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D whok one the Various Flowchart cyibolla? Explor
With dolguem. Diow aabloachaad 1e, tnbus Howe
monks, Hen Compute and cuAsbsoy He Percentage?
Ang: Flowthart Symbols Can Ahow Ye blow ond
Logic \pekween {otas and Concebts.
ane Used tn walling 1 Some in fount and Some In
advertising.
Bosic Elowthart S symbols:
\. The oval % fhe oval ot Pill Shope vreprusent the
Stent lend,
aes
The Oval ot PU Ahape
the_R Shape s-
the Rectorgle Shabe the Rectangle Shope (4
Neprecsent & Process.
(cs
& engl ¢ Ahape
- forall -
A. fan elogtam Shape ‘- farallelossam Ahabe rep
the Prput/outbt 4 Hy ‘uber
ae,
fi anal elo an
Noa
\P 4. Diamand Shape'- Diamond Ahope ne pnesenks
a decision.
fo
/
Diamond
Shope
SF Ayrow shobes- Agnew Shebe supnesents a
plow ob Hae Sequence.
aoe
tase Ane WwW
Shape Genenat Pnocedure %-().wWoute a Valid od gosuithm,
©. Use appropriate Symbols bet each Step ob Your
al
gosuthm, :
@ Remember, every Aowchant betgs with a Start
Sends with a Stop,
O Adtee Completing the
Visi,
eran
Finally
Construction 6b hflowehost
the above Steps, check & test ft with Some
Qe
, gourr Fowchark will be cee
82 What one the bitwise operatons? Explain how
thwise openotos one difberrt rom othen oberoton?
Explain witha Preben example to ue trade, Hne
weirting ob oll We bitwise apencdons?
Ans Bitwise gperotons 2 In Ci the folowing 6 op ehaikes
on bitwise openatans.
A» Qlbthwise AND) Tn Coe cH fakes two number
ob opiands and does AVD en
Quay bit 0b two numben then sesult of AMD rsd
only 4 both tts oned.
oA J Cbftue oR) & Ty Cm Ctt taker Lwo number
oA opetonds and does oR &
every bit 66 +wo number, the nesult ob RA 4 Oh
any sb the two bits fad,
3. AUothwise XO) Tn cot cH takes tug numbers a
ie operands and cloes Yor en every
bit ob two number. the mesilt a4 vor Ps 4 3 Phe
wo bits ore olifferenk,
We << Chebt Ahi) *- Lh cog crt 4, o humba
roo. ANG she ile aide des ee § ol vi c ? U5
nedwin 05
3
outbut—
O=5,b=9
a& bal
olb=\3
a*%b= 2
was -6
b <
rat main ()
t
bscivath ("xd \n" ole);
point (“Zo\n", ole);
punkh C1 o\n", 8);
net wn 05
5
wtput ;-
outbul |
Jo
Jo F
G4 s- hak ane teb- down and bottam— ob dean
a Sutin in Programming 2 4
Pinas. the Tof-Down Approach’- tn the top - down abbsieac
= i a Combhex ol g.osuith m
a bnoken down into Smaller f sogiments ellen
Krows ot ‘modules’. These madules ae then twwh ex broken down rnto Smaller Frigg manks Unk they fan
Do Lon, en be. bora, ments,
Advantages*-+farh module of Code ts tobe Headed
Separately.
, Bovating a Problem down fnto Smaller Chunks makes
H box %eouion to Understand, Aolve anol manage.
“Teatig and dlebugging ane efticient and Casien,
Drawbacks:- *Shectication fends to change Over Aime
eae eae th. a top-down oppsioach, al decision
Mode from the beigtnning 66 the Prroset olepend dined,
t Prd inectt 7
: dn namic Poeogramrntng We top-down abbnoach
[A Slow as Compared to” the bottom - uP abpnoach, of
it Prvolves necursion,
Battom -UP AppSioach = Contrary to the tob- down obboroach
; bottom - up Porog4a mening focus ex
on od 2 algosuithn by beginning at the
Very basic Level ond building UP os PF jou
Adlentase:- + Tit Conditone ane easier fo Coeale,
*obsewvalton of test nests % eouser,
* Contains Less grtedundanc due to the Presence
06 He clata encapsulation and olata- hasreling,
. Res obrLity of the Cocle.
Daubacks*- + Tn the Bottom - up abbroach, we Salve
i all Sob- Problima, which sreeytures crdlolitid.
nal Colewations,
"In the Bottom— uP Opp roach, Something Ph Pack:
Cult fo jolente4y the ovenal/ Functionality ot the
Systm tn He Pnebeat Stages. he
é
Tat - down Abbsoach
Botlorn UP Abperoach
gsr what ane the Kewonds inc? List the nules
fox naming a Vasiable in c?
Ans’ Key woods ahe wWohds thet have spewed ame
= 1% Complies. In trandtahon Phos Band & an
jolenkifier Cont have the Same Apelliig and Cases 04
C Keyword.
Ex Codes $pinuuding
fot man)
t St bet, C2185
char at='T 5
brinth (hora en Value 2 %cln", ot )3
lopdtbl’ Titeg et Vedue 2 ped\t xd\n"6,0)%
netusn 0;
3 Sus bus t-
Chanacten Value % 7
Integer Value. It 18
Rules *
“1A Vaniable Con have alphabets, cligits ond
Under score.
Variable name Con Start with ty atbhebet
: ae UnderAcore only. Jt Conle Start with a digit.
tee "5 allowed within the Vasuabse
aw Vesiable name must not be ony gusenved
word 6 Keyword.
Bee Explain the difheunt Kinds ot Loos averilabs
inc with exambles?
Anse Loobing Statement In © execule, the Seanad
SF op Chakemenks many Limes unt te
Condi ton \becomes fake. A had en c Comat, two .
| a bedy ao boob and Cantyiol Stotement.
jwhitle Loob fn C1 A while Locp Px the most ee
forward Looping Structures while Joop
Cynon we Propramnmirg Pohgoont ty os follows?
Sywkax t-
whihe hs Condition)
i
Soke anks 5
i oO
Exe FoLowtiy Program fllustnates while Loop Pn
c Progeomming example.
Hnclude < Stevo h>
Hiindode< Cove h7
Ink main ) :
Iyd nume=l;
while (num
Hindle < con h?
futmen )
Tat num =l5
do
Lu ("% d\n", 28 pum)
num+t5
3
while (num <= 195
utum (2)
3 Fon Loop t- A Fox Loch 2s a mone ebbicent
loch Atwutwe fn tc! e
& inc’ Prostomming, The
dentral Structure 64 fet Loob S ira?
A Lollows? Ap Spar a Ee
S 4
Syntay? for Crnttial Value;
Conditions incuemental:
dlecrtmentotion) nee
Statements + Ex: Following Peeytom Mustnates the bor Joop
In & Px opto mmung 0 xa mpl:
# include < Stolio.h>
int mon O)
lat numbers
For (number n-1} number 1-104 number +4)
[- Jo numbers
i
prcintd ("soal|n", number);
5
Juturn os
5
o
ut |
PD HO BR gy po EL
°
84+ Eyploin goto, brok and Coritinue Stote ments
Pr Cc. WAP to Pyuint Table eb a Numbex Using
Joto Statemunts.
Ses fut Geka In ¢ Peyton, baat
i Stofemunt fs Used With Condit
-onal 3b Stotemunts,
\D Continue Statement s- Jt 1% Sometimes desinabhe
a to Skip Some Statements Paste
Sie: deeki Le Such: Casa» .Covtioue . Stademehb: 3A
Used.
(roto Statement t- Inc Pac grammerg , goto State mew
ts Ps Used bog cul tering the vesgumet
sevens vf Poo yeam execution by thamfomrg
Control te Some athen bart of the Psosiom.
Ex* Progtam-
Hfnclude< Stolia. h>
# Includes Cowo. h>
Void mainl )
'
nt J2V
Chasen 5
Count; ai
prints (Xan i)5
v/
dts
3h Li<= 1s)
t goto Count §
getch C 5
3
Qustbut
BODHLAE)-Ped ys HAF
° 89- who au the Vaw'ovs Contnal Statement fi
ae Lomguage?
pnate Control Statements s In ¢ Longuages, the
ee Control of the Program
Plows Asem a fiven Paptruction to ayothe,. tuts
+ybe 06 Contned plow that occur bom any
given Command to Gnothes,
Tyb
1b. 94 Statement This tybe 04 Satement wowed
ee 5 Croble o Programmer to Choose
aus Indtruchon Sets on the basis 66 dre
Available Conditions,
© Simbse Ole o¢ Mull else
* Else 3b Sladder
° Wedted 3f
* 3b elie
2: The Suttch Statements %- fhe C Jong uage offers It
: UAHA With aq Seleton Stoteme
“WA JW Various ways fn Cue a Program become
Abit +o read with on Increased number ob
Cocition.
3: Condihonal operates Statemonts-
The ¢ Lan vage alto Comes whth
Openeto.n °
Operato.n,
04 Whot Ps tybe Convemion in c?
a Very Unvsual
ot Its PHogtammens - the Conditional
Amis Tybe Convenions Tybe Convenion tne 4
tha Process ob Converhing
ome data tybe to another, ee two types ef Conversion.
J Lmbbot Type Conversion’- Avo Known ot ‘autome
-te' type Conversion
A. Done by the Campy: i a :
ext t Compiler on its own, trout
eine trugge fom the Usch. ae
8. ee types 06 the Vasuable are UPyrade
dota type of the Vanaible with He Langot
dota 4 ype.
bool
Short ink
(Cit)
(CC dovbe
Cory dovble
- eeu Tybe Conversion: This Erocess 14 also
' ; Called + ;
and Pt is User- defined. Here be Cashing
Ha result 4 woke 66 a. Paxticolan ci tao
a Expliut tybe ) Hugher
L Conversion Dota
ie tybe Oloe- Give any 2 HHorence between while
~~ Shatemmt and olo-~ while Statenunt?
Bngs- white Dowwile
p
IPL Checks the Thebeob wri executes
Condi Hon finak the Statement ok
and Hun exc ules Jawt ance, tron He
Chotements Condition fA chee Kedl.
Bit th on eukoiy It f an eutt Cortno-
Controlled Noob. eal Qoob.
Olle Gfves ans +uo dikbeence between Comb ers
§ fywhedbnetens?
Ana Compiler
1. A Combpater: r+ PA
not Alex?ble.
Th Px mone fh PA Sess epbicie
ehbicienk.
Trenton
PE fs Mewible,
