database. It is an
interface in a user specified layout that lets users to view, enter, and change data directly in
database objects such as table.
A report helps to display the data in a summarized manner. It is used to generate the overall work
outcome in a clear format. You can create reports in the database.

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