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CH 2 Sampling 1

This document discusses discrete-time signals and their manipulation. It defines key concepts like sampling rate, sampling period, impulse sequences, unit step sequences, and sinusoidal sequences. It also describes various manipulations that can be performed on discrete-time signals, including shifting, flipping, multiplication, and addition. Discrete-time signals can be periodic, and the period of sinusoidal sequences depends on their frequency.

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16 views32 pages

CH 2 Sampling 1

This document discusses discrete-time signals and their manipulation. It defines key concepts like sampling rate, sampling period, impulse sequences, unit step sequences, and sinusoidal sequences. It also describes various manipulations that can be performed on discrete-time signals, including shifting, flipping, multiplication, and addition. Discrete-time signals can be periodic, and the period of sinusoidal sequences depends on their frequency.

Uploaded by

Nonny'zKunGz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EN213107

Digital Signal Processing


Sampling & Signal Manipulation 1
(Sampling Rate Conversion)
2/2566
Assoc. Prof. Nararat RUANGCHAIJATUPON
Department of Electrical Engineering
Khon Kaen University
Discrete-time vs. Digital Signal
• Most DT signals are obtained from CT signals
by sampling
– Sampling Instants
– Sampling Interval
• Equal sampling interval  Sampling period
• If DT signal’s amplitude can only assume
values from a finite set, then it is called a
digital signal.
– Binary form
2
Sampling

Source: System and signal analysis, Chi-Tsong Chen, 2nd Ed.

• Sampling instants: The instants at which the data


appear
• Sampling interval: The time interval between 2
subsequent sampling instants
• Equal sampling interval -> sampling period
3
Elementary DT Signals & Manipulation
• Sampling period T (T>0)
f(t) -> f(kT)
f[k] := f(kT)
for all integer k in (- , )
• DT signals are also called sequence
• Positive-time sequence

• Negative-time sequence

4
Constant Sequence
• Fig. 1.19(a)

• for all integer k

• Constant sequence is a two-sided sequence

5
Impulse Sequence
• Fig. 1.19(b)

0 for k ≠ 0
 k   
1 for k = 0
• Impulse sequence is also called Kronecker
delta sequence
6
Impulse Sequence (cont.)
-

• Right-shift (Delay) 1 D G
2

0 for k  i
 k  i   
& DK
I
i

1 for k  i &

• Left-shift (Advance) 1

①
1

0 for k  i
⑨

 k  i    I D

1 for k  i
S

z
- 1

• Note that i is fixed, k is varied

7
Example
Sequence: f[-2]=4, f[-1]=0, f[0]=2, f[1]=0, f[2]=-5, f[3]=1

8
Exercise 1.5.1
Express the following sequence in terms of
impulse sequence:
1. f[-5]=-5, f[-3]=-3, f[-1]=-1, f[1]=1, f[2]=-2

2. f[k]=k-2, for k=0,1,2,3 and f[k]=0, otherwise

9
Unit Step Sequence
• Fig 1.19(c)

10
Unit Step Sequence (cont.1)
• Right-shift (Delay) • Left-shift (Advance)

11
Unit Step Sequence (cont.2)
• q[-k]: Negative-time sequence
flip q[k] across k=0

12
Unit Step Sequence (cont.3)

13
Unit Step Sequence (cont.4)

14
Rectangular Sequence
• Fig 1.20

15
Rectangular Sequence (cont.)

16
Unit Ramp Sequence

17
Real Exponential Sequence

18
Exercise 1.5.5
Plot bk with b=-1 for k=-1, 0, 1, 2, and 3.
Do the same for b=2 and b=-5.

19
Answer

20
Signal Manipulation
• Shifting
– Delay (Right Shift)
– Advance (Left Shift)
• Flipping
• Multiplication
– Constant sequence
– Truncation (multiplied by q[k])
– Windowing (multiplied by a rectangular sequence)
• Addition
– Point-to-point summation
21
Discrete-time Signal Manipulation
1. f[-k] is the flipping f[k] to the negative time
with respect to k=0
2. f[k-i] is the shifting f[k] to the right by i
sampling instants.
3. f[k+i] is the shifting f[k] to the left by i
sampling instants.

22
Discrete-time Signal Manipulation
(cont.1)

4. f[-k+i] is the shifting of f[-k] to the right by i


sampling instants or the flipping of f[k-i] to
the negative time with respect to k=i.
5. f[-k-i] is the shifting of f[-k] to the left by i
sampling instants or the flipping of f[k+i] to
the negative time with respect to k=-i.

23
Discrete-time Signal Manipulation
(cont.2)

24
Discrete-time Signal Manipulation
(cont.3)

25
Discrete-time Periodic Sequence

26
Sinusoidal Sequence and Its Frequency

27
Sinusoidal Sequence and Its Frequency
(cont.1)

• Example1

28
Sinusoidal Sequence and Its Frequency
(cont.2)

• Example2

29
Time
for
Questions?
Sinusoidal Sequence and Its Frequency
(cont.3)

Which of the following are periodic? If any are,


find their periods.
(a) sin 0.1k
(b) cos 10.1 k
(c) sin 0.1 k
(d) cos 3 k/7

31
32

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