Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Contemporary
Philippine Arts from
the Regions
Strive for Unity Amidst
Disparity

Quarter 2
Module 2

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Critiques available materials and appropriate techniques.

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 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
 Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
 Discussion - This section provides a short discussion of the lesson. This
aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.
 Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
 Check your understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
 Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

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 EXPECTATIONS

You will critique available local materials and appropriate techniques

used in creating art.
Specifically, this module will help you to
 Critique local materials as applied in creating works of art and ;
 Demonstrate ingenuity and originality in making an artwork by using
appropriate materials that can be found in their locality
 Create an artwork using local materials and appropriate techniques
Let us start your journey in learning more on Ethnocentrism
and Cultural Relativism. I am sure you are ready and excited
to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What is the indigenous basket-backpack found among the various ethno-
linguistic groups of Northern Luzon in the Philippines?
a. bayong c. buslo
b. enapung d. pasikil
2. What is the national footwear of the Philippines in wooden clogs with a
plastic strap and local light wood e.g. santol and laniti?
a. Sandals c. bakya
b. Tsinelas d. espadrilles
3. He is a famous Filipino designer that promoted the use of indigenous
Filipino textile to modern fashion who showcased his work on an event
called "Holiday Haute Couture XII"
a. Barge Ramos c. Patrick Gabutina
b. Anita Feria d. Patis Tesoro
4. What is an example of a tapestry weave, that is considered the oldest and
most traditional technique in producing ornamented woven textiles, aside
from the plain weave technique wherein stripes and plaids are formed?
a. saputangan c. burda
b. inabel d. t’analak
5. She is an artist that uses ceramics and paints these to make a ceiling lamp.
a. Barge Ramos c. Patrick Gabutina
b. Anita Feria d. Patis Tesoro

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 LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON
Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

Pick a Pic!

To prove your understanding of the past lesson, you should be ready to

accomplish this task. You may do the following questions.

Directions: Study the pictures and answer the questions below.

1. Can you identify the regions or provinces presented?

2. What materials do you notice dominate each work of art?
3. In what era was the artwork made?
4. What are the applied techniques in each artwork?

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
It cannot be denied that we Filipinos are proven to be one of the most
creative and resourceful people in the world. This is reflected on how well we create
art using available local materials found in our localities. Regions around the
Philippines have their own artistic products that they can be take pride of, for
example the famous Lantern festival in San Fernando, Pampanga, and the very
decorative MassKara Festival in Bacolod are just some of the evidences that we are
indeed a colorful and variant people. These artworks do not only look festive, but it
also implies a deeper meaning. In order to appreciate and understand these art
forms, one has to analyze the materials and techniques that were utilized to
achieve these wonderful masterpieces.

As Alice Guillermo, a Filipino art historian, critic, academic, and author best
known for her extensive body of art criticism and academic texts on the subject of
Philippine art, puts it, art aesthetics has three premises: first is from the art’s

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content where we create meaning. Every art has different form, compositions and
structures and that’s what it makes every art works unique. Also, every art has
different meanings, not just based on its visual presentation but also the content
deep within an art. Secondly, it is socially and historically situated and is shaped
by the material conditions of society. Art also has its own language and vocabulary.
Art forms such as practices, rituals, crafts and traditions from different tribes and
communities. Every practices, rituals and crafts have its own roots based on the
history, social construct and culture of the community. The third premise is that
aesthetics itself, like art, is socially and historically situated and shaped by the
social conditions of a particular time and place.

DISCUSSIONS

Lesson
Local Materials to
1 Contemporary Arts

Philippines is very rich in natural resources. With our artistic inclinations,

we can maximize the use of these natural resources even in creating arts. Arts
express the artistic feelings towards any aspect of life. The local materials that are
available in the locality help us hone and enhance our skills and talents in
producing works of arts that will express our creativity.

The contemporary expressions inspired by local arts discussed in this lesson

include (a) woven products: textile, fabrics and clothing; (b) bags and accessories;
(c) footwear; (d) Home used products; (e) decors.

A. Woven Products: Textile, Fabrics and Clothing

Local arts in the different regions have evolved as they have been influenced
by market-driven demands, thus, leading the production of local artworks to be
aided by new techniques and the use of technology. For example, Barong Tagalog
or simply Barong, there is an oft-cited story alleging how the Spaniards forced
Filipinos to design barong with translucent fabric and without pockets, as well as
wear it untucked—features that prevented locals from hiding weapons and
engaging in theft. The style also separated Filipinos from the colonizers, who wore
shirts with standing collars tucked into their pants.
The same theory also alleges that the embroidered designs of barong were a
way to subvert Spanish restrictions, as embroidery made the garment more
sophisticated and more valuable. Despite these claims, however, no literature
confirming the Spanish regulations has surfaced.

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Other accounts offer reasons why barong is worn untucked. There is one that
claims the fabric, made from either abaca or pineapple fiber, caused skin irritation.
Meanwhile, old grandmothers’ tales say that barong is loose and untucked because
it was a hand-me-down from a generous Spanish master to a loyal Filipino
household help.

As our national outfit for men, the opportunities to wear it are usually
limited because of how challenging it is to incorporate into everyday wear, not to
mention the design and material often used makes it uncomfortable on hot days.
But designers and brands have now started to look at Barong differently and be
inspired at the many ways it can be reinterpreted for daily casual wear.

Source: http://www.positivelyfilipino.com/magazine/distinctively-by-barge-ramos

"Holiday Haute Couture XII" November 17 at Hyatt Embarcadero showcased

Filipiniana ala Ramos—clothes inspired by indigenous groups—distinctly
Philippine, distinctively executed to elevated standards. This showcased the works
of Barge Ramos, a famous Filipino designer who promoted the use of indigenous
Filipino textile to modern fashion.

B. Bags and Accessories

Our indigenous people used the materials they had within easy reach to create
items that for the most part utilitarian, but weavers would also add their creative
stamp. Woven fibers form plants have been the source of materials to create bags of
different sizes and shapes that can be functional and aesthetic.

An example of this is the hunter backpack traditionally called "Pasiking" is from

the Igorot Tribes of the Cordillera Region, Northern Luzon, The Philippines. The
pasiking (English term: knapbasket) is the indigenous basket-backpack found
among the various ethno-linguistic groups of Northern Luzon in the Philippines.
Pasiking designs may have sacred allusions, although many are purely aesthetic.
These artifacts, whether handwoven traditionally or with contemporary variations,
are considered exemplars of functional basketry in the Philippines and among
Filipinos.

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 The ritual pasiking of the Ifugao tribal group is called the inabnutan, not to be
confused with the more common bangeo. The ritual pasiking of the Bontoc people
is called the takba.
Some of the Northern Philippine tribal groups called Igorots or Cordillerans that
weave pasikings are the Apayaos or Isneg, the Tinguian of Abra province, the
Kalingas of Kalinga province, the Gaddang, the Bugkalot, the Applai, the Bontocs of
Bontoc, Mountain Province, the Ilagod, the Bago, the Kankana-ey, the Balangao,
the Ibaloi, the Ifugaos, the Ikalahan, the Kalanguya, the Karao, and the Ilongots. It
is also woven using rattan by non-Cordilleran people.

Source: http://anthro.upd.edu.ph/beyer-museum-online-exhibit/152-pasiking

Woven bags are all the rage and seem to have become the summer bag right
next to netted tote bags, albeit a studier alternative. These bags are made of eco-
friendly materials like abaca, rattan, or pandan leaves.

Source: https://lifestyle.mb.com.ph/2017/09/08/12-homegrown-brands-that-sell-native-bags/

Nowadays, people are looking for eco-friendly native bags. You can choose from
a variety of bags, specially fashioned for special occasions products are hand woven
and crafted by very skilled artisans that have mastered their crafts through the
years. It is proudly Philippine made from high quality materials that are sourced
out from the countryside. These bags are made from the finest materials that are
highly sustainable such as buntal fiber, Capiz shell, genuine leather and wood.
These native bags are eco-friendly yet stylish and are made from high quality
materials.

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 C. Footwear

Indigenous materials such as beads, crochet, rattan and woven fabric are used
as materials for footwear. They prove to be strong, durable and attractive. The
national footwear of the Philippines is wooden clogs with a plastic strap and called
‘bakya.’ Bakya were made from local light wood e.g. santol and laniti. These were
cut to the desired foot size before being shaven until smooth. The side of the bakya
was thick enough to be carved with floral, geometric or landscape designs.
Afterwards, the bakya were painted or varnished. Uppers of plastic or rubber were
fastened using clavitos (tiny nails).

Several attempts have been made to relaunch the ‘bakya’ as a fashion style with
appeal to the current market. To make ‘bakya’ stylish, the traditional wooden based
was shaped and a leather strap replaced the original plastic. Added comfort in the
form of footbeds with heel gel cup and triple-layer sole features are also featured.
The new bakya are available in a wide range of styles for men, women and children.

Source: http://historyofwoodenshoes.blogspot.com/2017/08/bakya.html

Another example of our native footwear that are making waves in the
international market are the footwear from Laguna. In an article published by
Business World, Liliw, Laguna proved to be the home of comfortable native
footwear. The article featured some of the local brands that offered different styles
of export quality shoes and sandals. Two of which was Al-She Footwear and Jhaz
Footwear.

Source: https://www.bworldonline.com/liliw-laguna-home-of-export-quality-footwear/

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 D. Home-use Products

When we say world-class, we do not only refer to talent, we also mean

ingenuity. A product of innovation and creativity, these widely exported decors have
been a top choice among interior designers. A perfect example of the go-to store for
native decors is Kultura Filipino which you can see inside mall. It highlights
Filipino artistry and craftsmanship uniquely. It offers an expansive range of
products made from indigenous materials that best reflect Philippine heritage and
contemporary culture under three main categories: Fashion, Home and Souvenirs.

Source: http://www.kulturafilipino.com/Kultura/home

Because of environmental concerns, we are more selective of the material

component of the products that we use, especially at home. Banig is used for throw
pillow cases in Cebu. In Bukidnon, abaca is woven into hats, baskets, and different
types of containers. In Bacolod, trays are made of pandan leaves. In Bohol, rapia
makes good material for bottle holders.

Lampshades can be made from native plants such as buri and abaca. Maria
Vinecraft Inc. of Davao City makes lampshades from the amlong vine. Bacolod
artist Anita Feria uses ceramics and paints these to make a ceiling lamp.

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 Source: https://thegalleontrade.com/homestyle-export-manufacturing-davao-del-sur-philippines-
maria-vinecraft-inc/

E. Decors
Known for being highly-skilled, with impressive weaving repertoires, Yakan
weavers produce textile with five different kinds of weaving, often differentiated by
technique, pattern, and function.

The bunga-sama is a supplementary weft weave, made by using pattern sticks or

heddles in the loom to produce the pattern. The colourful striped siniluan is
characterized by warp-floating pattern. Saputangan is a square cloth best known
for its intricate and rich design, involving optical illusion to create depth in the
patterns. The inalaman is made using an elaborate supplementary-weft technique,
and often used for women’s wraparound skirt. The pinantupan, which is also used
for the wraparound skirt, utilizes simple weft pattern arranged in the bands.

The saputangan is an example of a tapestry weave, considered the oldest and most
traditional technique in producing ornamented woven textiles, aside from the plain
weave technique wherein stripes and plaids are formed.

Source: https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/design/philippine-indigenous-fabrics-are-making-a-
comeback-a00225-20171017-lfrm

Patick Gabutina of Tinabuan Arts & Crafts has more than 34 years
combined experience in a multi-faceted career tahta, has connected arts and public
service in his capacities as a government employee and artist. He won the Grand
Prize in the Fashion Accessories Professional Category in 2019. He has shown
greatness in creative decors that are made of driftwood, dried grasses, and dried
flowers (see photos below). Assembled with sinamay, they look very attractive
decors that can be put on the table during Christmas season.

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 Source: https://cagayandeorotimes.com/news/front-page/all/cagayan-de-oro-designers-shine-in-
habi-kadayawan-2019

To show the variety of materials that can be used for home decors, see the
different products made in Negros. These include coco twigs, crochet, pandan
leaves, tiles, resin, wood, abalone shell, capiz, and other materials that are
abundant in the region.

The mosaic and other decors are produced by the charity organization, NVC
foundation. Mosaic Crafter is an example of its entrepreneurial advocacy. To know
more about their work, log on to http;//www.nvcfoundation-
ph.org/products/merchantsofhope/ or https://www.facebook.com/nvcfoundation

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.1. Song Analysis
Objective: Analyze how local products inspire local artist.
Directions: Examine the lyrics of the song: Bakya mo Neneng and answer the
following questions.

Bakya mo, Neneng, luma at kupas na

Ngunit may bakas pa ng luha mo, Sinta
Sa alaala’y muling nagbalik pa
Ang dating kahapong tigib ng ligaya.

Ngunit, irog ko, bakit isang araw

Hindi mo ginamit ang bakya mo, aking hirang?
Sa wari ko ba’y di mo kailangan
‘Pagkat kinupasan ng ganda at kulay.

Ang aking pag-asa’y saglit na pumanaw

Sa bakya mo, Neneng, na di nasilayan.
Kung inaakalang ‘yan ay munting bagay,

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 Huwag itapon, aking buhay,
Ang aliw ko kailanman.

Composer: S. S. Suarez. Lyricist: Levi Celerio

YouTube link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGnbY8VgL2o

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. What type of local art in which the song is inspired?
2. What did you feel after hearing the song?
3. What do you think was the artist’s motivation in writing the song?

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.2. Case study
Objective: Apply cultural understanding of how local art should be treated with
respect to local tradition and beliefs.

Maxine was looking for a piece of ethnic textile that will fit her new room. As she
was walking inside Quinta Market in Quiapo, she noticed a familiar cloth that she
saw in Likhaan Museum. It was a fabric made from native abaca, woven with the
use of natural dyes with intricate designs originated from the T’ boli, the T’nalak
fabric. She saw the seller cutting the fabric per yard.
She remembered that t’nalak came from women’s dreams—thus, T’boli women
who have woven t’nalak earned the title “dreamweavers.” It is said that T’boli
culture is associated with t’nalak. A weaver should be working with full
concentration, with complete rest prior to working—even abstaining from human
pleasures–to avoid damage to intricate t’nalak designs. Spiritual beliefs also
manifest in the making of t’nalak where its culture is also ingrained on the fabric.
Therefore, cutting of the fabric is a no-no and using t’nalak as doormat is deemed
sacrilegious.
If you were Maxine, how would you react in this situation?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

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 ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.3. Let’s do Critiquing!
Objective: Critique local materials as applied in creating works of art.
Directions: Using the three premises of art aesthetics of Alice Guillermo, write a
short critique on the material presented below. Then, answer the following guide
questions.

Nina Inabel's face masks feature traditional

Inabel textile hand-woven by the local artisans
from the Cordilleras in Northern Luzon. The
face masks feature waterproof lining, so
droplets won’t be absorbed by the fabric. Plus,
each mask has a nose grip which keeps it from
sliding down your face—less chances of you
accidentally touching your face. By purchasing
a face mask, you’re also supporting the
livelihood of Nina Inabel’s partner weavers in
Ilocos.

1. Do you think that the structures and compositions of the fabric make the face
masks unique? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2.Does the face mask represent the rituals and traditions of Filipinos? Explain.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Is it appropriate to sell the masks commercially? Why?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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Activity 1.4. Let’s do Local
Objective: Create an artwork by using appropriate materials that can be found in
their locality
Directions:
Make your own contemporary art using local material around you. This project
will test your creativity and resourcefulness. Let’s make an easy newspaper/
magazine frame for your next holiday or family gift made with things you already
have at home. Newspapers and magazines pile up fast but many of us keep
receiving them because we love to check out the weekly deals. Instead of tossing
them into the recycling bin make something useful! Or you can make use of other
local materials available within your reach.

Materials

Newspaper/ magazine, Glue, Scissors, Ruler, Pencil

Instructions:

1. Cut stacks of newspaper/ magazines into 3

strips. (width of strips will be the length of the
sticks)
2. Roll each strip around a pencil, laying down a
stripe of glue as you go.
3. Take care to avoid getting glue on the pencil
which will make it difficult to remove
4. Anchor the edge of the page with glue to the
stick you’ve made and remove the pencil.
5. Cut the lengths to size and glue them together or
onto a piece of cardstock for backing.
6. Insert photo before sticking the frame down
unless you’re leaving a mat edge between the
photo and frame.

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 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Discussion Questions1. How do contemporary furniture designers cope with the

demand of modern architecture?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________
2. What are some examples of Philippine textile, fabric, and clothing that are
patronized globally?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________
3. How do Filipino artists adapt to the changes globally?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________

REMEMBER

 The local materials that are available in our locality help us hone and
enhance our skills and talents in producing works of arts that will
express our creativity.
 Filipino artist can create contemporary art using local materials and be
globally competitive.
 Our local designs and materials are both functional and sustainable.
 We can rely on nature to get materials for our art work, and it is up to us
to take care of our environment.

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 POST TEST
Directions: Identify the correct answer as described in every item. Write
your answer on the space provided.

_____________1. The national footwear of the Philippines is wooden clogs with

a plastic strap and local light wood e.g. santol and laniti.
_____________2. It is the national outfit for men, with translucent fabric and
without pockets, as well as wear it untucked
_____________3. The indigenous basket-backpack found among the various
ethno-linguistic groups of Northern Luzon in the Philippines.
_____________4. He is a famous Filipino designer who promoted the use of
indigenous Filipino textile to modern fashion who showcased his work on an
event called "Holiday Haute Couture XII"
_____________5. He won the Grand Prize in the Fashion Accessories
Professional Category in 2019.
_____________6. An example of a tapestry weave, considered the oldest and
most traditional technique in producing ornamented woven textiles, aside
from the plain weave technique wherein stripes and plaids are formed.
______________7. The ritual pasiking of the Bontoc people
______________8. This boutique highlights Filipino artistry and craftsmanship
uniquely. It offers an expansive range of products made from indigenous
materials that best reflect Philippine heritage and contemporary culture
under three main categories: Fashion, Home and Souvenirs.
______________9. She is an artist who uses ceramics and paints to make a
ceiling lamp.
____________10. A supplementary weft weave, made by using pattern sticks
or heddles in the loom to produce the pattern

REFERENCES

Online Sources:

Bakya mo Neneng. Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGnbY8VgL2o

BusinessWorld. (2019, Aug. 5). Liliw, Laguna: Home of export quality

footwear. Retrieved from https://www.bworldonline.com/liliw-laguna-home-
of-export-quality-footwear/

27
 Gutierez, Angela. (2017, Oct. 17). Indigenous Filipino Fabrics Are Making a
Comeback Retrieved from
https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/design/philippine-indigenous-fabrics-
are-making-a-comeback-a00225-20171017-lfrm
Moreno, Cherie M., Distinctively by Barge Ramos. Retrieved from
http://www.positivelyfilipino.com/magazine/distinctively-by-barge-ramos
Palmiano, Monique. Philippine Contemporary Aesthetics by Alice
Guillermo: Review. (2018, Dec. 2). Retrieved from
https://moniquepalmianoblog.wordpress.com/2018/12/02/philippine-
contemporary-aesthetics-by-alice-guillermo-review/

Sanchez, Jamie (2020, June 11). 10 Functional Face Masks With Local Flair.
Retrieved from https://www.spot.ph/shopping/the-latest-
shopping/82443/face-masks-showcase-philippine-culture-a588-20200611

Wooden shoes. (2018, Sept. 13). A detailed history of wooden shoes.

Retrieved from
http://historyofwoodenshoes.blogspot.com/2017/08/bakya.html

The woven bags of the Cordillera. (2020, Feb. 17). Retrieved from
https://narrastudio.com/blogs/journal/the-woven-bags-of-the-cordillera

Books:

Ganzon, Carlo Luis C. (2017). Journey: Contemporary Arts of the Philippines.

Quezon City, Phoenix Publishing House Inc.

Ramirez, Veronica Esposo 2016. Contemporary Philippine arts from the

Regions. Quezon City, Vibal Group, Inc.

Sandagan, Luzviminda D., Sayseng, Ayesha H. 2016. Contemporary

Philippine Arts from the Regions. Pasay City, JFS Publishing Services

Management and Development Team

Schools Division Superintendent: Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V
Chief Education Supervisor: Aida H. Rondilla
CID Education Program Supervisor: Amalia C. Solis
CID LR Supervisor: Lucky S. Carpio
CID-LRMS Librarian II: Lady Hannah C Gillo
CID-LRMS PDO II: Albert James P. Macaraeg

Editor/s: Herwin S. Gatdula (Content)

Fatima Vergara (Language)
Writer/s: Anne Rosalie Besin-Laquian

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 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Name ____________________________________________ Grade and Section ___________

School: ______________________ Date: _____________ Subj. Teacher: _______________

Quarter: 2 Module No.: 2 Week No.: 2

MELC:
Objectives:
Topic:

Journal Entry

Directions: Read and analyze each question. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Locally made products is likely to promote one’s own culture. Which of our
locally made products are you most proud of?

2. We rely on nature to get materials for our artwork, how do you think nature
and arts are related?

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 ANSWER KEY
PRETEST POSTTEST
1. D 1. Bakya
2. C 2. Barong / Barong
3. A Tagalog
4. A 3. Pasiking
5. C 4. Barge Ramos
5. Patrick Gabutina
6. Saputangan
7. Takba
8. Kultura Filipino
9. Anita Feria
10. Bunga-sama

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