CH Electreochemistry

Chapter 11: Electrochemistry
Review Questions
o
1. If ECu 2 had been chosen as a standard reference electrode and assigned a potential of 0.00 V, what
would be the reduction potential of the hydrogen electrode relative to it?
Solution
The difference between the reduction potentials for hydrogen and copper is a constant, that is, it is
independent of the choice of the reference potential. In other words, the reduction half-cell potential for
copper is to be 0.34 units higher for copper than for hydrogen, regardless of the chosen point of reference.
If Eo for copper is taken to be 0 V, then it must be 0.34 V for hydrogen.
o
2. What is a concentration cell? Why is ECu 2 for such a cell equal to zero?
Solution
A concentration cell consists of two almost identical half-cells, which are composed of same substances,
but have different concentrations of the solute species.
RT [ion]dilute
o
Ecell  ln
nF [ion]conc.
o
where Ecell = 0 because the standard cell potential is the reduction potential of the substance being
reducedtoless than the reduction potential of the substance being oxidized, and the two are equal to each
other because both are of the same substance.
3. Why must electrolysis reactions must occur at the electrodes in order for electrolytic conduction to
continue?
Solution
The flow of electrons in the external circuit must be accompanied by the electrolysis reaction. Otherwise
the electrodes would accumulate charge, and the system would cease to function.
4. Using the same current, which will require the greater length of time, depositing 0.10 mol Cu from a
Cu2+solution or depositing 0.10 mol of Cr from a Cr3+solution? Explain.
Solution
The deposition of 0.10 mol of Cr from a Cr3+ solution will take longer than the deposition of 0.10 mol Cu
from Cu2+ solution because Cr3+ requires 1.5 times as many electrons for deposition than Cu2+. This is due
to the difference in charges on the two ions.
5. Molar conductance of an acetic acid solution increases drastically with dilution. Explain.
Solution
As the concentration of acetic acid is reduced, it is ionized to a greater extent. Thus, increase in the
conductance with decrease in the concentration is due to the increase in the number of ions in the
solution.
6. Electrolytic conductivity decreases with dilution. Explain.

Solution
Conductivity of a solution is the conductance of ions present in a unit volume of the solution. After
dilution, the number of ions per unit volume decreases, hence, the conductivity decreases.
Solution Manual for Physical Chemistry For JEE (Main & Advanced), Copyright©2017 Wiley India
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7. An electric current is passed through two electrolytic cells connected in series (so the same amount of
current passes through each of them). One cell contains Cu2+and the other contains Fe2+. In which cell the
greater mass of the metal will be deposited? Explain your answer.
Solution
Copper has larger atomic mass than iron; therefore, copper will deposit greater mass of metal. Both
metals are in the same +2 state.
8.Explain the following:

(a) The emf of a lead storage battery is dependent on the concentration of sulphuric acid.
(b) In primary alkaline cells, the electrolyte KOH is invariant.
Solution
(a)In lead storage battery, 20% sulphuric acid is used as an electrolyte with lead forming the anode and
lead oxide forming the cathode.
The overall cell reaction is Pb  PbO2  2H2SO4  2PbSO4  2H2O
The potential of the lead storage cell at any given temperature will depend on the concentration of
sulphuric acid solution. As sulphuric acid is consumed, water is produced that reduces the concentration
of sulphuric acid as electrolyte and cell potential decreases.
(b) In primary alkaline cells, alkalis like KOH or NaOH are used as electrolyte. For example, in mercuric
oxide–zinc cell, mercuric oxide (with 5–10% graphite) is cathode and amalgamated zinc powder is anode.
A 40% potassium hydroxide solution saturated with zinc oxide is the electrolyte, the electrode reactions
are
At the anode: Zn  2OH–  ZnO  H2O  2e–
At the cathode: HgO  H2O  2e–  Hg  2OH –
Overall cell reaction: Zn  HgO  ZnO  Hg
The net cell reaction indicates that electrolyte KOH is non-variant and a minimal amount of it is required
for the cell reaction.
9. How is hydrogen held as a reactant in a nickel–metal hydride battery? Write the chemical formula for a
typical alloy used in this battery. What is the electrolyte?
Solution
The hydrogen is held in a metal alloy, Mg2Ni, which has the ability to absorb and hold substantial
amounts of hydrogen. The electrolyte used here is KOH.
10. Give two reasons why lithium is an attractive anode material for use in a battery?What are the
problems associated with using lithium for this purpose?
Solution
Lithium has the most negative reduction potential of any metal, so it is very easy to oxidize making it an
excellent material for an anode, and it is also a very lightweight metal. The major problem with lithium in
a cell is that it reacts vigorously with water. Also, lithium batteries often have a large negative H.
11. What advantages do fuel cells offer over conventional means for obtaining electrical power by the
combustion of fuels?
Solution
The electrode materials in a typical lithium ion cell are graphite and cobalt oxide. When the cell is
charged, Li+ ions leave LiCoO2 and travel through the electrolyte to the graphite. When the cell
discharges, the Li+ ions move back through the electrolyte to the cobalt oxide, while electrons move
through the external circuit to keep the charge in balance.
12. Describe the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride. How do the products of the electrolysis
compare for stirred and unstirred reactions? Write the chemical equations for the reactions that occur at
the electrodes.
Solution
It is one of the various methods as diagramed in Fig.11.1of the text. The physical apparatus influences the
products that are obtained. Cathode reaction is same in stirred and unstirred cells
2H2O + 2e– H2(g) + 2OH–(aq)
Unstirred anode reaction is 2Cl–(aq) Cl2(g) + 2e–
The net reaction is 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O  2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g)
In an unstirred cell, the Cl2(g) that is produced reacts with the OH(aq) forming Cl(aq), OCl(aq), and
water. The anode reaction in the stirred cell is, therefore,
Cl(aq) + 2OH–(aq) OCl–(aq) + H2O + 2e–
The net reaction in a stirred cell is NaCl(aq) + H2O NaOCl(aq) + H2(g)
13. What will be the spontaneous reaction among Br2, I2, Br, and I?
Solution
Br2(aq) + 2e– 2Br–(aq); o
Ecell = 1.07 V
I2(s) + 2e– 2I–(aq); o
Ecell = 0.54 V
Since the first of these reactions has the larger reduction half-cell potential, it occurs as a reduction, and
the second is reversed to become an oxidation:
Br2(aq) + 2I(aq)  I2(s) + 2Br(aq)
14. Write the cell notation for the following galvanic cells. For half-reactions in which all the reactants
are in solution or are gases, assume the use of inert platinum electrodes.
(a)Cd2+(aq) + Fe(s) → Cd(s) + Fe2+(aq)
(b)NiO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2Ag(s) → Ni2+(aq) + 2H2O + 2Ag+(aq)
(c)Mg(s) + Cd2+(aq) → Mg2+(aq) + Cd(s)
Solution
(a)Fe(s)|Fe2+(aq)||Cd2+(aq)|Cd(s)
(b)Ag(s)|Ag+(aq)|| Ni2+(aq),H+(aq)| NiO2(s)|Pt(s)
(c)Mg(s)|Mg2+(aq)||Cd2+(aq)|Cd(s)
15. From the half-reactions below, determine the cell reaction and standard cell potential.
BrO3 +6H++6e– Br–+3H2O; EBrO o
 =1.44V
3
I2+2e– 2I–; EIo2 = 0.54V

Solution
o
The half-cell with the more positive Ecell will appear as a reduction, and the other half-reaction is
reversed, to appear as an oxidation:
BrO3 (aq) + 6H+(aq) + 6e– Br–(aq) + 3H2O (reduction)
[2I(aq)  I2(s)+ 2e– (oxidation)]  3
BrO3 (aq) + 6I–(aq) + 6H+(aq)  3I2(s) + Br–(aq) + 3H2O (net reaction)
o
Ecell  Esubstance
o
reduced  Esubstance oxidized
o
or
o
Ecell  Ereduction
o
 Eoxidation
o
= 1.44 V – (0.54 V) = 0.90 V
16. What will be the spontaneous reaction among H2SO3, S2 O32 , HOCl, and Cl2? The half-reactions
involved are
2H2SO3  2H  4e S2O32  3H2O; EHo 2SO3  0.40 V
2HOCl  2H  2e Cl2  2H2O; EHOCl
o
 1.63V
Solution
The half-reaction having more positive standard reduction potential is the one that occurs as a reduction,
and the other one is written as an oxidation:
[2HOCl(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e– Cl2(g) + 2H2O (reduction)]  2
3H2O + S2O32–(aq) 2H2SO3(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 4e– (oxidation)
4HOCl(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 3H2O + S2O32–(aq)  2Cl2(g) + 4H2O + 2H2SO3(aq) + 2H+(aq)
this simplifies to give the following net reaction:
4HOCl(aq) + 2H+(aq) + S2O32–(aq)  2Cl2(g) + H2O+ 2H2SO3(aq)
17. Explain why:

(a)Nickel spatula cannot be used to stir copper sulphate solution.
(b) Blue color of copper sulphate fades when electrolyzed using platinum electrode.
Solution
o
(a) Nickel spatula cannot be used to stir copper sulphate solution because ENi 2+
/Ni
= 0.25 V and ECu
o
2+
/Cu
=
0.34 V, which means nickel will reduce copper when stirred in copper sulphate solution.
(b) Platinum electrodes do not take part in the electrode reaction because they are inert. At cathode, Cu 2+
ions will be reduced in comparison withH2O as the Eo reduction value for Cu is more than H2O. At
cathode, the half-cell reaction is Cu 2+  2e  Cu . As a result, Cu is deposited at cathode and the blue
color of the solution fades due to the reduction of Cu2+ ions to Cu.
18. Given that the standard electrode potentials: K+/K = 2.93 V, Ag+/Ag = 0.80 V, Cu2+/Cu = 0.34 V,
Mg2+/Mg = 2.37 V, Cr3+/Cr = 0.74 V, Fe2+/Fe = 0.44 V. Arrange these metals in the increasing order
of their reducing power.
Solution
With the help of electrochemical series, we can predict the relative reducing strengths of substances. The
decreasing order of standard electrode potentials is
Ag  Cu 2 Fe2 Cr 3 Mg 2 K 
    
Ag Cu Fe Cr Mg K
andtherefore the reducing power in increasing order is
Ag  Cu 2 Fe2 Cr 3 Mg 2 K 
   < 
Ag Cu Fe Cr Mg K
That is, potassium has the least tendency to get reduced or is the strongest reducing agent and silver has
highest tendency to get reduced or is the weakest reducing agent amongst all the six.
19. What do the positive and negative signs of reduction potentials tell us?
Solution
A positive reduction potential indicates that the substance is more easily reduced than the hydrogen ion
and is a stronger oxidizing agent. Conversely, a negative reduction potential indicates that the substance
comprising the half-cell is less easily reduced than the hydrogen ion and is stronger reducing agent.
20. Why do electrochemical cells stop working after sometime?
Solution
In an electrochemical cell, the emf of the cell is positive. This implies that the electrode potential of
cathode is greater than the electrode potential of anode as
o
Ecell  Ecathode
o
 Eanode
o
According to Nernst equation, electrode potential of an electrode varies directly with the concentration of
ions of that species in the solution. As the cell reaction progresses, the concentration of metal ions in
reduction half-cell decreases and increases in oxidation half-cell. As a result, the electrode potential of
anode gradually increases and that of cathode decreases. At a point both become equal and the emf of the
cell becomes zero. This is when the cell stops working.
21. In a concentration cell, give reasons for the following:

(a) The cell potential doubles when concentration ratio is changed from 0.0001 to 0.01.
(b) No electricity flows when the metal ion concentration at the two electrodes is the same.
Solution
(a) The emf for the concentration cell with concentration ratio 0.0001 is given by Nernst equation as
2.303 C
E1   RT log 2
nF C1
o
as Ecell = 0 for a concentration cell.
Given that C2/C1 = 0.001, therefore
2.303  RT 
E1   RT log 0.0001 (4)   2.303 
nF  nF 
When C2/C1 = 0.01
2.303  RT 
E2   RT log 0.01  (2)   2.303 
nF  nF 
The ratio of E1/E2 is
E1 (2.303 / nF ) RT  (4)
 2
E2 (2.303 / nF ) RT  (2)
Thus, the cell potential is doubled when concentration ratio is changed from 0.0001 to 0.01.
(b)When the metal ion concentration at the two electrodes is same,C1 = C2.
The emf of the cell is given by
2.303 C 2.303
Ecell  E o  RT log 2   RT log1  0
nF C1 nF
As E o = 0 for concentration cell and C1 = C2, therefore, Ecell = 0. Sincethe emf of the cell is zero, no
electricity flows in the cell.
22. What is the effect of dilution on

(a) specific conductivity.
(b) equivalent conductance of weak electrolytes.
(c) equivalent conductance of strong electrolytes.
Solution
(a) The specific conductivity of an electrolyte decreases with increasing dilution because of the decrease
in the number of ions per unit volume.
(b) Equivalent conductance of weak electrolyte increases with increase in dilution because increased
dissociation of electrolyte takes place at low concentrations, thus increasing number of ions per unit
volume.
(c) The equivalent conductance of a strong electrolyte does not vary much with dilution.
23. Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following:
(a)An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with silver electrodes.
(b)An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with platinum electrodes.
(c)A dilute solution of H2SO4 with platinum electrodes.
(d)An aqueous solution of CuCl2 with platinum electrodes.
Solution
(a) At the cathode: Ag   e –  Ag
The Ag+ ions have lower discharge potential than H+ ions.
At the anode: Ag  Ag  e
(b) At the cathode: Ag  e  Ag
The Ag+ ions have lower discharge potential than H+.
At the anode: OH ions have lower discharge potential than NO3
OH  OH  e
4OH  2H2O  O2
(c) At the cathode:
H   e  H
H  H  H2
that is, H2 gas is evolved at cathode.
At the anode:
OH  OH  e
4OH  2H2O  O2
that is, oxygen gas is evolved.
(d) At the cathode:
Cu2+ ions have lower discharge potential so it will be reduced.
Cu 2  2e  Cu
At the anode:
Cl  Cl  e
Cl  Cl  Cl2
that is, chlorine gas is evolved at the anode.
24. What happens to the pH of the solution near the cathode and anode during the electrolysis of
K2SO4? What function does K2SO4 serve in the electrolysis of a K2SO4 solution?
Solution
It is reduction that occurs at the cathode and near it, the pH increases due to the formation of OH (aq). At
the anode, where the oxidation of water occurs, the pH decreases due to the production of H+(aq).
Reduction at the cathode: 2H2O  2e–  H2 (g)  2OH – (aq)
Oxidation at the anode: 2H2O  4H (aq)  4e–  O2 (g)
The overall change in pH is 0 since the amount of H+ formed and the amount of OH formed are equal.
K2SO4 serves as charge carriers to balance the charge that occurs upon electrolysis of the K 2SO4 solution.
25. Why NaCl must be melted before it is electrolyzed to give Na and Cl2? Write the anode, cathode, and
the overall cell reactions for the electrolysis of molten NaCl.
Solution
In solid NaCl, the ions are held in place and cannot move about. In molten NaCl, the crystal lattice of the
solid has been destroyed; the ions are free to move, and consequently conduct current by migrating either
to the anode or to the cathode.
At the anode: 2Cl (aq)  Cl2 (g)  2e
At the cathode: Na  (aq)  e–  Na(s)  2
 
Overall cell reaction: 2Na (aq)  2Cl (aq)  2Na(s)  Cl2 (g)
26.(a) Why does the dry cell become dead after sometime even if it has not been used?
(b) What is the role of ZnCl2 in a dry cell?
Solution
(a) A dry cell consists of a zinc anode, which is draped as a container. A graphite rod serves as a cathode
and is surrounded by MnO2 and moist electrolyte paste of NH4Cl and ZnCl2. NH4Cl corrodes the zinc
container acting as anode even when the cell is not in use. Hence, dry cell becomes dead after sometimes
even if it has not been used.
(b) Zn2+ and Cl ions combine with NH3 formed during the reaction to form a complex salt
[Zn(NH3)2Cl2].
27. Why a mercury cell gives a constant voltage throughout its life?
Solution
Overall reaction of mercury cell: Zn  HgO  ZnO  Hg
Since there are no ions involved in the reaction, so the emf of the cell does not change. That is why, a
mercury cell gives a constant voltage throughout its life.
Numerical Problems
1. Calculate ΔG° for the following reaction:
2Br   I2  2I  Br2
Solution
First, separate the overall reaction into its two half-reactions:
2Br–(aq) Br2(aq) + 2e–(oxidation)
I2(s) + 2e– 2I–(aq) (reduction)
Ecell  Ereduction  Eoxidation = 0.54 V – (1.07 V) = –0.53 V
o o o
The value of n is 2: G° = –nF Ecell

o
= (2)(96500 C)(–0.53 JC1) = 1.0 × 105 J = 1.0 × 102 kJ
2. Calculate ΔG° for the reaction 2MnO4–+6H+ + 5HCHO22Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5CO2

for which Ecell  1.69 V
o
Solution
Using the equation Go = –nF Ecello
, we have Go = –n(96500 C/mole–)(1.69 V) for which we need n.
Upon writing the two half-reactions, that are,
MnO4–(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e– Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O (reduction)
HCHO2(l)  CO2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e– (oxidation)
we see that we need to multiply the reduction half-reaction by 2 and the oxidation reaction by 5 in order
to balance the eqaution:
2MnO4–(aq) + 16H+(aq) + 10e– 2Mn2+(aq) + 8H2O (reduction)
5HCHO2(l)  5CO2(g) + 10H+(aq) + 10e– (oxidation)
The net reaction has n = 10. So, Go = –(10 mol e–)(96500 C/mol e–)(1.69 V) = –1.63 × 103 kJ.
3. The system 2AgI + Sn Sn2+ + 2Ag + 2Ihas a calculated Ecell o
of 0.015 V. What is the value of KC
for this system?
Solution
Sn is oxidized by two electrons and Ag is reduced by two electrons:
o 0.0592
Ecell = log KC
n
 0.0592 
0.015     log KC
 2 
Solving, we get log Kc = 0.51Kc = antilog(–0.51) = 0.31.
o
4. The Ecell is 0.135 V for reaction 3I2 (s)  5Cr2O7 2 (aq)  34H  6IO3 (aq)  10Cr 3 (aq)  17H2O. What
is Ecell if [Cr2O7 2 ] = 0.010 M, [H+] = 0.10 M, IO3 = 0.00010 M, and [Cr3+] = 0.0010 M?
Solution
The following half-reactions indicate that the value of n is 30:
5Cr2O72– + 70H+ + 30e– 10Cr3+ + 35H2O
3I2 + 18H2O  6IO3– + 36H+ + 30e–
0.0592 V [IO3 ]6 [Cr 3 ]10
Ecell = 0.135 V  log
30 [H  ]34 [Cr2 O7 2 ]5
0.0592 V [0.00010]6 [0.0010]10
= 0.135 V  log
30 [0.10]34 [0.010]5
0.0592 V
= 0.135 V  log 1.0  1010 = 0.155 V
30
5. A silver wire coated with AgCl is sensitive to the presence of chloride ion because of the half-cell
reaction
AgCl(s)  e  Ag(s)  Cl (aq); EAgCl
o
 0.2223 V
A student, wishing to measure the chloride ion concentration in a number of water samples, constructed a
galvanic cell using the AgCl electrode as one half-cell and a copper wire dipping into 1.00 M CuSO4
solution as the other half-cell. In one analysis, the potential of the cell was measured to be 0.0895 V with
the copper half-cell serving as the cathode. What was the chloride ion concentration in the water? (Take
o
ECu 2+ = +0.3419 V.)
Solution
Since the copper half-cell is the cathode, where reduction takes place,the silver half-cell is therefore the
anode, where oxidation of silver occurs. The standard cell potential is
o
o
 Eoxidation
o
= 0.3419 V – 0.2223 V = 0.1196 V.
The overall cell reaction is
Cu2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) + 2Cl–(aq)  Cu(s) + 2AgCl(s)
and the Nernst equation becomes
0.0592 V 1
Ecell = 0.1196 V  log
2 [Cu ][Cl ]2
2+
If we use the values given in the exercise, we arrive at
 1 
0.0895 V  0.1196 V – 0.0296 V  log   2 
 [Cl ] 
 1 
this rearranges to give log   2   1.017  [Cl ]  0.310 M
 [Cl ] 
6. At 25°C, a galvanic cell was set up having the following half-reactions:

Fe2+(aq) +2e– Fe(s); EFe 2+  0.447 V
o
Cu2+(aq) + 2e– 2+  0.3419 V

o
Cu(s); ECu
The copper half-cell contained 100 mL of 1.00 M CuSO4. The iron half-cell contained 50.0 mL of 0.100
M FeSO4. To the iron half-cell was added 50.0 mL of 0.500 M NaOH solution. The mixture was stirred
and the cell potential was measured to be 1.175 V. Calculate the value of Ksp for Fe(OH)2.
Solution
In the iron half-cell, we are initially given
0.0500 L × 0.100 molL1 = 5.00 × 10–3mol Fe2+(aq)
The precipitation of Fe(OH)2(s) consumes some of the added hydroxide ion, as well as some of the iron
ion: Fe2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq)  Fe(OH)2(s). The number of moles of OH– that have been added to the iron
half-cell is
0.500 molL1 0.0500 L = 2.50  102mol OH
The stoichiometry of the precipitation reaction requires that the following number of moles of OH – be
consumed on the precipitation of 5.00 × 10–3mol of Fe(OH)2(s):
 molOH  
5.00  103 mol Fe(OH) 2   2 2
  1.00 10 molOH
1
 mol Fe(OH) 2 
The number of moles of OH that are unprecipitated in the iron half-cell is
2.50 × 10–2mol – 1.00 × 10–2mol = 1.50 × 10–2mol OH–
Since the resulting volume is 50.0 mL + 50.0 mL, the concentration of hydroxide ion in the iron half-cell
becomes, upon precipitation of the Fe(OH)2:
1.50 102 mol
[OH  ]   0.150 M
0.100 L
We have assumed that the iron hydroxide that forms in the above precipitation reaction is completely
insoluble. This is not accurate, though, because some small amount does dissolve in water according to
the following equilibrium:
Fe(OH)2(s) Fe2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq)
This means that the true [OH–] is slightly higher than 0.150 M as calculated above. Thus, we must set up
the usual equilibrium table, in order to analyze the extent to which Fe(OH) 2(s) dissolves in 0.150 M OH–
solution:
[Fe2+] [OH–]
I – 0.150
C +x +2x
E +x 0.150+2x
The quantity x in the above table is the molar solubility of Fe(OH)2 in the solution that is formed
in the iron half-cell.
Ksp = [Fe2+][OH–]2 = (x)(0.150 + 2x)2
The standard cell potential is
o
o
 Eoxidation
o
= 0.3419 V – (–0.447 V) = 0.7889 V
The Nernst equation is
RT [Fe2+ ]
o
Ecell = Ecell  ln
nF [Cu 2+ ]
(8.314 J mol1 K 1 )(298 K) [Fe 2+ ]
1.175 = 0.7889  ln
2(96500 C mol1 ) [1.00]
1.175 = 0.7889  0.01284 ln[Fe2+ ]
Solving, we get ln[Fe2+] = 30.07[Fe2+] = 8.72  1014 M
This is the concentration of Fe2+ in the saturated solution, and it is the value to be used for x in the above
expression for Ksp.
Ksp = (x)(0.150 + 2x)2 = (8.72 × 10–14)[0.150 + (2)(8.72 × 10–14)]2 = 1.96 × 10–15
7. Suppose a galvanic cell was constructed at 25°C using a Cu/Cu2+ half-cell (in which the molar
concentration of Cu2+ was 1.00 M) and a hydrogen electrode having a partial pressure of H2 equal to 1
atm. The hydrogen electrode dipped into a solution of unknown hydrogen ion concentration, and the two
o
half-cells were connected by a salt bridge. The precise value of ECu 2 = +0.3419 V.
(a) Derive an equation for the pH of the solution with unknown hydrogen ion concentration, expressed in
o
terms of Ecelland Ecell .
(b) If the pH of the solution were 5.15, what would be the observed potential of the cell?
(c) If the potential of the cell were 0.645 V, what would be the pH of the solution?
Solution
The half-cell reactions and the overall cell reaction are
Cu2+(aq) + 2e– Cu(s); Ered = +0.3419 V
o
H2(g)  2H+(aq) + 2e–; Eoxo = 0.0000 V

Cu2+(aq) + H2(g)  Cu(s) + 2H+(aq)
(a)The standard cell potential is
o
o
 Eoxidation
o
= 0.3419 V – 0 V = +0.3419 V
The Nernst equation for this system is
0.0592 [H + ]2
Ecell  Ecell
o
 log
2 [Cu 2+ ]
which becomes, under the circumstances defined in the problem
0.0592 V
Ecell  Ecell
o
 log [H + ]2
2
Rearranging the last equation gives
2  (Ecell  Ecell o
)
=  log [H + ]2
0.0592 V
which becomes the desired relationship
( Ecell  Ecello
)
 log [H  ]  pH
0.0592
(b)The equation derived in part (a)is conveniently rearranged to give
o
Ecell = (0.0592 V)(pH) + Ecell = (0.0592 V)(5.15) + 0.3419 V = 0.647 V
(c)The equation that was derived in part (A)may be used directly
( Ecell  Ecell
o
) (0.645 V  0.3419 V)
pH    5.12
0.0592 V 0.0592 V
8. How many grams of Cl2 are produced when molten NaCl undergoes electrolysis at a current of 4.25 A
for 35.0 min?
Solution
The reaction is 2Cl(l)Cl2(g) + 2e. The number of Coulombs is
4.25 A × 35.0 min × 60 smin1 = 8.92 × 103 C
The number of grams of Cl2 that will be produced is
 1 mol e   1 mol Cl2   70.91 g Cl2 
g Cl2 = (8.92  103 C)      = 3.28 g Cl 2
 96500 C   2 mol e   1 mol Cl2 
9. How many hours would it take to produce 75.0 g of metallic chromium by the electrolytic reduction of
Cr3+ with a current of 2.25 A?
Solution
The reaction is Cr3+(aq) + 3e Cr(s). The number of Coulombs that will be required is
 1 mol Cr   3 mol e   96500 C 
Coulombs  (75.0 g Cr)     
 4.18 105 C
 52.00 g Cr  1 mol Cr   1 mol e 
The time that will be required is
 1 s  1 h 
t  (4.18  105 C)     51.5 h
 2.25 C  3600 s 
10. An unstirred solution of 2.00 M NaCl was electrolyzed for a period of 25.0 min and then titrated with
0.250 M HCl. The titration required 15.5 mL of the acid. What was the average current in amperes during
the electrolysis?
Solution
The electrolysis of NaCl solution results in the reduction of water, together with the formation of
hydroxide ion:
2H2O + 2e–H2(g) + 2OH–(aq)
The number of seconds is25.0 min × 60s/1 min= 1.50 × 103 s
The number of moles of OH– is
 0.250 mol H +  1 mol OH  
mol OH  = (15.5 mL H + )  +  + 
= 3.87  103 mol OH 
 1000 mL H  1 mol H 
The number of Coulombs that will form these OH– is
 2 mol e   96500 C 
Coulombs = (3.87  103 mol OH  )     
= 3.74  102 C
 2 mol OH  1 mol e 
The average current in amperes is
3.74  102 C
Current =  0.250 A
1.50  103 s
o o
11. From the standard potentials shown in the following diagram, calculate potentials E1 and E2 .
Solution
Given that
5 1
Br O3 
4e
 Br O  Ea = 0.54 V
Ga =  nFEa  4 F  0.54
1 0
Br O  
1e
 12 Br 2 Eb = 0.45 V
Gb =  nFEa  1F  0.45
Overall reaction
5 0
Br O3 
5e
 12 Br 2
G1 =  nFE1  5 FE1
G1  (Ga  Gb )
5 F 12 E1  (4 F  0.54  1F  0.45)
Solving we get,
E1  0.52V
For the reaction
5 1
Br O3 
6e
 Br 
G2  nFE2  6 FE2
The reaction can be considered to take place through following steps:
5 0
Br O3 
5e
 12 Br 2
Gc =  nFE1  5 F  0.52
0 1
1
2
Br 2 
1e
 Br 
Gd =  nFEb  1FEc  1F  1.07
G2  (Gc  Gd )
6 FE2  (5 F  0.52  1F  1.07)
Solving we get,
E2  0.61V
12. Calculate the quantity of electricity that would be required to reduce 12.3 g of nitrobenzene to aniline
if the current efficiency for the process is 50%. If the potential drop across the cell is 3 V, how much
energy will be consumed?
Solution
Suppose we have 115800 C, 347.40 kJ.
So, 123 g of nitrobenzene requires 6  96500 C if efficiency is 100%.
12.3 g requires 6 (96500/123) 12.3 = 57900 C.
The charge required (if efficiency is 50%) = 2  57900 C = 1158900 C
E = VF = 3  96500 = 28900 J
13. An acidic solution of CuSO4 containing 0.4 g of Cu2+ is electrolyzed until all the Cu is deposited. The
electrolysis is continued for seven more minutes with the volume kept at 100 mL and current 1.2 A.
Calculate the volume of gases evolved at STP during entire electrolysis.
Solution
The reactions involved are
At the anode: 2H2O  4H+  O2  4e
At the cathode: Cu 2  2e  Cu
0.4  2
Therefore, gram equiv. of O2 = gram equiv. of Cu =  0.001258 g equiv.
63.6
Once all the Cu is deposited, the electrolysis is continued for seven more minutes with the following
reactions taking place:
At the anode: 2H2O  4H+  O2  4e
At the cathode: 2H2O  2e  H2  2OH
It 1.2  7  60
Therefore, gram equiv. of H2 = gram equiv. of O2 =   0.00522 g equiv.
96500 96500
At STP, volume of O2 and H2 are calculated using the above equations as:
22.4  (0.00522  0.01258)
VO2   0.09968 L  99.68 mL
4
22.4  (0.00522)
VH2   0.05846 L  58.46 mL
2
Hence, total volume of gases = 99.68 + 58.46 = 158.14 mL.
14. Calculate Go and So (at 298 K) for the fuel cell reaction.
2H2  O2  2H2O; Ecell
o
 1.23V; Hf(H
o
2O)
 285.8kJ mol1
Solution
Go  nFEcell
o
 4  96500 1.23  474780 J
Go  H o  T S o  474780  285800  278 S o
474780  285800  278 S o  S o  634.16 J K 1
15. The standard reduction potential of Cu2+/Cu is +0.34 V. Calculate the reduction potential at pH = 14
for the above couple in a saturated solution of cupric hydroxide. Ksp (Cu(OH)2) = 1  1019 M3.
Solution
Given that pH = 14, so pOH = 0. Therefore, [OH] = 1 M.
Now, the solubility product is Ksp = [Cu2+][OH]2[Cu2+] = 1019 M.
Also given that for the reaction Cu 2  2e  Cu ECu o
2+
/Cu
 0.34 V .
Applying Nernst equation, we get
0.0591 [Cu] 0.0591 1
Ecell  Ecell
o
 log  0.34  log 19
n [Cu 2 ] 2 10
 0.34  0.56  0.22 V
16. Calculate the standard cell potentials of galvanic cells in which the following reactions take place:
(a) 2Cr(s)  3Cd2 (aq)  2Cr 3 (aq)  3Cd
(b) Fe2 (aq)  Ag  (aq)  Fe3 (aq)  Ag(s)
Calculate the ΔGo and equilibrium constant of the reactions.
Solution
(a) Consider the individual electrode reactions:
At the anode: (Cr  Cr 3  3e )2; ECr o
3
/Cr
 0.74 V
At cathode: (Cd 2  2e  Cd)  3; ECd
o
2
/Cd
 0.40 V
o
The Ecell is given by
o
Ecell  Ecathode
o
 Eanode
o
 0.40  (0.74)  0.34 V
The Gibbs’ energy is given by
o
 6  96500  0.34  196860 J mol1
Also Go  2.303 RT log K . Substituting values, we get
196860  2.303  8.314  298  log K  log K  34.5014
K  antilog(34.5014)  3.192 1034
(b) Consider the individual electrode reactions:
At anode: Fe2+  Fe3+ + e ; EFe o
3+
/Fe2+
 0.77 V
At cathode: Ag + + e  Ag; EAg
o
+
/Ag
 0.80V
o
o
Ecell  Ecathode
o
 Eanode
o
 0.80  0.77  0.03 V
The Gibbs’ energy is given by
o
 1 96500  0.03  2895 J mol1
Also Go  2.303 RT log K . Substituting values, we get
2895  2.303  8.314  298  log K  log K  0.5074
K  antilog(0.5074)  3.22
17. In the silver button cells,which are widely used in watches and other devices, the following reaction
takes place:
Zn(s)  Ag2O(s)  H2O(l)  Zn 2 (aq)  2Ag(s)  2OH (aq)
Determine ΔGo and Eofor the reaction.
Solution
Here Zn is oxidized to Zn2+ (anode) and Ag2O is reduced first to Ag+ and then to Ag.
o
o
Ecell  Ecathode
o
 Eanode
o
 0.344  (0.76)  1.104V
andΔGo is calculated as
ΔGo  nFEcell
o
 1 96500 1.104  2.13 105 J mol1
18. For the cell reaction, Sn(s)  Pb2 (aq)  Sn 2 (aq)  Pb(s) ; ESn
o
2+
/Sn
 0.136 V, EPb
o
2+
/Pb
 0.126 V.
Calculate the ratio of concentration of Pb2+ to Sn2+ ion at which the cell reaction will be reversed?
Solution
The cell reaction is Sn  Pb2+  Sn 2+  Pb
0.0591 [Sn 2+ ]
o
Using Nernst equation Ecell = Ecell  log
2 [Pb2+ ]
Since Ecell  0.126  (0.136)  0.01 V , we get
o
0.0591 [Sn 2+ ]
Ecell = 0.01– log
2 [Pb2+ ]
At equilibrium Ecell = 0, so
0.0591 [Sn 2 ] [Sn 2 ] 0.01  2
0.01  log  log   0.3384
2 [Pb2 ] [Pb2 ] 0.0591
[Sn 2 ]
 antilog (0.3384)  2.179
[Pb2 ]
Thus, so long as [Sn2+]/ [Pb2+] > 2.179, the cell reaction as given will take place. When [Sn2+]/ [Pb2+] <
2.179, Ecell will become negative and the reaction will be reversed.
19. The conductivity of sodium chloride at 298 K has been determined at different concentrations and the
results are as follows:
Concentration 0.001 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100
(M)
102 (S m−1) 1.237 11.85 23.15 55.53 106.74
Calculate m for all concentrations and draw a plot between m and C1/2. Find the value of Λ 0m .
Solution
From the given data, we have
 (S cm1) m  (C) (M )
1/2 1/2
Concentration =
(C) (M) 1000mol1
103 1.237  104 123.7 0.0316
102 11.85  104 118.5 0.100
2  102 23.15  104 115.8 0.141
5  102 55.53  104 111.1 0.224
101 106.74  104 106.7 0.316
The graph between m and C1/2is shown as follows:
The value of Λ 0m obtained from the graph = 124 S cm2mol1
20. Three electrolytic cells A, B, C containing solutions of ZnSO4, AgNO3, and CuSO4, respectively, are
connected in series. A steady current of 1.5 A was passed through them until 1.45 g of silver was
deposited at the cathode of cell B. How long did the current flow? What mass of copper and zinc were
deposited?
Solution
The reaction is: Ag  e–  Ag
96500  1.45
108 g of Ag is deposited by 1 F (96500 C).  1295.6 C
108
1.45 g of Ag is deposited by
From the expression of charge and current
Q 1295.6
Q  I t  t    863.7 s
I 1.5
The reaction of copper is: Cu 2  2e  Cu
2 F (2  96500 C) of electricity deposits 63.5 g of Cu.
63.5  1295.6
1295.6 C of electricity deposits =  0.426g of Cu
2  96500
The reaction for Zn is: Zn 2  2e  Zn
2 F (2  96500 C) of electricity deposits 65.3 g of Zn.
65.3  1295.6
1295.6 C of electricity deposits  0.438 g of Zn
2  96500
Additional Objective Questions

Single Correct Choice Type
1. The rusting of iron takes place as follows. Calculate ΔGo for the net process.
2H  2e  12 O2  H2O(l); E o  1.23 V
Fe2+  2e  Fe(s); E o  0.44 V
(A)322 kJ mol1 (B)161 kJ mol1 (C)152 kJ mol1 (D)76 kJ mol1
Solution
(A) The expression is ΔGo  nFE o . Reversing the second equation and adding to the first equation, we
get the net reaction as
Fe(s)  2H  12 O2  H2O(l)  Fe2+ (aq); E o  1.23  0.44  1.67 V
Therefore, ΔGo  nFE o  2  96500 1.67  322310 J mol1  322.31 kJ mol1
2. Specific conductance of 0.01 M KCl solution is xS cm–1. When conductivity cell is filled with 0.01 M
KCl the conductance observed is yS. When the same cell is filled with 0.01 M H2SO4, the observed
conductance is zS cm–1. Hence specific conductance of 0.01 M H2SO4 is
(A)xz (B)z/xy (C)xz/y (D)xy/z
Solution
(C)
Specific conductance of KCl xS
Cell constant  
Conductance of KCl yS
For 0.01 M H2SO4,
Specific conductance = Cell constantConductance = xz/y
3. When a sample of copper with zinc impurity is to be purified by electrolysis, the appropriate electrodes
are
Cathode Anode
(A) Pure zinc Pure copper
(B) Impure sample Pure copper
(C) Impure zinc Impure sample
(D) Pure copper Impure sample
Solution
(D) Impure copper is made anode and cathode is a sheet of pure copper. As the current is passed, the
positive Cu2+ ions are attracted to the negative cathode where they take up the electrons and deposit
themselves as neutral copper atoms.
4. A current of 0.193 A is passed through 100 mL of 0.2 M NaCl for an hour. Calculate the pOH of the
solution after electrolysis if current efficiency is 90%. Assume no volume change.
(A) 11.9 (B) 12.82 (C) 12.0 (D) 11.5
Solution
(B) Given that i  0.193 A, t  1 h  60  60s . Hence,
Q  it  0.193  3600  694.8 C  7.2 103 F
7.2 103
[OH  ]   7.2 102 M
0.1
Therefore, pOH  2  log 7.2; pH  14  pOH;  12  log 7.2  12.82
5. Find the equilibrium constant for the reaction, 2Fe3  3I 2Fe2  I3 . The standard reduction
potentials in acidic conditions are 0.77 V and 0.54 V, respectively, for Fe3 | Fe2 and I3 | I couples.
(A) 5.2  108 (B) 6.26  107 (C)3.8  107 (D)4.3  107
Solution
0.059
(B)For the given reaction, Ecell  Ecell
o
 log K
2
0.059
At equilibrium, Ecell  0 .Therefore, Ecell
o
 log K
2
0.059
0.23  log K K = 6.26 × 10
7
2
6.One coulomb of charge passes through solution of AgNO3and CuSO4 connected in series and the
concentrationof the two solutions being in the ratio 1:2. The ratio of weight of Ag and Cu deposited on Pt
electrode is
(A)107.9:63.54 (B)54:31.77 (C)107.9:31.77 (D)54:63.54
Solution
W
(C) Faraday’s secondlaw = constant
E
WAg WCu    M
So,   Ag  e  Ag, EAg  
EAg ECu  1 
WAg WCu 107.9 107.9  2  M
Therefore     Cu  2e  Cu, ECu  
EAg ECu 63.54/2 31.77  2 
7.When a lead storage battery is discharged

(A)SO2 is evolved. (B)lead sulphate is consumed.
(C)leadis formed. (D)H2SO4 is consumed.
Solution
(D) At anode: Pb  H2SO4  PbSO4  2H  2e
At cathode: PbO2  H2SO4  2H  2e  PbSO4  2H2O
Net discharging equation Pb  PbO2  2H2SO4  2PbSO4  2H2O
So, H2SO4 is consumed during discharging of lead storage battery.
8. Which of the following statements is true for the electrochemical Daniell cell?
(A) Electrons flow from copper electrode to zinc electrode.
(B) Current flows from zinc electrode to copper electrode.
(C) Cations move toward copper electrode.
(D) Cations move toward zinc electrode.
Solution
(C)Cu2+ ions gain electrons and are deposited on copper.
9.The density of Cu is8.94 g cm–3. The quantity of electricity needed to plate an area of 10 cm  10 cm to
a thickness of 102 using CuSO4 solution would be
(A) 13586 C (B)27172 C (C) 40758 C (D) 20348 C
Solution
(B)The reaction is Cu 2  2e  Cu
Mass
Now, Volume   Area  Thickness deposited  100 102 cm3
Density
Mass of Cu ion deposited on plate = 1  8.94 g
2+
EIt Eq
Now, Mass = =
96500 96500
63.5  Q
8.94   Q  27172 C
2  96500
10.The specific conductance of a N/10KCl solution at 18°C is 1.12  102S cm1. The resistance of the
solution contained in the cell is found to be 65 . Calculate the cell constant.
(A) 0.912 cm1 (B) 0.512 cm1 (C) 0.728 cm1 (D) 0.632 cm1
Solution
(A)Given that   1.12 102 Scm1 for N/10 KCl solution
1 l 1 l l
We know that     1.12  102     0.725 cm1
R A 65 A A
11.The standard emf of the cell in which the reaction

MnO4  5Fe2  8H  Mn 2  5Fe3  4H2O
occurs is 0.59 V at 25°C. The equilibrium constant for the given reaction is approximately.
(A) 50 (B)10 (C) 1050 (D) 105
Solution
(C)For the given cell reaction
o
 RT ln Keq
5  96500  0.59  2.303  8.314  298log Keq
Solving, we get Keq  7.8  1049  ~ 1050 .
12. The specific conductance of a saturated AgCl solution is found to be 1.86 × 10 6 S cm1 and that for
water is 6.0 × 108 S cm1. The solubility of AgCl is (  oeq = 137.2 S equivalent1 cm2)
(A) 1.7 × 103mol L1 (B) 1.3 × 105mol L1
4 1
(C) 1.3 × 10 mol L (D) 1.3 × 106mol L1
Solution
(B)Specific conductance ()AgCl = solutionwater = 1.86  106 6  108 = 180  108
Therefore, solubility is found as
1000 1000
SAgCl =  AgCl  o  180  108  = 1.3  105 mol L1
eq 137.2
13. In the electrolytic cell, flow of electrons is from
(A) cathode to anode through internal supply. (B)cathode to anode through external supply.
(C)anode to cathode through internal supply. (D)cathode to anode in solution.
Solution
(B) Concept based.
14. A dilute aqueous solution of Na2SO4 is electrolyzed using platinum electrodes. The products at the
cathode and anode are, respectively,
(A) H2, O2 (B) O2, H2 (C) O2, Na (D) O2, SO2
Solution
(A) The reactions at the cathode and anode are
Cathode: 2H2O  2e  H2  2OH Anode: 2H2O  O2  4H  4e
15. Faraday’s laws of electrolysis are related to the
(A) atomic number of cation. (B)atomic number of anion.
(C)equivalent weight of the electrolyte. (D)speed of the cation.
Solution
(C) Faraday’s second law states that “The number of faradays passed is equal to the number of gram
equivalents of electrolytes discharged”.
16. The useful work done during the reaction Ag(s)  12 Cl2 (g)  AgCl(s) would be
(A) 110 kJ mol1 (B) 220 kJ mol1 (C) 55kJ mol1 (D) 100 kJ mol1
Given EClo /Cl  1.36 V, EAgCl/Ag/Cl
o
  0.220 V, pCl =1 atm, and T = 298K.
2
2
Solution
(A)For the cell reaction Ag(s)  12 Cl2 (g)  AgCl(s) E o  1.14V
0.0592
or E  Eo  log pCl1/2
1 2
Under standard conditions pCl2  1, therefore log pCl

1/2
2
0.
Useful work = Wmax  nFE  (1)  (1.14)  96500 103 kJ  110 kJ mol 1 .
17. The compound exhibiting maximum value of equivalent conductance in a fused state is
(A) SrCl2 (B) CaCl2 (C) MgCl2 (D) BeCl2
Solution
(A) Equivalent conductance is the conducting power of all the ions produced by one gram equivalent of
an electrolyte in a given solution. In SrCl2, gram equivalent mass is larger as a result of which the
compound shows maximum value of equivalent conductance in a fused state.
18. Emf of the cell Ni|Ni2 (0.1 M) || Au3 (1.0 M) | Au will be (Given ENi/Ni 2+  0.25 V, E  1.5 V )
o o
Au/Au3+
(A)1.75 V (B)+1.7795 V (C)+0.7795 V (D)1.7795 V

Solution
(B) Cell reaction: 3Ni  2Au3+  3Ni2  2Au
0.0591 [Ni 2 ]3 0.0591 (0.1)3
Ecell  Ecell
o
 log  (0.25  1.5)  log
6 [Au 3 ]2 6 (1) 2
0.0591
 1.75   log(1)  1.75  0.295  1.7795 V
2
19. An alloy of Pb–Ag weighing 1.08 g was dissolved in dilute HNO3 and the volume made to 100 mL. A
silver electrode was dipped in the solution and the emf of the cell setup as
Pt(s),H2 (g)| H (1M)|| Ag  (aq)|Ag(s)
o
was 0.62 V. If Ecell is 0.80 V, what is the percentage of Ag in the alloy? (At 25°C, RT/F = 0.06)
(A) 25 (B)2.50 (C) 10 (D) 50
Solution
0.06 [H  ] 1
(C) 0.62  0.8  log 
 0.18  0.06log  [Ag+ ]  103 M .
1 [Ag ] [Ag  ]
Weight of Ag = 103 × 108 = 0.108g
0.108
Therefore, weight% of Ag   100  10%
1.08
20. The emf of the cell M|Mn (0.02M)|| H (1 M)|H2 (g)(1 atm), Pt at 25°C is 0.81 V. Find the valency of
the metal if the standard oxidation potential of the metal is 0.76 V?
(A) 5 (B)2 (C) 4 (D) 3
Solution
 n
(B)At the anode: M  ne  M E o  0.76
0.02M
 
At the cathode: nH  ne  n2 H2 (g) E o  0
(1 M)
M  nH+  Mn + n2 H2 (g) E o  10.76 V

0.0591 [M n  ] 0.0591 [M n  ]
Ecell  0.81  0.76  108  n  0.81  0.76  log  n
n [H ] n [H ]
0.0591 0.0591  1.7
 1.7  0.81  0.76  n   2.
n 0.05
21. An electrochemical cell stops working after some time because
(A) oneof the electrodes is eaten away.
(B) electrode potentials of both the electrodes become equal in magnitude.
(C) electrode potentials of both the electrodes go on decreasing.
(D) electrode potentials of both the electrodes go on increasing.
Solution
(B) Concept based
22. Conductivity (units Siemens, S) is directly proportional to the area of the vessel and the concentration
of the solution in it and is inversely proportional to the length of the vessel, then the unit of constant of
proportionality is
(A) S m mol1 (B) S m2mol1 (C) S2 m2mol (D) S2m2mol2
Solution
Area  Concentration
(B) Conductivity 
Length
Area  Concentration
or Conductivity   
Length
Conductivity  Length S m
or   2 3
 Sm2 mol1
Area  Concentration m  mol m
23. If the standard half-cell reduction potentials are 0.522 V for Cu+/Cu and 0.3402 V for Cu2+/Cu. The
standard half-cell reduction potential for Cu+/Cu2+ is
(A)0.20 V (B)0.158 V (C)0.40 V (D)0.80 V
Solution
(B)Given that Cu   e  Cu E1o  0.522 V n 1 (1)
2 
Cu  2e  Cu E2  0.3402 V
o
n2 (2)
Cu 2  e  Cu  E3o  ? n 1 (3)
Equation (2)(1) gives Eq. (3), therefore,
n E o  n2 E2o (0.522)  2  0.3402
Since E3o  1 1  1  0.522  0.6802  0.1584 V
n3 1
24. A solution containing one mole per liter of each Cu(NO3)2; AgNO3; Hg2(NO3)2; Mg(NO3)2 is being
electrolyzed using inert electrodes. The values of standard electrode potentials (reduction potentials in
volts are Ag/Ag+ = 0.80 V, Hg / Hg 22 = 0.79 V, Cu/Cu2+ = 0.34 V, Mg/Mg2+= +2.37 V. With
increasing voltage, the sequence of deposition of metals on the cathode will be
(A)Ag, Hg, Cu (B)Cu, Hg, Ag (C)Ag, Hg, Cu, Mg (D)Mg, Cu, Hg, Ag
Solution
(A) Greater the value of standard reduction potential, greater will be its tendency to undergo reduction. So
the sequence of deposition of metals on cathode will be Ag, Hg, Cu. Here, magnesium will not be
deposited because its standard reduction potential is negative. So it is a strong tendency to undergo
oxidation. Therefore, on electrolysis of Mg(NO3)2 solution, H2 gas will be evolved at cathode.
25. In passing 3 F of electricity through the three electrolytic cells connected in series containing
Ag+ , Ca 2+ , and Al+3 ions, respectively. The molar ratio in which the three metal ions are liberated at the
electrodes is
(A)1:2:3 (B)3:2:1 (C)6:3:2 (D)3:4:2
Solution
W
(C) Faraday’s second law states that = constant
E
So, g equiv. of Ag  g equiv. of Ca 2  g equiv. of Al3  a (say)
Now, mole of Ag  a (Ag   e  Ag)
W
Mole of Ca 2  (Ca 2  2e  Ca)
E
a
Mole of Al3  (Al3  3e  Al)
3
W W
So, mole ratio of Ag  : Ca 2 : Al3  a : :  6 : 3: 2
E E
26. The standard potentials at 25C for the following half-cell reactions are given as
Zn 2  2e  Zn Ecell
o
 0.762 V
Mg 2  2e  Mg Ecell o
 2.37 V
When zinc dust is added to a solution of magnesium chloride,
(A)no reaction will take place. (B)zinc chloride is formed.
(C)zinc dissolve in solution. (D)magnesium is precipitated.
Solution
(A) The reaction is Zn  MgCl2  ZnCl2  Mg . Therefore,
o
Ecell  EZn/Zn
o
2  E
o
Mg 2 /Mg
  0.762  2.37 = 1.608 V
o
Therefore Ecell  EZn/Zn
o
2+  E
o
Mg2+ /Mg
is negative so no reaction will take place.
27.Four alkali metals A,B,C, and D have standard electrode potentials, respectively,as 3.05, 1.66,
0.40, and 0.80 V. Which one will be the most reducing?
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D
Solution
(A) Best reducing agent is one which is itself oxidized most easily, namely, A.
28.Zn(s) +Cl2 (1atm) → Zn2+ + 2Cl. The Eo of the cell is 2.12V.To increase E,
(A) Zn2+ concentration should he increased.
(B) Zn2+concerntration should be decreased.
(C)Cl concentration should be increased.
(D)partial pressure Cl2 should be decreased.
Solution
(B) Ecell  Ecell RT [Zn 2 ][Cl ]2
o
 ln
nF pCl2
29. Cr2O72  I –  I2  Cr 3+ , Ecell

o
 0.79 V, ECr
o
O2 /Cr3
 1.33 V, EIo /I  ?
2 7 2
(A) 0.54 V (B)0.054 V (C) +0.18 V (D)0.18 V

Solution
(A)In the given reaction, Ihas been oxidized to I2 and Cr2 O72 ions have been reduced to Cr2+.Therefore,
 ECr  EIo2 0.79 = 1.33  EI2 or EI2  0.54 V .
o o o o
Ecell O2 
2 7
30.Value of EHo 2O/H2 (1 atm) at 298 K would be

(A)0.207V (B) +0.207V (C)0.414 V (D) +0.414 V
Solution
(C)For water at 298 K, [H+] = 107M
Reduction reaction is H  e  12 H2
RT (pH)1/2 (pH)1/2 1
Therefore, Ecell   ln 
 0.591 log 
 0.0591 log 7  0.4137 0.414 V .
F [H ] [H ] 10
31. Efficiency of the following cell is 84%

A(s)  B2 (aq) A2 (aq)  B(s); ΔGo  285 kJ
then the standard electrode potential of the cell will be
(A) 1.20 V (B) 2.40 V (C) 1.10 V (D) 1.24 V
Solution
(D)Given A(s)  B2 (aq) A2+ (aq)  B(s); ΔGo  285 kJ
But ΔGo =  nFE o 285  1000 = 2 × 96500 EoEo= 1.48V
84
Since efficiency is 84%, actualEo= 1.48 × = 1.24V .
100
32. The standard emf of the cell Cd(s)|CdCl2 (0.1M)||AgCl(s)|Ag(s) in which the cell reaction is
Cd(s)+2AgCl(s)  2Ag(s)+Cd2+(aq)+2Cl(aq) is 0.6915 V at 0C and 0.6753 V at 25C.
(A) –176kJ (B) –334.7kJ (C) +123.5 kJ (D) –167 kJ
Solution
(D) G  nFEcell  2  2  96500  0.6753 (at 25C) = –130333 J
 E  where  E  is called temperature coefficient ofemf.
S  nf    T 
 T 
 E  E2  E1 0.6753  0.6915
     6.48  104
 T p T2  T1 298  273
4
Therefore, S  2  96500  (6.48 10 ) = 125.064 JK–1 mol1.
Substituting the values in G    T S, we get H  167.6 kJ.
33.Calculate the emf of the cell

Pt, H2 (1.0 atm) | CH3COOH (0.1 M) || NH3 (aq, 0.01 M) |H2 (1.0 atm),
Pt, Ka (CH3COOH) = 1.8 × 10–5, Kb(NH3) = 1.8 × 10–5
(A)0.92 V (B)0.46 V (C)0.35 V (D)0.20 V
Solution
(B)Pt, H2 (1 atm)CH3COOH (0.1 M)||NH3 (or, 0.01M)H2 (1 atm), Pt
Given that Ka (CH3COOH) = 1.8 × 105and Kb (NH3) = 1.8 × 105. Now,
At the anode: 12 H2 (g)  e  H ; E o  0
At the cathode: H  e  12 H2 (g); Ecell
o
0 V
0.06 [H  ]
Ecell  Ecell
o
 log  anode
1 [H ]cathode
Now, [OH ]2  0.011.8 105  4.2 104 M
We have [H+][OH] = 1014, therefore,
1014
[H  ]cathode 
4.2  104
Similarly, [OH ]2  1.8 105  0.1  1.34 103 M
We have [H+][OH] = 1014, therefore,
1014
[H  ]anode 
1.34 103
Ecell  0.0591 7.78  0.46 V .
34.An aqueous solution containing Na+, Sn2+, Cl–,and SO24 ions, all at unit concentration, is electrolyzed
between a silver anode and a platinum cathode. What changes occur at the electrodes when current passed
o
through the cell? Given that EAg +
/Ag
 0.799 V, ESn
o
2
/Sn
 0.14 V, EClo /Cl  1.36 V, ESo O2 /SO2  0.13 V .
2 2 8 4
(A) Si2+ is reduced and Cl– is oxidized. (B) Ag is oxidized and Sn2+ is reduced.
2+ 2+
(C) Sa is reduced and Sn is oxidized. (D) H+ is reduced and Sn2+ is oxidized.
Solution
(C)At anode, either Ag can get oxidized to Ag+ or Sn2+ to Sn4+ or Cl– to Cl2 or SO24 to S2O82 . Their
respective oxidation potential values are –0.799 V, –0.13 V, –1.36 V, and –2 V. From these values, it is
evident that Sn2+ would be oxidizedfirst, followed by Ag at anode. At cathode, either Na+ can get reduced
to Na or Sn2+ to Sn or H+ to H2. The reduction potential value of Na+ is highly negative while for Sn2+|Sn
 1 
is –0.14 V and for H  e  12 H 2  EH /H  0.059log  7  is 0.413 V. Thus, Sn2+ will get
 2
10 
+
reduced at cathode followed by H .
35.Dal lake has 8.2  1012L of water, approximately. A power reactor produces electricity at the rate 1.5 
106C s1 at an appropriate voltage. How many years would it take to electrolyze the lake?
(A) 2.4 million years (B) 5.3 million years (C) 1.9 million years (D) 4.6 million years
Solution
(C)
The electrolysis reaction is
H2 O  12 O2  2H   2e 
1mol 2 mol
So electrolysis of one mole of water will lead to discharge of half mole of oxygen. Given that volume of
water is 8.2  1012L = 8.2  1015g = 0.45 1015 mol. The number of moles of oxygen liberated is 0.225
1015 mol. The volume of oxygen liberated is 0.225 1015  22.4 = 5.04  1015 L.
For electrolysis that leads to formation of gaseous products, Faraday’s law can be expressed as
ItVe
V
96500
Where V is the volume of gas liberated, I is the current passed for time t (in seconds) and Ve (= 5.6 L for
oxygen) is the equivalent volume (volume of gas evolved at an electrode at STP by 1 faraday charge).
Substituting values in the equation we get
1.5106 C s 1 t (s) 5.6  L
5.041015 L 
96500
Solving we get,
t  57900 109 s = 1.836 million years
36.In lead storage battery, during discharging process

(A) PbO2 gets oxidized. (B) H2SO4 is produced.
(C)density of H2SO4 solution decreases. (D)density of H2SO4 solution increases.
Solution(C)
The following reactions take place in a lead storage battery during discharging process:
Anode: Pb  SO24  PbSO4  2e
Cathode: PbO 2  4H   SO42  2e  PbSO4  2H 2 O
Pb  PbO2  24H 2SO4  2e  2PbSO4  2H 2 O
In the overall reaction,H2SO4 is consumed and water is formed (Pb, PbSO4, and PbO2 are solids).
Therefore, the density of H2SO4 solution decreases.
37.The conductivity of a saturated solution of BaSO4 is 3.06  106S cm1 and its equivalent conductance
is 1.53 S cm2equiv.1. The Ksp for BaSO4 will be
(A) 4 1012 (B) 2.5 109 (C) 2.5  1013 (D) 4  106
Solution
(D) The reaction involved is BaSO4 Ba 2  SO42
Given that  (BaSO4 )  3.06 106 S cm1 and  (BaSO4 )  1.53 S cm2 equiv.1
Let the solution contain x molof Ba andxmolof SO4 and they areproduced from xmolL-1 of BaSO4
1000
    V  3.06  106   1.53
x
where x  2 103 , [Ba 2 ]  2 103 ; Ksp  4 106 .
38.The emf of the standard Weston cadmium cell is

Cd (12.5%) in Hg|3CdSO48H2O (s)|standard solutionof CdSO4(l)|Hg2SO4(s)|Hg
E 
is 1.0180 V at 25°C and the temperature coefficient of the cell emf,  5 1
  4.0  10 V deg . Calculate
 T  p
ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS for the reaction in the cell when n = 2.
(A) ΔG = 196.5 kJ, ΔH = 198.8kJ, ΔS = –7.72 Jdeg1
(B) ΔG = 196.5 kJ, ΔH = 198.8kJ, ΔS = –7.72Jdeg1
(C) ΔG = 196.5 kJ, ΔH = 198.8kJ, ΔS = –7.72Jdeg1
(D) ΔG = 196.5 kJ, ΔH = 198.8kJ, ΔS = 7.72Jdeg1
Solution(A)
E
Given that    4.0  105 V deg 1 , n = 2 and Ecell
o
 1.0181V . Hence,
 T  p
ΔGo =  2FEcell
o
 2  96500  1.018 =  196474 J =  196.5kJ
 E  5
S o  nF    2  96500  4  10  7.72 J
 T 
  E  
H o  nF  T    Ecell
o
  198.8 KJ
  T 
 p 
39.If the molar conductance values of Ca2+ and Cl at infinite dilution are, respectively,118.88
104and77.33 104 S m2mol1, then that of CaCl2 is (S mm2mol1).
(A) 118.88  10–4 (B) 154.66  10–4 (C) 273  104 (D) 196.21  104
Solution
(B) om (CaCl2 )  mo (Ca 2 )  2mo (Cl )  118.88 104  2(77.33 104 )  273.54 104 S mm2 mol1
40.Best way to prevent rusting of iron is by

(A)making iron cathode. (B)putting it in saline water.
(C)bothA and B. (D)none of these.
Solution
(A)Iron loses electrons to form Fe2+ only when it acts as anode.
41. A current of 9.65 A is drawn from a Daniell cell for exactly 1 h. The loss in mass at anode and gain in
mass at cathode, respectively, are
(A) 11.43 g, 11.77 g (B) 11.77 g, 11.43 g (C) 22.86 g, 23.54 g (D) 23.54, 22.86 g
Solution
9.65 1 3600
(B) Number of farads passed 
96500
Let WZn grams of zinc be discharged at anode and WCu grams of copper be discharged at cathode.
WZn WCu 9.65  3600 1
Therefore  
65.4 63.5 96500
WZn  11.77, WCu  11.43g.
42. Consider the standard reduction potentials (in volts) as shown in Fig. 11.6. Find Eo
0.935 0.576
SO24  SO32   12 S2O32
(A) 0.326 V (B) 0.425 V (C) 0.756 V (D) 0.512V
2 2
Solution(C) SO  2e  SO
4 3 E  0.936
o
SO32  2e  12 S2O32 E o  0.576

SO24  4e  12 S2O32
2  0.936  2  0.576
Eo   756 V
4
43. The correct order of equivalent conductance at infinite dilution of (i) LiCl, (ii) NaCl, and (iii) KCl
(A)i>ii>iii (B)iii>ii>i (C)ii>iii>i (D)i>iii>ii
Solution(B) Concept based
44.How much potential of a hydrogen electrode will change when its solution initially at pH = 0 is
neutralized to pH = 7?
(A)It will increase by 0.0591 V. (B)It will decrease by 0.0591 V.
(C)It will increase by 0.413 V. (D)It will decrease by 0.413 V.
Solution
(D) H  e 1
2
H2 (g)
0.0591 0.0591  2 H 2  0.591
1
1
E  Eo  log Q  0.0  log 
 log 7  0.0591 7  log10  0.413 V
n 1 [H ] 1 10
45.In an electrolysis of acidulated water, 4.48 L of hydrogen was produced by passing a current of 2.14
A. For how many hours was the current passed?
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 5
Solution
(D)The reaction occurring is
2H  2e  H2
3
Thus, 1 mol of H2, that is, 22400 cm at NTP requires 2F = 2 × 96500 C
2  96500  4480
Therefore, 4480 cm3 requires =  38600C
22400
Q 38600
As Q = I × t t = = =18037.38s  5h
I 2.14
46. Construct the cell corresponding to the reaction: 3Cr 2 (1M)  2Cr 3 (1M)  Cr(s) and predict if the
reaction is spontaneous. Also calculate the following ΔH and ΔS of the reaction at 25°C.
Given ECro ,Cr  0.5 V, ECro ,Cr  0.41 V, and ΔG of the reaction at 35°C = 270.50 kJ
3+ 3+ 2+
(A) ΔH = 51.05 kJ, ΔS = 700kJ K1 (B) ΔH = 31.05 kJ, ΔS = 700kJ K1
(C) ΔH = –51.05 kJ, ΔS = 706kJ K1 (D) ΔH = 53.05 kJ, ΔS = 706J K1
Solution
(D)The cell corresponding to the given reaction is as follows.
Cr 2+ (1 M) | Cr3+ (1 M) || Cr 2+ (1 M) | Cr(s)
Cr 3  3e  Cr(s), G1o   FECr
o
3+
,Cr
(1)
Cr 3  e  Cr 2 , G|2o   FECro 3+ /Cr2+ (2)
Subtracting Eq. (2) fromEq. (1), we get
Cr 2  2e  Cr(s), Go  3  0.5 F  0.41 F  1.91F
1.91
Now, Go  2FECr
o
2
/Cr
 1.91 F . Therefore, ECr
o
2+
/Cr
  0.955 V .
2
o
Ecell  ECr
o
2
/Cr
 ECr
o
3+
/Cr 2+
 0.955  0.41  1.365 V
o
Ecell is positive so G o is negative, and hence, the given reaction is spontaneous
o
 2  96500 1.365 J  263.44 kJ
From Gibbs-Helmholtz equation,
   G  
G  H  T  
   p
(270.50  263.44)
263.44  H  298  H  298  0.706
10
Solving, we get H  53.05 kJ. Hence, entropy can be determined as
H  G 53.05  263.44
S    0.706 kJ K 1  706 J K 1
T 298
47. Electrolysis of a solution of HSO4 ions produces S2 O82 . Assuming 75% current efficiency, what
current should be employed to achieve a production rate of 1 mol S2O8 per hour?
(A) 43.3 A (B) 71.5 A (C) 35.2 A (D) 58.3 A
Solution
(B) From Faraday’s law,
EIt
W n (1)
96500
Where W = 1 mol, n = 0.75, t = 1 h = 3600s. The reaction involved is
6 7
2H S O4  S2 O82
The molecular weight of S2 O82 = 192 g mol1, and equivalent weight, E = 192/2g equiv.
Substituting these values in Eq. (1), we get
W  96500 192  96500  2
I   71.5 A
E t n 192  3600  0.75
48.By how much would the oxidizing power of the (MnO4 | Mn 2 ) couple change if the H+ ions
concentration is decreased 100 times at 25°C?
(A)It will increase by 189 mV. (B)It will decrease by 189 mV.
(C)It will increase by 19 mV. (D)It will decrease by 19 mV.
Solution
(B) The reaction involved is MnO4  5e  8H  Mn 2  4H2O
According to Nernst equation,
0.059  [Mn 2 ] 
Ered  Ered o
 log    8
5  [MnO4 ][H ] 
Let [H+]initial = x/100 = x/102, therefore,
0.0591  [Mn 2 ]  1016 
Ered(initial)  Ered
o
 log   8 
5  [MnO4 ][X] 
0.0591
 log1016  0.1891 V
5
This Ered(initial)decreases by 0.189 V. The tendency of the half-cell to get reduced is its oxidizing power.
Hence, the oxidizing power decreases by 0.189 V.
49.How many grams of silver could be plated out on a serving tray by electrolysis of a solution containing
Ag(l) for a period of 8.0 h at a current of 8.46 A? What is the area of the tray if the thickness of the silver
platting is 0.00254 cm? (Density of silver is 10.5 gcm3.)
(A) 124.18g, 1.02  105 cm2 (B) 124.18g, 1.02  102 cm2
(C) 272.18g, 1.02  104cm2 (D) 272.18g, 1.02  102cm2
Solution
Eit 107.8  8.46  8  60  60
(C) WAg    272.18 g
96500 96500
272.18
Volume of Ag   25.92 mL
10.5
25.92
Surface area   1.02  104 cm2
0.00254
50.For HCl solution at 25C, the equivalent conductivity at infinite dilution is 425 S cm1equiv.1 The
specific conductance of a solution of HCl is 3.825 S cm1. If the apparent degree of dissociation is 90%,
the normality of solution is
(A)0.9 (B)10.00 (C)1.1 (D)1.2
Solution
 
(B)   0m  m  0.9   m  382.5 S cm1 g. equiv1
 m 425
382.5
Therefore,  m    N  N   10 N
3.825
51. The number of coulombs required to reduce 12.3 g of nitrobenzene to aniline is

(A) 96500 C (B) 5790 C (C) 95700 C (D) 57900 C
Solution
(D) The reaction is C6 H5 NO2  6H  6e  C6 H5 NH2  3H2O
6 F is required to reduce 1 mol of nitrobenzene to aniline. So, 6  96500 = 57900 C.
52. Molar conductances of BaCl2, H2SO4, and HCl at infinite dilutions are x1, x2, and x3, respectively,
equivalent conductance of BaSO4 at infinite dilution will be
(A) (x1 + x2 – x3)/2 (B)x1 + x2 – 2x3
(C) (x1 – x2 – x3)/2 (D) (x1 + x2 – 2x3)/2
Solution
(B) Using Kohlrausch’s law
0mBaCl   0 Ba 2  2 0Cl  x1 (1)
2
0mH SO  2 0 H   0SO24  x2 (2)

2 4
0mHCl = 0 H   0Cl  x3 (3)
Adding the Eqs (1) and (2) and subtracting 2Eq(3), we get
0mBaSO4  x1  x2  2x3 <>
53. Which among the following has maximum potential for the half-cell reaction: 2H+ + 2e H2?
(A) 1.0 M HCl (B) 1.0 M NaOH (C) Pure water (D) A solution with pH = 4
Solution
(A) HCl is a strong electrolyte. The reactions involved are
2H  2e  H2
H  Cl  HCl
54. If the hydrogen electrodes in two solutions of pH = 3 and pH = 6 are connected by a salt bridge, the
emf of the resulting cell is
(A) 0.177 V (B) 0.3 V (C) 0.052 V (D) 0.104 V
Solution
(A)
The half-cell reactions in the cell are:
At the anode : H 2  2H   2e
At the cathode : 2H   2e  H 2
The EMF of the cell is given by
0.0591 [H  ]2
Ecell  log  cathode
2
2 [H ]anode
0.0591
= (2 log[H  ]cathode  2 log[H + ]anode )
2
0.0591
= (2 pH cathode  2 pH anode )
2
0.0591
=  6  0.177V
2
Multiple Correct Choice Type
1.Which of the following aqueous solution turn(s) alkaline after electrolysis?
(A)NaCl (B) CuCl2 (C) CH3COONa (D) K2SO4
Solution
(A,B,C,D)
The reactions involved in the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solution are:
NaCl Na   Cl
H2O H   OH 
At the cathode : H   e  H
2H  H 2
At the anode : Cl  Cl  e

2Cl  Cl2
At the cathode H+ ions are discharged in preference to Na+ as discharge potential of ions H+ is lower than
that of Na+. Similarly Cl ions are discharged at anode in preference to OH ions. The solution contains
Na+ and OHions, so it is alkaline in nature.
For CuCl2 solution: Cu2+ is discharged at the cathode as it has lower discharge potential than H+ ions and
Cl ions are discharged at anode in preference to OH ions. So the solution contains OH and H+ ions and
is neutral.
For CH3COONa, CO2 and CH3CH3 are liberated at the anode and H2 at the anode:
At the anode : 2CH3COO  CH3  CH3 +2CO2  2e
At the cathode : 2H3O+  2e  2H 2 O  H 2
The solution will contain Na+ ions and OH and will be alkaline in nature.
In electrolysis of K2SO4, H+ ions are discharged in preference to K+ ions at the cathode as they have lower
discharge potential. Also OH ions are discharged at the anode as they have lower discharge potential
than sulphate ions.
2. For the cell Tl | Tl (0.001 M) || Cu 2 (0.1 M) | Cu. Given that Ecell is 0.83 V, which can be increased
(A)by increasing [Cu2+]. (B)by increasing [Tl+].
(C)by decreasing [Cu2+]. (D)by decreasing [Tl+].
Solution
(A, D) The reaction involved is 2Tl  Cu 2  2Tl  Cu
0.0591 [Tl2 ]
Ecell  Ecell
o
 log
2 [Cu 2 ]
3. We observe blue color if

(A) Cu electrode is placed in the AgNO3 solution.
(B) Cu electrode is placed in the ZnSO4.
(C) Cu electrode is placed in the dil. HNO3.
(D) Cu electrode is placed in the NiSO4.
Solution
(A,C) Due to the formation of Cu2+ ions in the solution.
4.In which of the following, ( Ecell  Ecell

o
)  0?
2+ +
(A) Zn|Zn (0.01 M)||Ag (0.1 M)|AgO(s) (B)Pt|H2 (1 atm)| pH=l||Zn2+ (0.01 M)|Zn
(C)Pt|H2 (1 atm)| pH=l||Zn2+ (1 M)|Zn (D)Pt|H2 (1 atm)| H+(0.01 M)||Zn2+(0.01 M)|Zn
Solution
(A,B)
(A)
0.0591 [Ag  ]2 0.0591 [0.1]2
Ecell  Ecell
o
 log 2
 log 0
2 [Zn ] 2 [0.01]
(B)
0.0591 [Zn 2 ] 0.0591 [0.01]
Ecell  Ecell
o
 log  2  log 0
2 [H ] 2 [0.1]2
(C)
0.0591 [Zn 2 ] 0.0591 [1] 0.0591

Ecell  Ecell
o
 log  2  log 2
 log100  0.0591V
2 [H ] 2 [0.1] 2
(D)
0.0591 [Zn 2 ] 0.0591 [0.01] 0.0591
Ecell  Ecell
o
 log  2  log  log100  0.0591V
2 [H ] 2 [0.01]2 2
5.Process inside the cell is exothermic when
 E   E 
(A)    0 (B)    0 (C) ΔH > nFE (D) ΔH = nFE
 T   T 
Solution
(A), (C)
 E 
If    0
 T 
that means
ΔH > nFE
It means the process inside the cell is exothermic.
6.Equal quantity of electricity is passed through three electrolytic cells containing aqueous solutions of
FeSO4,Fe2(SO4)3, and Fe(NO3)3. Regarding the electrolytic process which of the following is/are correct,
assuming at cathode only iron is reduced.
(A) The amount of iron deposited in the three cases is equal.
(B) The amount of iron deposited in Fe2 (SO4)3 and Fe(NO3)3 is equal.
(C) Same gas is evolved at anode in all three electrolytic processes.
(D) Amount of the iron deposited in Fe2(SO4)3 is double to that of iron deposited in case of Fe(NO3)3.
Solution
(B,C)
7.Which of the following statements is (are) correct?

(A) The reactivity of metals decreases in going down the electrochemical series.
(B) A metal can displace any other metal placed above it in the electrochemical series from its salt
solution.
(C) The oxidizing power of the substances decrease from the top to the bottom in the electrochemical
series.
(D) A redox reaction is feasible when the substance having higher reduction potential gets reduced and
the one having lower reduction potential gets oxidized.
Solution
(A,D)Reduction potential means the means the ability of the species to accept electrons. Metals are good
contributor of electrons. That is why down the group (which is arranged in order of increasing reduction
potential) reactivity decreases
8. Hydrogen gas will reduce

(A)heated cupric oxide. (B)heated silver oxide.
(C)heated zinc oxide. (D)heatedaluminum oxide.
Solution
(A, B) The standard reduction potential of copper and silver is greater than the standard reduction
potential of hydrogen. So hydrogen gas reduces cupric oxide and silver oxide.
9.Which of the following statements is (are) not correct?

(A) Metallic conduction is due to the movement of electrons whereas the electrolytic conduction is due to
the movement of ions.
(B) Both metallic and electrolytic conduct ions involve transfer of matter.
(C) Electrolytic conduction decreases with rise in temperature.
(D) Metallic conduction involves no chemical change.
Solution
(A,B)
10.Select the correct statements if 9.65 A current is passed for 1 h through the cell
Ag | Ag  (1 M) || Cu 2 (1 M) | Cu
(A) Ag will oxidize to Ag+ and new [Ag+]= 1.36 M.
(B) Ag+ will reduce to Ag and new [Ag+] = 0.64 M.
(C) Cu2+ will reduce to Cu and new [Cu2+] = 0.82 M.
(D) Cu will oxidize to Cu2+ and new [Cu2+] = 0.82 M.
Solution
w It 9.65  3600
(A,C)    0.36 equiv. of Ag  = 0.36 mol of Ag+( n = 1) and 0.18 mol of
E n  96500 96500n
Cu2+(n = 2).
Now, Ag will oxidize to Ag+ and Cu2+ will reduce to Cu.
11.The tarnishing of silver ornaments in atmosphere is due to

(A) Ag2O (B) Ag2S (C) Ag2CO3 (D) Ag2SO4
Solution.
(A,B) 2Ag  12 O2  Ag 2O
2Ag  H2S  Ag2S  H2
12.Which of the following statements are correct?

(A) Ionic mobility is directly proportional to the velocity of the ion.
(B) Ionic mobility of an ion decreases if potential gradient increases.
(C) Conductance of an electrolyte solution decreases if the interionic forces of attraction are high.
(D) Conductance = F Ionic mobility
Solution
(A,B,D)Conductance of an electrolyte solution increases if the interionic forces of attraction are high.
13.In the electrolysis of which of the following aqueous solutions, pH remains constant (assuming no
change in volume)
(A) K2SO4 (B) AgNO3 (B) CuCl2 (D)NaCl
Solution
(A,C)
In electrolysis of K2SO4, H+ ions are discharged in preference to K+ ions at the cathode as they have
lower discharge potential. Also OH ions are discharged at the anode as they have lower discharge
potential than sulphate ions. So the pH of solution will not change. >
In electrolysis of AgNO3: At the cathode Ag+ ions are discharged due to lower discharge potential than
H+ ions. At the anode, OH ions are discharged as they have lower discharge potential than nitrate ions.
So the solution will contain H+ and the pH of the solution will change.
For CuCl2 solution: Cu2+ is discharged at the cathode as it has lower discharge potential than H+ ions and
Cl ions are discharged at anode in preference to OH ions. So the pH of the solution will not change.
In electrolysis of NaCl: At the cathode H+ ions are discharged in preference to Na+ as discharge potential
of ions H+ is lower than that of Na+. Similarly Cl ions are discharged at anode in preference to OH ions.
The solution contains Na+ and OHions, so it is alkaline in nature (change in pH).
14.The standard emf of the cell, Cd(s) | CdCl2 (aq) || AgCl(s) | Ag(s) in which the cell reaction is 0.6195 V
at 0°C and 0.6753 V at 25°C. The value of ΔH of the reaction at 25°C is
(A) 167.26 kJmol1 (B)167.26 kJmol1 (C) 40 kJ mol1 (D)40 kJ mol1
Solution
dE 0.6753  0.6195
(B,D)   0.002232V K 1
dT 298  273
  dE  
Hence, H  nF  T   E
  dT  
15.Which are true for a standard hydrogen electrode?

(A)The hydrogen ion concentration is 1 M.
(B)Temperature is 25°C.
(C)Pressure of hydrogen is 1 atm.
(D)It contains a metallic conductor which does not adsorb hydrogen.
Solution
(A,B,C)It contains platinum electrode which is inert.
16.In which of the following electrolytes,KCl cannot be used in salt bridge?

(A) Solution of silver (B) Solution of mercurous ion
(C) Solution of thallous salt (D) Solution of Zn2+ ions
Solution
(A,D) With silver, lead and zinc ions present in electrolyte, KCl cannot be used as these ions are insoluble
in water and precipitation will take place.
17.Which of the following are concentration cells?

(A) Pt, H2 (g)( p1 ) | HCl | H2 (g)( p2 ),Pt
(B) Cd(Hg)(a1 ) | Cd 2 (C) | (Hg)Cd (a2 )
(C) Zn(s) | Zn 2 (C1 ) || Cu 2 (C2 ) | Cu
(D) Ag | AgCl | Cl (aq) (C1 ) || Br  (aq) (C2 ) | AgBr | Ag
Solution
(A,B,D)
Concept based. Concentration cells have the same electrodes with different concentrations of metal-ion,
or gas-ion or different electrode pressure.
18.When a nickel spatula is used to stir an aqueous copper sulphate solution,

(A)the solution is stirred well without any chemical change.
(B)nickel spatula gets partly oxidized into Ni2+ ions.
(C) Cu2+ ions present in the solution get partly reduced into Cu.
(D)copper gets deposited on the spatula.
Solution
(B,C,D)The reactions involved are CuSO4  Cu 2  SO24 and H2O  H  OH
2 
At the cathode: Cu  2e  Cu(s)
At the anode: Cu 2  2e  Cu(s)
 2
At the cathode: Ni  2e  Ni (aq)
19.Select the wrong relations.
 E   E 
(A) S     nF (B) S     nF
 T  p  T  p
 E   S   E  H  nEF
(C)     (D)   
 T  p  T   T  p T
Solution
 G 
(A,D) G  H  T S and G  H  T  
   P
 G  G  H T S
Therefore,      S
   p T T
 E 
Also, nEF  H  T   
 T  P
   H  nEF
Therefore,   
   p T
20.Saturated solution of KNO3 is used to make salt bridge because

(A)velocity of K+ greater than that of NO3 .
(B)velocity of NO3 is greater than that of K+.
(C)velocity of both K+ and NO3 are nearly the same.
(D) K+has very low reduction potential and NO3 has very low oxidation potential.
Solution
(A,C,D)
21.In which of the following salt bridge is not needed

(A) Pb|PbSO4(s)|H2SO4(aq)|PbO2(s)|Pb (B)Cd|CdO(s)|KOH(aq)|NiO2(s)|Ni
(C) Fe(s)|FeO(s)|KOH(aq)|Ni2O3(s)|Ni (D) Zn|ZnSO4|CuSO4(aq)|Cu
Solution
(A,B,C)Salt bridge is used to eliminate liquid junction potential arised due to different speed of ions
present in cathodic and anodic compartments.
Assertion–Reasoning Type
Choose the correct option from the following:
(A)Statement 1 and Statement 2 are True;Statement 2 is the correct explanation of the Statement 1.
(B)Statement 1 and Statement 2 are True;Statement 2 is NOT a correct explanation of the Statement 1.
(C)Statement 1 is True,Statement 2 is False.
(D)Statement 1is False,Statement 2is True.
1. Statement 1: If an aqueous solution of NaCl is electrolyzed, the product obtained at the cathode is H 2
gas and not Na.
Statement 2: Gases are liberated faster than the metals.
Solution
 
(C)The reactions involved are NaCl  Na   Cl and H2O  H  OH
At the cathode: 2H  2e  H2 (g)
At the anode: 2Cl  2e  Cl2 (g)
2. Statement 1: Specific conductance decreases with dilution ion, whereas equivalent conductance
increases.
Statement 2: On dilution, the number of ions per milliliter decreases, but the total number of ions
increases considerably.
Solution
(A)For specific conduction, the number of charge-carrying particles is less compared to the increases in
area.For equivalent conductance the increases in volume is more comparable to the decrease in specific
conductance.
3. Statement 1: On increasing dilution, the specific conductance keeps on increasing.

Statement 2: On increasing dilution, degree of ionization of weak electrolyte increases and mobility of
ions also increases.
Solution
(D) On dilution, the number of ions per unit volume decreases degree of ionization of weak electrolyte
increases and mobility of ions increases.
4.Statement 1: For the Daniell cell, ZnZn2+Cu2+Cu with Ecell = 1.1 V, the application of opposite
potential greater than 1.1 V results into flow of electrons from cathode to anode.
Statement 2: Zn is deposited at anode and Cu is dissolved at cathode.
Solution
(B) On applying potential greater than 1.1 V, reaction proceeds in opposite direction and the cell now
behaves as electrolytic cell.
5. Statement 1: Zinc displaces copper from copper sulphate solution.

Statement 2: Lesser number of ions are available per gram equivalent at higher concentration.
Solution
(A)Standard reduction potential of zinc electrode is less than that of copper electrode.
6.Statement 1: Calomel electrode especially with saturated KCl solution is used as a reference electrode,
that is, secondary standard electrode.
Statement 2: The potential of calomel electrode depends upon the concentration of Cl ions.
Solution
(B)Assertion is correct and reason is correct but not the proper explanation. Assertion is convention based
but reason is related to Nernst equation.
7. Statement 1: Salt bridge maintains electrical neutrality in two half-cells.

Statement 2: Salt bridge transfer ions from one solution to other.
Solution
(C) Salt bridge electrolytes maintain the electrical neutrality without mixing with the solution.
Comprehension Type
Read the paragraphs and answer the questions that follow:
Paragraph I: Molar conductance of NaClvaries with concentration according to the equation
m  0m  b C where  m is molar specific conductance,  0m is molar specific conductance at infinite
dilution, and C is the molar concentration. The variation is shown in the following table:
Molar Concentration of NaCl Molar Conductance in S cm2mol1
4  104 107
9  104 97
16  104 87
1.When a certain conductivity cell (C) was filled with 25  104 (M) NaCl solution. The resistance of the
cell was found to be 1000 . At infinite dilution, conductance of Cl and SO24 are 80 S cm2mol1 and 160
S cm2 mol1, respectively. What is the molar conductance of NaCl at infinite dilution?
(A) 147 S cm2 mol–1 (B) 107 S cm2mol–1 (C) 127 S cm2mol1 (D) 157 S cm2mol–1
Solution
(C) Given that R = 1000 , 0m (Cl )  80 S cm2 mol1; 0m (SO24 )  160 S cm2 mol1. Applying the equation
0m  m  b C , we get
0m( NaCl)  107  b 4 104 (1)
0m( NaCl)  97  b 9 104 (2)
Subtracting Eq. (2) from Eq. (1), we get
0  10  b(2 102 )  b(3 102 )
Solving, we get b = 103. Hence, 0m(NaCl)  107  103 4 104  107  20  127 S cm2 mol1
2. What is the cell constant of the conductivity cell (C)?

(A) 0.385 cm1 (B) 3.85 cm1 (C) 38.5 cm1 (D) 0.1925 cm1
Solution
(D)We have 0m  m  b C  127  103 25 104  127  103  5 102  77
1000
0m    C  77  K  V  K 
25  104
Hence,   77  25 10  1925 10
7 7
1 l l
Now,      1925  107  1000  0.1925 cm1
R A A
3. If the cell (C) is filled with 5  103 (N) Na2SO4, the observed resistance was 400 . What is the molar
conductance of Na2SO4?
(A) 19.25 S cm2mol1 (B) 96.25 S cm2mol1 (C) 385 S cm2mol1 (D) 192.5 S cm2mol1
Solution
5  103 l
(D) We know that N  M  2  M  . We found that  0.1925 cm 1
2 A
1000  2 1 l 1000  2
   V      
5 103 R A 5 103
1 1000  2
  0.1925 
400 5  103
 0.009625  104  192.5 S cm2 mol1
Paragraph II:
Pb is used at anode and PbO2 at cathode in a lead storage battery, while concentrated H2SO4 is used as
electrolyte. The battery holds 3.5 L acid with it. During the discharge process, the density of acid
fallsfrom 1.294 to 1.139 gL1. Given that the sulphuric acid of density 1.294 g mL1 is 39% by mass and
that of density 1.139 gL1 is 20% by mass.
4.Equivalent mass of sulphuric acid in lead storage battery is

(A) 49 (B) 98 (C) 24.5 (D) none of these.
Solution
(B) Pb  SO42  PbSO4  2e
PbO2  4H  SO42  2e  PbSO4  2H2O
Overall cell reaction is Pb  PbO2  4H  2O42  2PbSO4  2H2O
From the above equation, it is clear that EH SO  98
2 4
1
5.Normalities of sulphuric acid before and after discharge are

(A) 5.15, 2.32 (B) 2.32, 5.15 (C) 5.15, 5.15 (D) 2.32, 2.32
Solution
39
(A)Weight of H2SO4 . before discharging = 1.294   3500  1766.31g
100
Weight of H2SO4 after discharging = 1.139  20  3500  797.3 g
100
Normality of H2SO4 before discharging = 1766.31 1
  5.15 N
98 3.5
Normality of H2SO4 after discharging = 797.3  1  2.32 N
98 3.5
6. The number of ampere-hours for which the battery must have been used is
(A) 26504 Ah (B) 2650.4 Ah (C) 265.04 Ah (D) 26.504 Ah
Solution
Coulomb 954178
(C) Amperehour    265.05
3600s 3600
7.The amount of charge which the battery must have been used is
(A) 9.88 F (B) 8.98 F (C) 8.89 F (D) 7.88 F
Solution
(A)1766.31 – 797.3 = 969.01 g
Moles of H 2SO4 lost during discharge = 969.01  9.88786
98
During the discharge reaction, 4 mol of H  ions, that is, 2 mol of H2SO4 require 2F, 2 × 96500
coulombs.
Therefore, 9.88786 mol will require = 2×96500×9.88786  954178 C
2
8.Which of the following takes place in discharge process at anode?

(A) PbO2  4H  SO42  2e  PbSO4  2H2O
(B) PbSO4  2H2O  PbO2  4H  SO42  2e
(C) Pb  SO24  PbSO4  2e
(D) PbSO4  2e  Pb  SO24
Solution
(B) PbSO4  2H2O  2PbO2  4H  SO42  2e
Paragraph III:
At equilibrium, the driving force ΔG is equal to zero, just as in any other spontaneous process. Both ΔG
and Ecell are zero when the redox reaction is at equilibrium. The Nernst equation for the redox process of
the cell is
0.059
Ecell = Ecello
 log Q
n
Where Q is the reaction quotient and the standard cell potential Eo is derived from the standard Gibbs
energy change as
ΔG o
o
Ecell =
nF
At equilibrium, the Nernst equation is
o 0.059
Ecell = log KC
n
9.On the basis of information available for the reaction

4
3
Al  O2  12 Al2O3 ; G  827 kJ mol1 of O2
the minimum emf required to carry out an electrolysis of Al2O3 is (Given 1 F = 96500 C)
(A) 2.14V (B) 4.28V (C) 6.42 V (D) 8.56 V
Solution
(A) G  nFE o  –827 × 1000 = –4 × 96500 Eo  Eo = 2.14V.
o
10. The nature of graph of Ecell against log KC is a/an
(A) straight line. (B) parabola. (C) hyperbola. (D) elliptical curve.
Solution
(A) E o  0.059 log K . This represents a straight line passing through origin
n
 2
11. The equilibrium constant KC for the reaction Cu(s)  2Ag (aq) Cu (aq)  2Ag(s) ( Ecell  0.46 V)
o
will be
(A) antilog 15.6 (B) antilog 2.5 (C) antilog 1.5 (D) antilog 12.2
Solution
0.059
(A) 0.46  log K  log K =15.6  K = antilog 15.6.
2
Integer Answer Type

The answer to each question is a non-negative integer.
1. For the Mg−Ag cell, if concentration of Mg2+ ions is changed from 0.1 M to 0.01 M and that of Ag+
ions is changed from 0.5 M to 0.25 M, the number of times the difference between the emf of the cell and
its standard emf will change is ____.
Solution
0.0591 0.1
(2) The original emf is Ecell = Ecell
o
 log
2 0.5
Now, changed or new emf is
0.0591 0.01
o
Ecell = Ecell  log
2 0.25
Solving only the log terms, we get
In the first case log 0.1/0.5 = 0.6989
In the second case log 0.01/0.25 = 1.3979
Taking their ratios, we get 1.3979/0.6989 = 2.
2. Calculate the volume of Cl2 at NTP produced during electrolysis of MgCl2 which produces 6.50 g Mg.
(atomic weight of Mg = 24.3 amu).
Solution
(6) At cathode: Mg2+ + 2e– Mg
At anode: 2Cl– Cl2 + 2e
Therefore, the equivalent of Mg at cathode = Equivalent of Cl2 at anode
6.5 wCl2
Therefore,   wCl2  18.99 g
24.3 / 2 35.5
w
At NTP, pV  RT . Substituting values, we get
m
18.99
1 V   0.0821 273
71
Solving, we get volume of Cl2 = 5.99 L.
3. When water is electrolyzed, hydrogen and oxygen gases are produced. If 1.008 g of H2 is liberated at
cathode, the mass of O2 formed at the anode is___.
Solution
(8) When water is electrolyzed, gram equivalent mass is liberated at cathode and anode.
H2O  H2  12 O2
Mass of H2 formed = 1.008 g
1.008
Number of moles of H2 = = 0.504
2
Mass of O2 formed = x g
Number of moles of O2 = x/32
According to the law of conservation of mass,
Number of moles of H2 2 = Number of moles of O2
1 x  32.256
0.504     x   8.064 g
2  32  4
4. At equimolar concentration of Fe2+ and Fe3+ what must [Ag+] be so that the voltage of the galvanic cell
made from Ag+/Ag and Fe3+/Fe2+ electrodes equals zero? The reaction is Fe2  Ag  Fe3  Ag.
 7.99 V and EFe+ /Fe2+  0.771V .
o o
Determine the equilibrium constant at 25°C for the reaction. Given: EAg +
/Ag
Solution
o
(3) Ecell  EFe
o
2
/Fe3
 EAg
o

/Ag
 0.771  0.799  0.028V
At equilibrium, Ecell  0 , so
0.0591 [Fe3  ]
0  Ecell
o
 log 2 
1 [Fe ][Ag  ]
1
o
Ecell  0.0591log  [Ag  ]  0.34M
[Ag  ]
nE o
Now, log K   K  3.0 .
0.0591
5. Cd amalgam is prepared by the electrolysis of a solution of CdCl2 using a mercury cathode. Find how
long should a current of 5 Abe passed in order to prepare 12% Cd-Hg amalgam on a cathode of 2.56 g
mercury? (Atomic weight of Cd = 112.40 amu).
Solution
12  2
(2) 88 g Hg has 12 g Cd. Therefore, 2.56g Hg require  g Cd  0.349
88
112.40
Since Cd2+ + 2e  Cd, hence the equivalent weight of Cd is ECd 
2
Eit 112.4  5  t
Now, w  0.349   t  120s  2min
96500 2  96500
6. The equilibrium constant for the following reaction at 298 K is expressed as x 10y.
2Fe3  2I   2Fe 2  I 2, Ecell
o
 0.235 V . The value of y is ___.
Solution
0.0591  2×0.235 
o
(7) Ecell = log KC  KC = antilog   =8.966×10
7
2  0.0591 
7. The standard oxidation potential of Ni/Ni2+ electrode is 0.236 V. If this is combined with a hydrogen
electrode in acid solution, at what pH of the solution will the measured emf be zero at 25°C? (Assume
[Ni2+] = 1 M and pH2  1atm )
Solution
(4) Ni  Ni 2  2e; Eox
o
 0.236 V
2H  2e  H2 ; Ered
o
0
Therefore, Ecell  0 so Ecell 0.059 [H  ]2  0  0.236  0.059 log [H  ]2

o
 log10 10
2 [Ni 2 ] 2
Solving, we get  log H  4 therefore pH  4 .
Matrix–Match Type
1. Match the cell with its applications
Column I Column II
(A) Nickel–Cadmium cell (p) Used in auto vehicles
(B) Lithium battery (q) Secondary cell
(C)H2–O2 cell (r) Fuel cell
(D)Lead storage battery (s) Used in Apollo spacecraft
Solution
(A) (q); (B) (q); (C) (r, s); (D) (p, q)
Concept based
2. Match the cell with its characteristics

Column I Column II
(A) Concentration cell (p) Fe is oxidised by Ni2O3
(B) Edison cell (q) Zinc anode
(C) Mercury cell (r) Hg cathode
(D) Dry cell (s) Eo = 0
Solution
(A)  (s); (B) (p); (C)(q, r); (D) (q)
Concept based
3.For the galvanic cell Ag|Ag  (aq, 0.1 M) || Cd 2 (aq, 0.1 M)|Cd , EAg
o
+
/Ag
 0.80 V, ECd
o
2+
/Cd
 0.40 V.
Match the quantities with their values.
Column I Column II
(A) The cell reaction (p) 1.17 V
(B) Reaction quotient (q) 1.20 V
(C) The cell potential (r) Non-spontaneous
(D) The standard cell potential (s) 1/10
o
(t) Ecell  Ecathode
o
 Eanode
o
Solution
(A)  (p, r); (B)  (s); (C)  (p ); (D)  (t, q)
(A) Ecell = Ecathode – Eanode
0.0591 [Ag  ]2 0.0591
Ecell  Ecell
0
  1.20  (1)  1.17V
2 [Cd 2  ] 2
As Ecell is negative, G =nFE is positive, so the reaction should be non-spontaneous
(B) [Ag+]2/[Cd2+] = (0.1)2/ 0.1 = 1/10
(C) Ecell = Ecathode – Eanode
o
(D) Ecell  Ecathode
o
 Eanode
o
= 0.400.80 = 1.20 V.
4. Match the electrode with its composition.

Column I Column II
(A) Concentration cell
(p)
(B) Electrode reversible with (q) Pt | Hg Cl , KCl
2 2
respect to anion
(C)Quinhydrone electrode (r) Na(Hg) | NaCl | Na (Hg)
(D) Redox electrode (s) Ag/AgCl, Cl–
Solution
(A) (r); (B) (q); (C) (p); (D) (s)
Concept based.

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Chapter 11: Electrochemistry

6. Electrolytic conductivity decreases with dilution. Explain.

8.Explain the following:

I2+2e– 2I–; EIo2 = 0.54V

17. Explain why:

20. Why do electrochemical cells stop working after sometime?

21. In a concentration cell, give reasons for the following:

22. What is the effect of dilution on

The value of n is 2: G° = –nF Ecell

2. Calculate ΔG° for the reaction 2MnO4–+6H+ + 5HCHO22Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5CO2

If we use the values given in the exercise, we arrive at

6. At 25°C, a galvanic cell was set up having the following half-reactions:

Cu2+(aq) + 2e– 2+  0.3419 V

H2(g)  2H+(aq) + 2e–; Eoxo = 0.0000 V

The graph between m and C1/2is shown as follows:

Additional Objective Questions

7.When a lead storage battery is discharged

11.The standard emf of the cell in which the reaction

Under standard conditions pCl2  1, therefore log pCl

(A)1.75 V (B)+1.7795 V (C)+0.7795 V (D)1.7795 V

M  nH+  Mn + n2 H2 (g) E o  10.76 V

29. Cr2O72  I –  I2  Cr 3+ , Ecell

(A) 0.54 V (B)0.054 V (C) +0.18 V (D)0.18 V

30.Value of EHo 2O/H2 (1 atm) at 298 K would be

31. Efficiency of the following cell is 84%

33.Calculate the emf of the cell

36.In lead storage battery, during discharging process

38.The emf of the standard Weston cadmium cell is

40.Best way to prevent rusting of iron is by

51. The number of coulombs required to reduce 12.3 g of nitrobenzene to aniline is

0mH SO  2 0 H   0SO24  x2 (2)

0mHCl = 0 H   0Cl  x3 (3)

At the anode : Cl  Cl  e

3. We observe blue color if

4.In which of the following, ( Ecell  Ecell

0.0591 [Zn 2 ] 0.0591 [1] 0.0591

7.Which of the following statements is (are) correct?

8. Hydrogen gas will reduce

9.Which of the following statements is (are) not correct?

11.The tarnishing of silver ornaments in atmosphere is due to

12.Which of the following statements are correct?

15.Which are true for a standard hydrogen electrode?

16.In which of the following electrolytes,KCl cannot be used in salt bridge?

17.Which of the following are concentration cells?

18.When a nickel spatula is used to stir an aqueous copper sulphate solution,

20.Saturated solution of KNO3 is used to make salt bridge because

21.In which of the following salt bridge is not needed

3. Statement 1: On increasing dilution, the specific conductance keeps on increasing.

5. Statement 1: Zinc displaces copper from copper sulphate solution.

7. Statement 1: Salt bridge maintains electrical neutrality in two half-cells.

2. What is the cell constant of the conductivity cell (C)?

4.Equivalent mass of sulphuric acid in lead storage battery is

5.Normalities of sulphuric acid before and after discharge are

8.Which of the following takes place in discharge process at anode?

9.On the basis of information available for the reaction

Integer Answer Type

Therefore, Ecell  0 so Ecell 0.059 [H  ]2  0  0.236  0.059 log [H  ]2

2. Match the cell with its characteristics

4. Match the electrode with its composition.