CBSE Test Paper 04

Chapter 1 Relations and Functions

1. The range of the function f(x) = is

a.
b.
c.
d.
2. Let R be the relation in the set {1, 2, 3, 4} given by R = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (1, 1), (4, 4), (1, 3),
(3, 3), (3, 2)}. Then R is
a. An equivalence relation.
b. Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive.
c. Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
d. Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
3. The identity element for the binary operation * defined on Q - {0} as a * b = a, b
∈ Q - {0} is
a. 1
b. 0
c. 2
d.
4. A relation R on a non-empty set A is said to be an equivalence relation if
a. R is reflexive and symmetric
b. R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive
c. R is symmetric and transitive
d. R is reflexive and transitive
5. Let f : {1, 3, 4} → {1, 2, 5} and g : {1, 2, 5} → {1, 3} be given by f = {(1, 2), (3, 5), (4, 1)} and
g = {(1, 3), (2, 3), (5, 1)}. Then gof is
a. {(1, 3), (3, 1), (4, 1)}
b. {(1, 3), (3, 1), (4, 3)}
c. {(1, 3), (3, 3), (4, 3)}
d. {(1, 3), (3, 3), (4, 1)}
6. A relation R defined on a set A is said to be ________, if (x, y) R and (y, z) R (x, z)

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 R, where x, y, z A.
7. The set of second elements of all ordered pairs in R, i.e. {y : (x, y) R} is called the
________ of relation R.
8. The inverse of a bijective function is also a ________ function.
9. Show that a one – one function f: {1, 2, 3} {1, 2, 3} must be onto.
10. Prove that the function f: R R, given by f(x) = 2x, is one – one.

11. Let f : R R be the function defined by f(x) = 4x - 3 x R. Then write f-1

12. Define universal relation. Give example.
13. Let f : R R be defined as f(x) = 10x + 7. Find the function g : R R such that gof =
fog = IR.

14. Let T be the set of all triangles in a plane with R a relation in T given by R = {(T1, T2):

T1 is congruent to T2}.

Show that R is an equivalence relation.

15. Let f : X Y be an invertible function. Show that the inverse of f-1 is f, i.e., (f-1)-1 = f.
16. Let * be the binary operation on N given by a * b = L.C.M. of a and b, Find:
i. 5 * 7, 20 * 16
ii. Is * commutative?
iii. Is * associative?
iv. Find the identity of * in N.
17. Give an example of a relation, which is:
i. Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.
ii. Transitive but neither reflexive nor symmetric.
iii. Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
iv. Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
18. Show that the relation R defined in the set A of all triangles as R = { is
similar to T2 }, is an equivalence relation. Consider three right angle triangles T1 with

sides 3, 4, 5. T2 with sides 5, 12, 13 and T3 with sides 6, 8, 10. Which triangles among

T1, T2 and T3 are related?

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 CBSE Test Paper 04
Chapter 1 Relations and Functions

Solution

1. b.
Explanation: We have, f(x) = , which always gives non-negative values
of f(x) for all x R. Therefore range of the given function is all non-negative real
numbers i.e. .

2. d. Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric

Explanation: The relation R is not symmetric, (1,2) R , but (2,1) R , (1,3) R
,but (3,1) R , (3,2) R, but (2,3) R.

3. c. 2
Explanation: If the identity element is e, then, a*e = a = e * a
.

4. b. R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive

Explanation: A relation R on a non empty set A is said to be reflexive if xRx for
all x A.
A relation R on a non empty set A is said to be symmetric if xRy yRx, for all x,
y A.
A relation R on a non empty set A is said to be transitive if xRy and yRz x Rz,
for all x,y,z A.
An equivalence relation satisfies all these three properties.

5. b. {(1, 3), (3, 1), (4, 3)}

Explanation: (gof)(1)=g(f(1))=g(2)=3, (gof)(3)=g(f(3))=g(5)=1, (gof)
(4)=g(f(4))=g(1)=3,
6. transitive
7. range
8. bijective
9. Since, f is one - one three elements of {1, 2, 3} must be taken to 3 different elements of
the co - domain {1, 2, 3} under f. Hence, f has to be onto.
10. x1 ,x2 are two different elements of R

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 Let f(x1) = f (x​2)

2x1 = 2x2

x1 = x2, hence f is one-one.

11. Given that f(x) = 4x - 3 = y (say), then 4x = y + 3

Hence
12. A Relation R in a set A called universal relation if each element of A is related to every
element of A.
Eg. Let A = {2,3,4}
R = (A A) = {(2,2),(2,3) (2,4) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4)}
13. Given: f(x) = 10x + 7
Now gof = g[f(x)] = g(10x+7) fog = f[g(x)] = 10g(x) + 7
10g(x) + 7 = IR(x) = x

14. R is reflextive, since every triangle is congruent to itself.

Now
(T1, T2) R means T1 is congruent to T2. So we can say that T2 is also congruent to T1.

T2 T1

Therefore (T2, T1) R

So R is symmetric.
Now
(T1, T2) R and (T2, T3) R

That means T1 is congruent to T2 and T2 is congruent to T3

so we can say that T1 is congruent to T3

(T1, T3) R Since three triangles are congruent to each other.

Therefore, R is transitive
Now since R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive
Therefore, R is an equivalence relation
15. Let f: X Y be an invertible function.
Then f is one-one and onto
g:y X where g is also one-one and onto such that

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 gof(x) = Ix and fog(y) = Iy

g = f-1

Now, f-1o(f-1)-1 = I and fo[f-1o(f-1)-1] = foI

[fof-1]o(f-1)-1 = f

Io(f-1)-1 = f

(f-1)-1 = f

16. a * b = L.C.M. of a and b

i. 5 * 7 = L.C.M. of 5 and 7 = 35
20 * 16 = L.C.M. of 20 and 16 = 80
ii. a * b = L.C.M. of a and b = L.C.M. of b and a = b*a
Therefore, operation * is commutative.
iii. a*(b*c) = a*(L.C.M. of b and c) = L.C.M. of (a and L.C.M. of b and c)
= L.C.M. of a, b and c
Similarly, (a * b)*c = L.C.M. of a, b and c
Thus, a*(b*c) = (a*b)*c
Therefore, the operation is associative.
iv. Identity of * in N = 1 because a*1 = L.C.M. of a and 1 = a
17. i. The relation “is perpendicular to”. l1 is not perpendicular to l1, so R is not

reflexive. If l1 l2 then l2 l1, however if l1 l2 and l2 l3 then l1 is not

perpendicular to l3.

ii. So it is clear that R “is perpendicular to” is a symmetric but neither reflexive nor
transitive.
iii. Relation R = {(x, y) : x > y}
We know that x > x is false. Also x > y but y > x is false and if x > y, y > z this
implies x > z.
Therefore, R is transitive, but neither reflexive nor symmetric.
iv. “is friend of” R = {(x, y) : x is a friend of y}
It is clear that x is friend of x,
R is reflexive.
Also x is friend of y and y is friend of x.

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 R is symmetric.
Also if x is friend of y and y is friend of z then x cannot be friend of z
R is not transitive.
Therefore, R is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
v. “is greater or equal to” R = {(x, y) : x y}
It is clear that x x
R is reflexive.
And x y does not imply y x
R is not symmetric.
But x y, y z x z R is transitive.
Therefore, R is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
18. i. Each triangle is similar to itself thus (T1, T1) R

R is reflexive.
ii. (T1, T2) R

T1 is similar to T2

T2 is similar to T1

(T2, T1) R

R is symmetric
iii. T1 is similar to T2 and T2 is similar to T3

​ T1 is similar to T3

(T1, T3) R

R is transitive.
Hence R is the equivalence
(II) part T1 = 3, 4, 5

T2 = 5, 12, 13

T3 = 6, 8, 10

T1 is relative to T3.

as T1 IS SIMILAR TO T3

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