Course code:

MENG324
Course title:
signal processing and logic design
Report’s title:
digital clock using 7 segments.

Instructor’s name:
Dr. Tarek Ahmed

Submitted from:

Haneen Gado 202002850

Mariam Tarek Elnaggar 202001329
Amer Samy 18200076
Omar Ahmed Abdelshafi 202002190
Rana Reda Taha 202002245
Karim Hany Aref 1720040
Contents:

Historical Background..................................................................................................................................3
Summery:....................................................................................................................................................4
Methodology:..............................................................................................................................................4
Components:...........................................................................................................................................4
Circuit design:..........................................................................................................................................5
Results:........................................................................................................................................................5
Conclusion:..................................................................................................................................................7
Future works................................................................................................................................................8
Historical Background

A stopwatch is a portable timekeeping device that can accurately measure the elapsed time of an
event. It usually consists of a digital or analog display, a start/stop button, and a reset button.
The main purpose of a stopwatch is to provide accurate timekeeping during activities such as
sports, races, experiments, or other situations where accurate timekeeping is essential.
 Invention and Early Development:
Although the concept of accurate timekeeping has ancient origins, the development of the
stopwatch as we know it today began in the 18th century.
The first mechanical stopwatch was developed in his 18th century but was initially large and
cumbersome.
 Thomas Mudge's Huygens' Clock:
In 1732, British watchmaker Thomas Mudge developed a device called the Huygens clock,
which had a second hand that could be started and stopped independently.
 Nicolas Mathieu Rieussec's Chronograph:
In 1821, French watchmaker Nicolas Mathieu Rieussec invented the first known chronograph, a
device that could measure elapsed time. Specially designed for recording horse racing times.
 Advancements in the 20th Century:
The 20th century saw great advances in stopwatch technology. Mechanical stopwatches have
become increasingly sophisticated and are now widely used in various fields such as sports and
scientific experiments.
 Introduction of Digital Stopwatches:
The advent of electronic technology in the mid-20th century led to the development of digital
stopwatches. These devices replaced the traditional mechanical components with electronic
circuits and digital displays.
 Modern Stopwatches:
Today, stopwatches come in a variety of formats, including traditional analog types with
mechanical movements, and digital types with LCD or LED displays.
Many modern stopwatches also have additional features such as lap timing, countdown timers,
and memory for recorded time.

Summery:
A stopwatch is a timepiece that is portable and measures the amount of time that has passed
between turning on and off. On the other hand, a stop clock, which is frequently utilized in
places like sports stadiums, is a sizable digital version of a stopwatch intended for remote
viewing. In this project, we have developed a stopwatch capable of measuring seconds, minutes,
and hours. The circuit operates using a synchronous cascade and a two-stage counter mechanism.
The fundamental idea is to display clock pulses ranging from 0 to 59, representing a 60-second
interval. To achieve this, a 555 Timer IC is configured in A-stable mode, generating clock pulses
with a 1-second interval. As the first counter progresses from 0 to 9, the second counter
commences counting when the first one reaches nine. Once the two 7-segment displays for
seconds reach 59, the minutes timer initiates counting until it also reaches 59 minutes.
Subsequently, the hours timer commences counting until it reaches 11:59. At this point, the
circuit resets and begins counting from 00:00:00. The counter ICs are interconnected in a
cascading arrangement, with each counter output linked to BCD to 7-segment displays.

Methodology:

Components:
Bcd7447

And gate

NAND gate

JK flip-flop
OR gate

Ic 555
(7 segment)

Circuit design:
After we searched about the design of the circuit, we simulated it on online software proteus to
test it before the hardware implementation.

Results:

Sequence of number from 0:59

Number Present state Next state

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
4 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
8 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number Present state Next state

10 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
11 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0

22 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1
23 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0

36 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 1
37 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0

45 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0

58 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
59 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 0
Conclusion:

In conclusion, it has been a fulfilling and instructive experience working on our project to create
a digital clock utilizing a segment display, namely a segment7. With the help of flip-flops and
logic gates like AND and NAND, we were able to effectively combine the skills and information
we had learned in our Meng324 course to produce the required functionality. Our ability to
manage our time well was essential to the project's success. We never wavered in our promise to
provide a digital clock that shows seconds precisely. Because everyone on the team knew exactly
what their responsibilities were, the project was finished ahead of schedule. Although we admit
that the project is not as finished as we had originally intended, we explain this by pointing to the
task's intrinsic complexity. But because of our commitment and persistence, we were able to
learn and go beyond our current understanding and produce a working digital clock. After giving
the project some thought, we see that we could have improved its efficiency and accuracy if we
had had more time and the chance to start over. Nevertheless, the project, which uses a segment7
display to demonstrate a functional digital clock, is a tribute to our combined efforts. All things
considered, we are happy with the outcomes, and this project has given us insightful knowledge
about the creation and use of digital clocks.

Future works

Future work for the segment7 display-based digital clock project could explore and expand upon
the following areas:
 o Advanced Time Features
Increase the digital clock's functionality by adding sophisticated timekeeping features like
countdowns, stopwatch functions, or time zone changes.
o Customization Options
Provide easy-to-use customization options that let users alter the segment7 display's look,
choose between 12- and 24-hour formats, and even tailor the display's format.
o Integration of External Inputs
Investigate the potential of incorporating external inputs to improve the functionality and
environmental responsiveness of the digital clock, such as ambient light or temperature
sensors.
o Wireless Connectivity
Install wireless connectivity features to allow the clock to receive updates, synchronize
with internet time servers, or even establish connections with other smart devices in a
network.
o Power Efficiency
Look into power-saving design techniques, particularly if the digital clock is meant to be
used in battery-operated or portable applications. This could entail looking into low-
power parts or setting up sleep modes for when the clock is not in use.
o Enhanced Alarm Functionality
Enhance the alarm feature by adding numerous alarms, programmable tones, or the
capacity to schedule recurrent alarms for particular days or occasions.
The digital clock with a segment7 display can become a more feature-rich, customizable, and
technologically sophisticated timepiece that suits a wider range of user preferences and
applications by addressing these issues in later development stages.