MATH 9 QUARTER 2 Week 1 : VARIATION

NAME: ____________________________________ YR & SEC: _________

Competency :
The learner demonstrates understanding on the key concepts of variations (direct,
inverse, joint and combined). (M9AL-IIa-1).

Expectations

This module was designed to help you demonstrate understanding on the key concepts
of variations such as direct, inverse, joint and combined.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. illustrates situations involve different types of variations;
2. differentiate one type of variation from another type;
3. solved problems involving the concepts of variation.

Pre-test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following is an example of a direct variation?

a. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 c. 𝑥𝑦 = 8
3 6
b. 𝑦
=𝑥 d. 𝑦 = 𝑥

2. Which of the following is an example of an inverse variation?

𝑥
a. 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 c. 𝑦 = 𝑘
𝑘
b. 𝑦=𝑥 d. 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 2
3. What is the value of k (the constant of variation) in the equation y = kab?
𝑦 𝑎𝑏
a. 𝑘 = 𝑎𝑏 c. 𝑘 = 𝑦
𝑎𝑦 𝑎
b. 𝑘= 𝑏
d. 𝑘 = 𝑏𝑦
4. m varies directly as n but inversely as p. What is k if m is 16, n is 8 and p is 18?
a. 18 c. 28
b. 26 d. 36
5. A journey takes 8 hours at 60 km/hr. How long will the same journey take at 70
km/hr?
1
a. 93 c. 43
6
b. 34 d. 6 7

MATH 9 QUARTER 2 WEEK 1 1

 Looking Back to your Lesson

From your previous lessons, you have learned about ratio and proportion.

What is Ratio and Proportion in Maths?

The definition of ratio and proportion is described here in this module. Both
concepts are an important part of Mathematics. In real life also, you may find a lot of
examples such as the rate of speed (distance/time) or price (peso/meter) of a material,
etc, where the concept of the ratio is highlighted.

Definition of Ratio
In certain situations, the comparison of two quantities by the method of division
is very efficient. We can say that the comparison or simplified form of two quantities of
the same kind is referred to as ratio. This relation gives us how many times one quantity
is equal to the other quantity. In simple words, the ratio is the number which can be used
to express one quantity as a fraction of the other ones.

Ratio Formula
Assume that, we have two quantities or two numbers or two entities and we have to find
the ratio of these two, then the formula for ratio is defined as;
a: b ⇒ a/b, where a and b could be any two quantities.
Example1: In ratio 4:9, is represented by 4/9, where 4 is antecedent and 9 is
consequent.
If we multiply and divide each term of ratio by the same number (non-zero), it doesn’t
affect the ratio.
Example 2: 4:9 = 8:18 = 12:27

Definition of Proportion
Ratio and proportions are said to be faces of the same coin. When two ratios are
equal in value, then they are said to be in proportion. In simple words, it compares
two ratios. Proportions are denoted by the symbol ‘::’ or ‘=’.

Proportion Formula
Now, let us assume that, in proportion, the two ratios are a:b & c:d. The two
terms ‘b’ and ‘c’ are called ‘means or mean term,’ whereas the terms ‘a’ and ‘d’ are
known as ‘extremes or extreme terms.’ a/b = c/d or a : b = c : d
Example 3: Our first ratio of the number of girls to boys is 3:5 and that of the other is
4:8, then the proportion can be written as
3 : 5 :: 4 : 8 or 3/5 = 4/8. Here 3 & 8 are the extremes, while 5 & 4 are the means.

Introduction of the Topic

In mathematics variation we solved numerous types of problems on variation by

using different types of variation like direct variation, inverse variation, joint variation
and combined variation.

MATH 9 QUARTER 2 WEEK 1 2

Lesson 1- VARIATIONS

Variation is mathematical concept where two variables may be related in such a way
that if one of the quantities increases or decreases that other quantity will also
increase or decrease in a definite way.

Types of Variation

Direct Variation – is a relationship between two

variables x & y such that the ratio (or quotient) of y
to x is a constant.

In symbols, y varies directly as x is written as or

y= kx where k≠0 is called the constant of variation.

The expressions “y varies as x”, “y varies directly

as x”, “y is proportional to x”, “y directly
Example 1: Illustration of a direct variation. Use k as constant of variation.
proportional to x” are all used with the same
meaning.
a. The cost (C) varies directly as the number of (n) of pen is written as C=kn.
b. The circumference (C) of a circle varies directly as its diameter (d), i.e. C=kd
where k=π.“
c. Y varies directly as x and y = 40 when x = 8. Find y when x = 6.
Solution:

y= kx Given

40 = 𝑘(8) Substitute the value of x and y.

40 8𝑘
8
= 8
Simplify

𝑘=5 Constant of Variation

Furthermore, to find the value of y, when x = 6.

𝑦 = 5𝑥 Given

y= (5)(6) Simplify

y = 30

Inverse Variation – is a relationship between

two variables x & y such that n matter how the
values of k, x, and y change, their product is a
constant.
In symbols, y varies inversely as x is written as or k= xy where k≠0
is called the constant of variation.
The expressions “y varies inversely as x”, “y varies indirect
proportion to x”, “y is inversely proportional to x”, “y indirectly
proportional to x” are all used with the same meaning.“

Example 2: Illustration of an inverse variation. Use k as constant of variation.

a. The electric current (I) varies inversely as the resistance (R) at a constant
𝑘
voltage is written as I = .
𝑅

MATH 9 QUARTER 2 WEEK 1 3

 b. At a constant temperature, the volume (V) of a gas varies inversely as the
𝑘
pressure (p) upon it, i.e. V=𝑝 .

c. If y varies inversely as x and y = 25 when x = 6. Find y when x = 15.

Solution:
𝑘
y= 𝑥
Given

𝑘
25 = 6
Substitute the value of x and y.

𝑘 = 150 Constant of Variation

Furthermore, to find the value of y, when x = 15 and k = 150.

𝑘
y= Given
𝑥

150
y= 15
Substitute and simplify.

y=10

Joint Variation – is a variation where variable

varies as the product of two or more other variables.

In joint variation, z varies jointly as x and y. In

symbols, we write, z = kxy or where k≠0 is called the
constant of variation.
Example 3: Illustration of a joint variation. Use k as constant of variation.

a. The area (A) of a rectangle varies jointly as its length (l) and width (w) is written
as A = klw.

b. Find the equation of variation where z varies jointly as x and y when k = 10.
Solution:
z = kxy Given

z = 10xy

c. If z varies jointly as x and y and z = 60 when x = 5 when y = 4. Find the value of

z, when x = 3 and y = 7.
Solution:
z = kxy Given
60
𝑘= (5)(4)
Substitute

60
𝑘= Simplify
20

𝑘= 3 Constant of Variation

Therefore, z =3xy.

Solving for z when x =3 and y = 7 we get,

z = 3xy

z = 3(3)(7) Substitute and simplify.

MATH 9 QUARTER 2 WEEK 1 4

 z = 63

Combined Variation – is a variation that

involves both direct and inverse variations.

The statement z varies directly as x and inversely as

y means z = or where k≠0 is called the constant
of variation.
Example 4: Illustration of a combined variation. Use k as constant of variation.

𝑘𝑠𝑡
a. r varies jointly as s and t and inversely as u is written as r = 𝑢
.

𝑘𝑑
b. Translate the equation A = 𝑡2
into mathematical statement.
Solution:
A varies directly as d and inversely as the square of t.

c. w varies directly as the product of x and y , inversely as the square of z . If

w = 9 when x = 6 , y = 27 and z = 3 , find w when x = 4 , y = 7 and z = 2 .

Solution:
kxy
w=
z2 Given

k (6)(27)
9=
(3)2 Substitute the first given values of w, x, y and z.

k (162)
9=
9 Simplify

81 = 162k

81 1
k= k=
162 or 2 Constant of Variation

1
k=
Find the value of w when 2 and use the second set of values when x = 4 ,
y = 7 and z = 2 , you have
1
𝑥𝑦
𝑤= 2
𝑧2
Given

1
(4)(7)
w= 2
22 Substitute the second given values of x, y and z.

(2)(7)
w=
4 Simplify

7
w=
2 or w = 3.5

MATH 9 QUARTER 2 WEEK 1 5

 Activities

Activity 1.1 My DIRECT-ory!

A. Translate each statements into Direct Variation equation, where k is the
constant of variation.
__________1. The Volume (V) of a cylinder varies directly as its height (h).
__________2. The Area (A) of a triangle is proportional to its height (h).
__________3. The Distance (D) travelled by car varies directly as its speed (s).
B. If y varies directly as x, find the value as indicated.
___________4. If y=12 when x=4, find y when x=12.
___________5. If y=-18 when x= 9, find y when x=7.
___________6. If y=-3 when x=-4, find x when y=2.

Activity 1.2 Finding INVERSus

A. Translate statements into inverse variation equation.
__________1. The length (l) of a rectangular field varies inversely as its width (w).
__________2. The base (b) of a triangle varies inversely as its altitude (a).
__________3. The acceleration (a) of a car is inversely proportional to its mass (m).
B. If y varies inversely as x, find the value as indicated.
___________4. If y=3 when x=4, find y when x=6
___________5. If y=100 when x= 27, find y when x=45
___________6. If y=10 when x=5, find x when y=15

Activity 1.3 COMBINED as ONE

A. Translate each statements into variation equation.

__________1. W varies jointly as (c) and the square of (a) and inversely as (b).
__________2. P varies directly as the square of i and inversely as x.
__________3. The pressure (P) of a gas varies directly as its temperature (t) and invesely
as its volume (v).
B. Solve the following.
If (r) varies directly as (s) and inversely as the square of (v), and r=2 when s=18
and v=2, find:
___________4. r when v= 3 and s= 27
___________5. s when v= 3 and r= 4
___________6. v when r= 1 and s= 36

MATH 9 QUARTER 2 WEEK 1 6

 Remember
1. Direct Variation – is a relationship between two variables x & y such that the
ratio (or quotient) of y to x is a constant.
In symbols, y varies directly as x is written as y/x=k or y= kx where k≠0 is called
the constant of variation.
2. Inverse Variation – is a relationship between two variables x & y such that n
matter how the values of k, x, and y change, their product is a constant.
𝑘
In symbols, y varies inversely as x is written as 𝑦 = or k= xy where k≠0 is called
𝑥
the constant of variation.
3. Joint Variation – is a variation where variable varies as the product of two or
more other variables.
In joint variation, z varies jointly as x and y. In symbols, we write, z = kxy or
𝑧
𝑘 = 𝑥𝑦 where k≠0 is called the constant of variation.
4. Combined Variation – is a variation that involves both direct and inverse
variations.
𝑘𝑥
The statement z varies directly as x and inversely as y means z = or 𝑘=
𝑦
𝑦𝑧
where k≠0 is called the constant of variation.
𝑥

Check your Understanding

Match the given in column A to the type of variation in column B. Write your answer
before the number.
A B
_______1. 𝑚 = 𝑘𝑛 a. Direct Variation
𝑘
_______2. 𝑎 = 𝑏
b. Inverse Variation

_______3. 𝑔 = 𝑘ℎ𝑖 c. Joint Variation

𝑘𝑔
_______4. 𝑓 = ℎ
d. Combined Variation

𝑘𝑏
_______5. 𝑎 = 𝑐2

_______6. 𝑓 = 𝑘𝑔

_______7. 𝑝 = 𝑘𝑟𝑠

𝑘𝑙
_______8. 𝑚 = 𝑛

𝑘
_______9. 𝑡 = 𝑟

_______10. 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑦𝑧

MATH 9 QUARTER 2 WEEK 1 7

 Post-test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following is an example of a direct variation?

a. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 c. 𝑥𝑦 = 8
3 6
b. 𝑦
=𝑥 d. 𝑦 = 𝑥
2. Which of the following is an example of an inverse variation?
𝑥
a. 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 c. 𝑦 =
𝑘
𝑘
b. 𝑦=𝑥 d. 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 2
3. What is the value of k (the constant of variation) in the equation y = kab?
𝑦 𝑎𝑏
a. 𝑘= c. 𝑘 =
𝑎𝑏 𝑦
𝑎𝑦 𝑎
b. 𝑘= 𝑏
d. 𝑘 = 𝑏𝑦
4. m varies directly as n but inversely as p. What is k if m is 16, n is 8 and p is 18?
a. 18 c. 28
b. 26 d. 36
5. A journey takes 8 hours at 60 km/hr. How long will the same journey take at 70
km/hr?
1
a. 93 c. 43
6
b. 34 d. 6 7

Reflection

Your goal in this section is to write what’s in your mind by completing the sentences.

1. What went well in this module? Explain Briefly

___________________________________________________________________________
2. What could I have done differently? _____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. What did I learn from this module that will help me in the future?
___________________________________________________________________________

MATH 9 QUARTER 2 WEEK 1 8

 MATHEMATICS 9
Quarter 2 Week 1
ANSWER SHEET
Name: Math Teacher:
Section: Score:

MATH 9 QUARTER 2 WEEK 1 9

MATH 9 QUARTER 2 WEEK 1 10