RM

UNITVI
1. Explain the importance of a well-crafted title in a scientific paper.

whatconsiderations should be taken into account when selecting
keywords toaccompanythe title?
A well-written title is balanced for being informative and concise, as well as
attractively conveying the main topic, highlighting the importance of the
study. For writing a good title, it should be drafted correctly, accurately,
carefully, and meticulously by the main study keywords.
The title of your manuscript is usually the first introduction readers have to
your published work. Therefore, you must select a title that grabs attention,
accurately describes the contents of your manuscript, and makes people
want to read further.
Think like a customer. To embark on a successful keyword research journey,
first identify who your target audience is..
Study the competition....
• Understand the long tail keyword....
Analyze Keyword Metrics..
Monitor the results and make adjustments.
2. Discuss the role of figures and schematics in enhancing the communication

ofscientificinformation.
Methods of presenting the data:-
Directly in the text
In a table
In a figure
All figures and tables must be accompanied by a textual presentation of
the key findings.
Never have a table or figure that is not mentioned in the text.
Tables are appropriate for large or complicated data sets that would be difficult to
explain clearly in text.
Figures are appropriate for data sets that exhibit trends, patterns, or relationships
that are best conveyed visually.
Any table or figure must be sufficiently described by its title and caption or legend,
to be understandable without reading the main text of the results section.
Do not include both a table and a figure showing the same information.
3. Outline the key components of a well-structured methods section in

ascientificpaper.
Create an outline first
Plan on multiple drafts:
– Filename with dates
– One filename written over with new draft
◼ Tables/figures early: prompt more analysis
◼ Deadlines for you and coauthors.
4. Describetheessentialpartsofwritingascientificpaper./Describethelayoutofare
searchpaper.
Title: Describe concisely the core contents of the paper
Abstract: Summarize the major elements of the paper
Introduction: provide context and rationale for the study
Materials: Describe the experimental design so it is reproducible.
Methods: Describe the experimental procedures
Results: Summarize the findings without interpretation
Discussion: Interpret the findings of the study
Summary: Summarize the findings
Acknowledgement: Give credit to those who helped you
References: List all scientific papers, books and websites that you cited.
5. ExplainIMRADformat.
I = Introduction, what question (problem) was studied
M = Methods, how was the problem studied
R = Results, what are the findings
A = and
D = Discussion, what do these findings mean
Early journals published descriptive papers (still used in case reports, geological
surveys etc..)
By the second half of the 19th century, reproducibility of experiments became a
fundamental principle of the philosophy of science.
The methods section became all important since Louis Pasteur confirmed the germ
theory of disease
IMRAD organization of a scientific paper started to develop
IMRAD format slowly progressed in the latter half of the 19th century.
6. Whatisreferencing?ExplainthedifferentsystemsofIn-textcitations.
Referencing is a standardized way of acknowledging the sources of information
and ideas that you have used in your document.
A list of ALL the references used in the text must be written.
Reference format varies widely:
– Harvard format (the name and year system) is the most widely used
– Alphabet-Number system is a modification of name and year system
– Citation order system.
In-text citations
In name and year system:
◼ Citation in the text is followed by the author’s last name and year of publication
between parentheses.
– If they were two authors then both last names are written.
– If more than two then the only first author’s name is written followed by the
abbreviation et al
◼ If a single statement requires more than one citation then the references are
arranged chronologically from oldest to more recent, separated by semicolons.
– If more than one reference share the same year then they are arranged
alphabetically within the year.
In alphabet-number system:
◼ Citation by number from an alphabetically arranged numbered reference list.
In Citation order system:
◼ The references are numbered in the order they are mentioned in the text.
7. Writeshortnoteson,(a)researchmetrics(b)journalimpactfactor
Research metrics :-
They are quantitative indicators or measures that provide some evidence of the
impact of a research output. A research output can be a journal, a journal article, a
book, book chapter or the overall research productivity. They fall into 2 categories,
bibliometrics and altmetrics.
Journal Impact Factor :-Number of citations to a journal in a given year from

articles occurring in the past 2 years, divided by the number of s scholarly articles
published in the journal in the past 2 years
h-index:- "A scientist has index h if h of his/her Np papers have at least h citations
each and the other (Np-h) papers have no more than h citations each" (Hisrch 2005)
Eg an h-index of 25 tells us that an author has written 25 papers which have each
been cited at least 25 times.
i10 index:-110 index refers to the number of paper with 10 or more citations. It was
introduced in July 2011 by Google as part of their work on Google Scholar, a search
engine dedicated to academic and related papers.
Journal impact factor:-

The impact factor (IF) is a measure of the frequency with which the average article
in a journal has been cited in a particular year. It is used to measure the importance
or rank of a journal by calculating the times its articles are cited.
Search on Impact Factor (current year - 2 years)(e.g. for now,search: impact factor
2015.
A= total cites in 2015
B= 2015 cites to articles published in 2013-14 (this is a subset of A)
C= number of articles published in 2013-14
D= B/C = 2015 impact factor
8. Explain different forms of research metrics.
Journal Metrics, such as Impact Factor, helps track citation patterns within journals
and determine which journals are highly-cited.
Author Metrics measure the impact and productivityof a researcher.
Article Metrics, or citation tracking, is used to determine if an article, book, journal,
or particular author has been cited by another work.
Altmetrics help researchers measure their impact from papers, data sets, websites,
blog posts, and more.

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UNITVI

1. Explain the importance of a well-crafted title in a scientific paper.

2. Discuss the role of figures and schematics in enhancing the communication

3. Outline the key components of a well-structured methods section in

Journal Impact Factor :-Number of citations to a journal in a given year from

Journal impact factor:-

8. Explain different forms of research metrics.

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