A testbook coin (oa | Inferential Data Analysis MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Inferential Data Analysis - Download Free PDF © Last updated on Dec 17, 2023 Latest Inferential Data Analysis MCQ Objective Questions Inferential Data Analysis Question 1: For a symmetric distribution, which of the following formula is not correct? 1, Mean - Mode = 3 (Mean - Median) 2, Mean = } (3 Median - Mode) 3. Mean = Mode + + (Mean - Median) 4, Mean - Mode = } (Median - Mode) Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: Mean = Mode + + (Mean - Median)& testbook English Vv [easwnes India’s Super leachers . Gs /M\ ‘Ace your Education and Research in Education preparations for Measurement and Analysis of Data with us and master Inferential Data Analysis for your exams. Learn today! [__wonrorrrenow Inferential Data Analysis Question 1 Detailed Solution © Key Points * Ina symmetric distribution, the mean, median, and mode are all equal * Therefore, the formula Mean = Mode + 13 (Mean - Median) cannot be correct for a symmetric distribution. The other formulas are correct for a symmetric distribution. Mean - Mode = 3 (Mean - Median) * Ina symmetric distribution, the mean is equal to the mode, and the median is halfway between the mean and the mode. Therefore, the mean - mode is equal to 3 (mean - median). Mean = 12 (3 Median - Mode) * Ina symmetric distribution, the mean is equal to the median. Therefore, the mean is equal to 12 (3 median - mode). Mean - Mode = 32 (Median - Mode) * Ina symmetric distribution, the mean is equal to the mode, and the median is equal to the mean. Therefore, the mean - mode is equal to 32 (median - mode) Therefore, the correct answer is 3, Mean = Mode + 13 (Mean - Median).& testbook English (_cetstatea J (wwose | CERES Inferential Data Analysis Question Which of the following is affected most by extreme scores? 1. Geometric mean 2. Arithmetic mean 3. Median 4, Mode Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2 : Arithmetic mean Inferential Data Analysis Question 2 Detailed Solution Measures of central tendency provides a single value that indicates the general magnitude of the data and this single value provides information about the characteristics of the data by identifying the value at or near the central location of the data © Key Points The three measures of central tendency that we will be discussing are: Mean or Arithmetic mean, Median and Mode. + Mean or Arithmetic mean for sample is denoted by symbol ‘M or X (‘x-bar')’ and mean for population is denoted by ‘yi’ (mu). It is one of the most commonly used measures of central tendency and is often referred to as average. * It can also be termed as one of the most sensitive measure of central tendency as all the scores in a data are taken in to consideration when it is computed. Properties of Mean:-& testbook English (_cetstatea J © Mean Is especially etfective when we want the measure of central tendency to reflect the sum ot the scores. Thus, it is concluded that Arithmetic mean is most affected by extreme scores. ‘@ Hint * Median is a point in any distribution below and above which lie half of the scores. The middle score in this distribution is then identified as median. * Mode is denoted by symbol ‘Mo’. Mode is the score in a distribution that occurs most frequently. * Geometric mean is an average based on the product of items. When the number of, items is three or more, finding their product and extracting its roots becomes difficult. a a a (wees | CES Inferential Data Analysis Question A teacher finds that the distribution of scores for a self made test is positively skewed. What inference he / she should make about the difficulty level of this test? 1, The test is difficult 2. The test is easy 3, The test is moderate difficulty 4, The test is moderately of low difficulty Answer (Detailed Solution Below)& testbook English (_cetstatea J Inferential Data Analysis Question 3 Detailed Solution Descriptive statistics: * Descriptive statistics describe the trend or a feature or a characteristic or phenomena of the data. * This can be normally distributed. * This involves central tendency(mean, median, mode), Spread chart(histogram, bar graphs, etc), Range, variance, etc. * For eg. Average height of grade 9th students in XYZ school. Hence, When the nature of the population from which samples is drawn is not known to be normally distributed the data can be analyzed with the help of Non-parametric statistics. Central tendency: Central tendency provides descriptive representation of entire data set which reflects the entire data set. Mean, Mode and median are measures of central tendency. Mean: Mean (average) is the sum of all quantities divided by no of quantities of the data set. Mode: It is the most repeated value in the data set. Median: Median is the middlemost value of the data set. Dispersion: This tells about the scatterings of data around the mean. It gives information about how stretched or squeezed the distribution of data are, Range, std deviation, percentile, etc. are used to measure dispersion. Shape of a probability distribution: 1. In probability theory, Normal Distribution is an arrangement of values in which most of the values are in the middle and the rest are symmetrically distributed at the end. This observed in the normal probability curve. Normal Probability Curve is a bell-shaped curve having the highest point at the mean which is symmetrical along the vertical line drawn at the mean. In this, the mean, median and mode are identical. 2. Normal distributions are often observed in nature. Therefore, in natural and social science experiments the random variables are assumed to be normally distributed. 3. The other common shapes are skewness and kurtosis. Skewness: The skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution assuming a unimodal distribution (assuming there is only one peak in the distribution of values) We can say that the skewness indicates how much our underlying distribution deviates from the normal distribution since the normal distribution has skewness 0. Generally, we have three types of skewness * Symmetrical: When the skewness is close to 0 and the mean is almost the same as the median «Negative skew: When the left tail of the histogram of the distribution is longer and the majority of the observations are concentrated on the right tail. In this case, we can use also the term “left- skewed! or “left-tailed’”, and the median is greater than the mean,@ testbook English Vv Frequnecy ———— Negative direction » Important Points * Ifa test shows, a left-skewed distribution, this means most of the students are high scorers who scored above average and there is a very less number of students who scored very low marks. We can conclude that the test was very easy and there are very few weak students who scored low marks and these students can be considered outliers as they are not following the general trend Positive skew: When the right tail of the histogram of the distribution is longer and the majority of the ‘observations are concentrated on the left tail. In this case, we can use also the term “right-skewed" or “right-tailed”. and the median is less than the mean. Positively Skewed Mode Median \Mean Positive direction Ifa test shows, a right-skewed distribution, this means most of the students are low scorers who scored below average and there is a very less number of students who scored very high marks. We can& testbook English (_cetstatea J © Itis the flatness or peakedness of a histogram of a frequency distribution. It shows how peaked the central values are in a distribution of data sets. © Types of Kurtosis: There are 3 types of kurtosis as far as statistics are concerned- © Mesokurti his distribution has the tails often similar to normal distribution. © Leptokurtic: This distribution will be having very long and skinny tails. This means there are more chances of the presence of outliers. © Platykurtic: This distribution will be having very low and stretched around center tails which means most of the data points are present in high proximity with mean. © Below is diagram of kurtosis: ©) Loptoeutie General Fours of (0) Mesokurtie Kurtosis Maral) 2 Phayhario eee Inferential Data Analysis Question 4: What percent of IQ scores lie between 85 and 130 in a normal distribution with a mean of 100 and SD of 15 points? 1. 79.85& testbook English (_cetstatea J 3. 82.85 4, 81.85 Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: 81.85 Infere: Data Analysis Question 4 Detailed Solution Mean: Mean (average) is sum of all quantities divided by number of quantities. Standard deviation: It is used to measure how deviated or dispersed the numbers are with respect to the mean in the same set of data. Percentile Rank: It is a measure to find how many values are below the score. It basically ranks of the score. Z score: Z score is a value calculated through the above formula, used to interpret the percentile of a given score or value. Normal Probability Curve: It is a bell-shaped curve having the highest point at the mean which is symmetrical along the vertical line drawn at the mean. It is used to interpret the percentile or the percentage of no of cases for the respective value of z scores. To find out the percentage of IQ score lie between 85 and 130, we need to calculate the z score Formula: Z = 4) Calculation: Step 1: Mean (%) = 100 Std deviation(o) = 15 Calculate z scores At x=85, Z = (85-100)/15 = At x= 130, Z = (130-100)/15 = 2 Step 2: Calculate the percentile rank& testbook English Vv 34.13% | 34.13% +t 30 -20 -10 Mean 10 20 30 k— 68.26% — ———__ 95.44% ———— ——————__ 99.73% ——— [casinos] From Normal Probability curve, when z score is -1 to 2 = 34.13% + 34.13% +13.59% Percentage of IQ score lies in between 85 and 130 = 81.85% 3 a so (wees | CEES Inferential Data Analysis Question 5: The percentile rank of a student on a test was found to be 67. This means that : 1. the student scored 67% marks. 2. 33% students scored below his score.& testbook English (_cetstatea J 4, 67% students scored below his score. Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4 : 67% students scored below his score. Inferential Data Analysis Question 5 Detailed Solution Normal Distribution is an arrangement of values in which most of the values are in the middle and the rest are symmetrically distributed at the end. This observed in the normal probability curve. Normal Probability Curve is a bell-shaped curve having the highest point at the mean which is symmetrical along the vertical line drawn at the mean, It is used to interpret the percentile or the percentage of no of cases for the respective value of z scores. Terms used to interpret normal probability curve are: Mean: Mean (average) is the sum of all quantities divided by no of quantities. Standard deviation: It is used to measure how deviated or dispersed the numbers are with respect to the mean in the same set of data. Z score: Z score is a value calculated through the above formula, used to interpret percentile of a given score or value, Percentile Rank: It is measured to find how many values are below the score. It basically rank of the score. For e.g. Ifa student is having 85 percentile rank that means 85% of students are below him. In question, itis given the percentile rank of the student on a test was found out to be 67. This means that the student had a test score greater than or equal to 67% of the reference population or we can say the student scored 67% marks. Conversely, 33% of students scored equal to or higher than the individual tested. Ans. Option 4& testbook English (_cetsiatea J Top Inferential Data Analysis MCQ Objective Questions bern Data Analysts Question € ((tevroas ation POF] Ina testing survey of class X students with N = 500, their mean was observed as 80 and standard deviation as 8. Assuming of distribution of their scores, how many students would be below the score of a student getting 887 1171 2. 421 Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: 421 Inferential Data Analysis Question 6 Detailed Solution (Download Sottion POF J We have given, N = 500, M=80 o=8 X = 88 ( » We have to find the number of students below the score of the student getting 88)English v We need to find the standard score (Z-score) ( »® Important Points z-score tells you how many standard deviations you are away from the mean) z score = z score lo We need to locate the value of 1 0 from sigma normal distribution 0.1 0.0 30 20 -160 0 16 20 30 910 = 34.13 =9 50% + 34.13% = 84.13% Required number of students = S413 x 500 100 Required number of students = 421 approx [seis stenror [easwnes& testbook English (_cetsiatea J ° ES cd Google Play Irn ata Analysts Question? ((tevriaa Santen POF] For asymmetrical distribution, two standard deviations (2 0) covers approximately % of items. 1. 68 2. 78 3. 95 498 Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3:95 Inferential Data Analysis Question 7 Detailed Solution (Download Sottion POF ] Normal Probability Curve: Its the bell-shaped curve obtained for a distribution having maximum frequency near the central value of distribution and the frequency gradually tapering off symmetrically on both sides, Note that: © The Normal Curve is symmetrical about the ordinate at the central point of the curve. It is unimodal, the model is always at the central point of the curve. itis asymptotic to the x-axis. The points of influx occur at + 1 0. «The area of the curve between the points of influxation is fixed.& testbook English (_cetsiatea J 2 sun tons — 69% witia —-} Also Note: « The Points of Influx occur at point #1 Standard Deviation (# 4 9): The normal curve changes its direction from convex to concave at a point recognized as point of influx. if we draw the perpendiculars from these two points of an influx of the curve to the horizontal X-axis; touch at a distance one standard deviation unit from above and below the mean (the central point) * The Total Percentage of Area of the Normal Curve within Two Points of Influxation is fixed: Approximately 68% area of the curve lies within the limits of # 1 standard deviation (+ 1 0) unit from the mean * The Total Area under Normal Curve may be also considered a 100 Percent Probability. * The Normal Curve is Bilateral: The 50% area of the curve lies to the left side of the maximum central ordinate and 50% of the area lies to the right side. Hence the curve is bilateral. [Standard deviations l% of cases [Between -3c and +30 [99.7% Between -20 and +20 [95% Between -1o and +10 [68% Hence, we conclude that for symmetrical distribution, two standard deviations (2 ¢) covers approximately 95% of items. [_eamissontontor& testbook English (_cetsiatea J (ees aaa am Irn ata Analysts Question 8 (tenes Santen POF] Given a Mean=100 ; S.D=20 ; and N =100. Which one of the following will be the correct statement for indicating the possibility of population mean at 0.01 level of confidence ? 1. Population mean falls between 93 to 107 2. Population mean falls between 96.08 to 103.9 3. Population mean falls between 97.2 to 102 4, Population mean falls between 94.8 to 105.2 Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4 : Population mean falls between 94.8 to 105.2 Inferential Data Analysis Question 8 Detailed Solution (Download Sotution POF } Mean: Mean (average) is sum of all quantities divided by no of quantities. Standard deviation: It is used to measure how deviated or dispersed the numbers are with respect to the mean in the same set of data. Confidence level: Confidence level means the percentage of the population that we are sure the estimate will fall between the specified range. It is a meaasue of reliability of test They are used in estimating the accuracy level of any data. eg. Confidence level of 95% means 95% of population, we are sure that the estimated value will fal between the upper and lower values. X) is sample mean pl& testbook English (_cetsiatea J Nis sample size 00, since it is given at 0.01% is level of confidence i.e. 100(1-0.01) = 99% confidence level we can say the z value is 2.58 from below table. [2 value for the confidence level (20% 1.28 (90%. 1.645 [95% 1.96 [98% 2.33 [99% 2.58 To find range of population mean Formula: Range for population mean x = (X) + Z Calculation: 2=(X) $25 = (100) +: 2.5820 = 100 =5.16 = 100-5.16 or 100+5.16 = 94.84 or 105.16 = 94.8 or 105.2 appprox teen& testbook English (_cetsiatea J A school principal gave a spelling test to 256 students, The distribution of scores was found to be normal with a mean of 42 and a standard deviation of 8 points. The probability is 0.95 that the mean of the corresponding population would be less than the upper limit of 1. 42.58 2. 42.98 3. 43.29 4, 43.58 Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2:42.98 Inferential Data Analysis Question 9 Detailed Solution (Download Sottion POF ] Significance of mean Standard error of mean: The standard error is a statistical term that measures the accuracy with which a sample distribution represents a population by using standard deviation. In statistics, a sample mean deviates from the actual mean of a population—this deviation is the standard error of the mean. In the question, we have given: * Sample Mean (X) = 42 * Sample Standard deviation (2) = 8 © No. of students (N) = 256 Step 1; Calculate standard error of mean Tag = 8/16 = 1/2 Step 2: locate z-value of 0.95% ( the probability is 0.95) from the z table i.e 1.96& testbook English (_cetsiatea J = 42 + 1.96 x 1/2, 42 + 1.96 x 1/2 = 42 + 0.98, 42 - 0.98 = 42.98, 41.02 it = 42.98 uppe! [seis souenror é a a (ote) CE Ce A test was given to 360 students of Class X and a normal distribution of scores was obtained. The mean of scores was 45 with a standard deviation of 9 points. The percentage of students who scored outside the limits of scores 36 - 54 would be 1. 68 Home > Education > Research in Education Measurement and Analysis of Data > Inferential Data Analysis& testbook English (Ccetsiatea_] Inferential Data Analysis Question 10 Detailed Solution [Download Sotution POF } oO Key Points Normal Probability Curve: It is a bell-shaped curve having highest point at mean which is symmetrical along the vertical line drawn at the mean. itis used to interpret the percentil percentage of no of cases for respective value of z scores. or the Mean: Mean (average) is sum of all quantities divided by no of quantities. Standard deviation: It is used to measure how deviated or dispersed the numbers are with respect to the mean in the same set of data. Percentile Rank: It is a measure to find how many values are below the score. It is basically the rank of the score. Z score: Z score is a value calculated through the above formula, used to interpret percentile of a given score or value. » Important Points Given: n = 360, Mean Score (x) = 45,0 = 9 To find: percentage of students who scored outside the limits of scores 36 ~ 54 Formula: Z = (x-%)/o Calculation: To find out the percentage of students in a limit, we need to calculate z score 1 At x=36, Z = (36-45)/9 At x= 54, Z = (54-45)/9 = 1 < 68.26% Get Free Access to All [cnrnercons now] TIL} Lit -36-26 -16 16 26 36 KY From Normal Probability curve, when z score is -1 to 1, percentage/ percentile rank is =68.26%& testbook Inferential Data Analysis Question 11 een A researcher given two tests- one in English language and another in Mathematics. He/She finds the mean and standard deviation of each of the two groups n = English Mathematics Mean 50 60 {Standard deviation] 10 2 100, as follows: Assuming the curve for the two distributions overlapping, how many students in English language are below the mean of those in Mathematics? 1.34 2. 84& testbook English (_cetsiatea J Option 2: 84 Inferenti Data Analysis Question 11 Det The curve for the two distributions is» browse = Mathematics English. nglish, u=50 1=60 We know that One standard deviation, or one sigma, plotted above or below the average value on that normal distribution curve, would define a region that includes 68 percent of all the data points. Two sigmas above or below would include about 95 percent of the data, and three sigmas would include 99.7 percent. This can be understood by the graph given below: 0.0 0.1 02 03 04 Therefore, the value between the means of English and Mathematics is y+ 10 = 34.1 % = Mathematics English. nglish, u=50 1=60 The number of students in the shaded region given in the above graph Percentage of the shaded eon total number of students (n) = the number of students in the shaded region& testbook English (_cetsatea J We need to find the number of students in the English language below the mean of those in Mathematics ie the portion below the mean of mathematics. 950% + 34 = 50 +34 = 84 Hence 84 students in English language are below the mean of those in Mathematics. (sewers | CEE ea berm Data Analysis Question 12 (tenes Sauter POF] A teacher finds that the distribution of scores for a self made test is positively skewed. What inference he / she should make about the difficulty level of this test? 1. The test is difficult The test is easy The test is moderate difficulty - The test is moderately of low difficulty Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : The test is difficult* Descriptive statistics describe the trend or a feature or a characteristic or phenomena of the data. © This can be normally distributed. * This involves central tendency(mean, median, mode), Spread chart(histogram, bar graphs, etc), Range, variance, ete. * For eg. Average height of grade 9th students in XYZ school Hence, When the nature of the population from which samples is drawn is not known to be normally distributed the data can be analyzed with the help of Non-parametric statistics. Central tendency: Central tendency provides descriptive representation of entire data set which reflects the entire data set. Mean, Mode and median are measures of central tendency. Mean: Mean (average) is the sum of all quantities divided by no of quantities of the data set. Mode: It is the most repeated value in the data set. Median: Median is the middlemost value of the data set. Dispersion: This tells about the scatterings of data around the mean. It gives information about how stretched or squeezed the distribution of data are. Range, std deviation, percentile, etc. are used to measure dispersion. Shape of a probability distribution: 1. In probability theory, Normal Distribution is an arrangement of values in which most of the values are in the middle and the rest are symmetrically distributed at the end. This observed in the normal probability curve. Normal Probability Curve is a bell-shaped curve having the highest point at the mean which is symmetrical along the vertical line drawn at the mean. In this, the mean, median and mode are identical 2. Normal distributions are often observed in nature. Therefore, in natural and social science experiments the random variables are assumed to be normally distributed. 3, The other common shapes are skewness and kurtosis. Skewness: The skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution assuming a unimodal distribution (assuming there is only one peak in the distribution of values) We can say that the skewness indicates how much our underlying distribution deviates from the normal distribution since the normal distribution has skewness 0. Generally, we have three types of skewness. * Symmetrical: When the skewness is close to 0 and the mean is almost the same as the median «Negative skew: When the left tail of the histogram of the distribution is longer and the majority of the observations are concentrated on the right tail. In this case, we can use also the term “left- skewed" or “left-tailed”. and the median is greater than the mean.@ testbook English Vv Frequnecy ———— Negative direction » Important Points * Ifa test shows, a left-skewed distribution, this means most of the students are high scorers who scored above average and there is a very less number of students who scored very low marks. We can conclude that the test was very easy and there are very few weak students who scored low marks and these students can be considered outliers as they are not following the general trend Positive skew: When the right tail of the histogram of the distribution is longer and the majority of the ‘observations are concentrated on the left tail. In this case, we can use also the term “right-skewed" or “right-tailed”. and the median is less than the mean. Positively Skewed Mode Median \Mean Positive direction Ifa test shows, a right-skewed distribution, this means most of the students are low scorers who scored below average and there is a very less number of students who scored very high marks. We can& testbook English (_cetsatea J © Itis the flatness or peakedness of a histogram of a frequency distribution. It shows how peaked the central values are in a distribution of data sets. © Types of Kurtosis: There are 3 types of kurtosis as far as statistics are concerned © Mesokurti his distribution has the tails often similar to normal distribution. © Leptokurtic: This distribution will be having very long and skinny tails. This means there are more chances of the presence of outliers. © Platykurtic: This distribution will be having very low and stretched around center tails which means most of the data points are present in high proximity with mean. © Below is diagram of kurtosis: ©) Loptoeutie General Fours of (0) Mesokurtie Kurtosis Maral) 2 Phayhario & a o (scons | (Ci If the deviation of a score from the mean is given as 10 and standard deviation as 5, what will be the T-score for the concerned raw score ?& testbook English (_cetsatea J Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: 70 Inferential Data Analysi Question 13 Detailed Solution (Download Solution POF } In statistics,we have various types of scores like raw score, t score and z score, A raw score is an original data which has not been transformed or altered. For e.g. the original marks obtained by a student in a test as opposed to that score after changed to a standard score or percentile rank. T-score is a conversion of raw score to the standard score which is based on the mean and standard deviation of mean. For small sample(n<30), t score is calculated and for larger value z score is called, (x8) Z score: Z score is a value calculated through the formula Z used to interpret percentile of a given score or value from normal probability curve. Given: mean deviation(X — X)= 10, std deviation = 5. To find: T- score Formula: T-score = 50 + (z-score) x10 we& testbook English (_cetsatea J =70 Ans. Option 3 [seis stenror a a a (ssswere | CES ees bern Data Analysts Question (Ctevoas sien POF] In a sample distribution with N=300, M=60 and SD=12, the number of cases falling above the score 48 will be : 1. 252 2. 204 3. 184 4 48 Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1: 252 Inferential Data Analysis Question 14 Detailed Solution [Download Sutin POF }& testbook English (_cetsatea J ‘rawn av tne mean, tis usea To interpret tne percentue or tne percentage or no oF cases Tor respective value of z scores Terms used to interpret normal probability curve are: Mean: Mean (average) is sum of all quantities divided by no of quantities. Standard deviation: It is used to measure how deviated or dispersed the numbers are with respect to the mean in the same set of data, Percentile Rank: It is measure to find how many values are below the score. It basically rank of the score. Z score: Z score is a value calculated through the above formula, used to interpret percentile of a given score or value, » Important Points To calcula : the percentile rank Given: score(x) = 48, mean (%) = 60 and standard deviation = 12 Formula: Z = 4) Calculation: Step 1: Calculate z scores (48-60)/12 = Step 2: Calculate the percentile rank: From Normal Probability Curve, the total percentage of cases:& testbook English (_cetsatea J So total percentage of cases till the score 48 = 0.14% + 2.14% + 13.59% ( from the NPC given above) So total percentage of cases till the score 48 = 15.87% Therefore no of cases falling above the score 48 = 100% -15.87% = 84.13% of N (N=300) = no of cases falling above the score 48 = 84,13% of 300 = 252 Answer: No of cases falling above the score 48 = 252 a Ba a Ironia Data Analysis Question (oonroad samion POF] The shape of the curve showing the distribution of percentile rank is& testbook English Vv 2. Rectangular 3. Bimodal 4, Leptokurtic Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2 : Rectangular Inferential Data Analysis Question 15 Detailed Solution The percentile rank * The percentile rank of a score is the percentage of scores in its frequency distribution which are lower. * For example, a test score that is greater than 90% of the scores of people taking the test is said to. be at the 90th percentile. # Percentile ranks are commonly used to clarify the interpretation of scores on standardized tests. * For the test theory, the percentile rank of a raw score is interpreted as the percentages of examinees in the norm group who scored below the score of interest. * The distribution of percentile ranks is uniform and is rectangular in shape. Let's understand the concept with the example given below: Percentile Rank * Normal Distribution Curve— In the norming sample, 50% of examinees score within the 90-110 range of standard scores. In the same sample, 68.26% score between 85 and 115.& testbook English (_cetstatea J © Standard Score (SS}—A standard score would have a mean (average) of 1UU and a standard deviation of 15. Achievement composite scores and Cognitive index, Cluster, and Full-Scale scores are generally quoted as standard scores. Therefore, a child with a cognitive score of 100 would be at the 50th percentile; a score of 85 would be at the 16th percentile; a score of 115 would be at the 84th * Percentile Rank—The percentile rank shows how one examinee’s score relates to others in the norming sample. For instance, a child who scored at the 47th percentile would have a score that is greater than or equal to 47% of other children in the norming sample, and the score would be less than 53% of other students. * Standard Deviation—Standard deviation (SD) refers to how far the data is spread from the mean (gray line in the above picture.) For example, one standard deviation on either side of the mean will account for about 68% of the scores. Hence, the shape of the curve showing the distribution of percentile ranks is rectangular. Additional Normal distribution: formation Normal Distribution Mesokurtic Curve —_Leptokurtic Curve __Platykurtic Curve Bimodal distribution: A(x) Mode Mode x& testbook English (_cetsatea J a a a [casinos art [eee Google Play on ° Related MCQ Types of Measurement Scale MCQ Errors in measurement MCQ. Testing of Hypothesis MCQ Methods in Statistics MCQ Use and interpretation of Statistical Techniques MCQ Qualitative Data Analysis MCQ& testbook uppcs AFCAT SSC GD Constable SSCJE IBPs PO SBI PO UPSC EPFO. SBI Clerk UGC CSIR NET UPSC NDA SSC. 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