Chapter 1 - Real Numbers

Natural
N ={ 1, 2,3,4,5 … }
Numbers
Whole
W={ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5… }
Numbers
Rational Those numbers which can be presented in the form of a/b
Numbers are called Rational Numbers.
Real
Real Numbers can be found on a number line
Numbers
LCM (P, Q, P.Q.R.H.C.F(P, Q, R) / [HCF ( P, Q) . HCF( Q, R) . HCF
R) ( P, R)]
P.Q.R.L.C.M(P, Q, R) / [LCM ( P, Q) . LCM ( Q, R) .
HCF (P, Q, R) LCM ( P, R)]

Chapter 2 - Polynomials

1. (a+b)2 = a2+2ab+b2
2. (a−b)2=a2−2ab+b2
3. (x+a)(x+b) = x2+(a+b)x+ab
4. a2−b2 = (a+b)(a−b)
5. a3−b3 = (a−b)(a2+ab+b2)
6. a3+b3 = (a+b)(a2−ab+b2)
7. (a+b)3 = a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3
8. (a−b)3 = a3−3a2b+3ab2−b3
Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

 Linear equation in one variable: ax +b =0, a≠0 and a&b are real
numbers
 Linear equation in two variables: ax+ by+ c =0 , a≠0 & b≠0 and
a,b & c are real numbers
 Linear equation in three variables: ax+ by+ cz= 0, a≠0 , b≠0, c≠0
and a,b,c,d are real numbers
 a1x+b1y+c1=0
 a2x+b2y+c2=0

Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations

x = (α, β) = [-b ± √(b2 – 4ac)]/2a provided b2 – 4ac >= 0

A quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has

(i) two distinct real roots, if b2 – 4ac > 0,

(ii) two equal roots (i.e., coincident roots), if b2 – 4ac = 0, and

(iii) no real roots, if b2 – 4ac < 0

Chapter 5 - Arithmetic Progressions

The nth term of AP = nth term = a + (n-1) d

Sum of n terms in AP = Sn = n/2[2a + (n − 1) × d]

Sum of all terms in AP with the last term ‘l’ = n/2(a + l)

Chapter 6 - Triangles

Here,

A = Area of Triangle

B = Base of Triangle

H = Height of a Triangle

Area of Triangle = A = ½ (b × h) square units

Area of an Isosceles Triangle = 1/4 b√(4a2 – b2)

Area of a Right Triangle = A = 1/2 × Base × Height

Area of an Equilateral Triangle = A = (√3)/4 × side2

Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry

 Distance Formula to find distance between two points P(x1,y1) and

Q(x2,y2) is = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 ]
 Distance of a point P(x, y) from the origin is = √x2 + y2
 The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment
joining the points A(x1 , y1 ) and B(x2 , y2 ) internally in the ratio
m1 : m2 = Section Formula = ((m1x2 + m2x1)/m1+ m2 , (m1y2 +
m2y1)/m1+ m2)
 The mid-point of the line segment joining the points P(x1, y1) and
Q(x2, y2 ) = [(x1+x2/2), (y1+y2/2)
Chapter 8 - Introduction to Trigonometry

Chapter 9 - Some Applications of Trigonometry

 sin(90°– θ) = cos θ
 cos(90°– θ) = sin θ
 tan(90°– θ) = cot θ
 cot(90°– θ) = tan θ
 sec(90°– θ) = cosecθ
 cosec(90°– θ) = secθ
Chapter 10 - Circles

When r = radius of the circle,

 Circumference of the circle = 2 π r

 Area of the circle = π r2
 Area of a sector of a circle with radius r and angle with degree
measure θ = (θ/360) × π r2
 Length of an arc of a sector of a circle with radius r and angle with
degree measure θ = (θ/360) × 2 π r

Chapter 11 - Areas Related to Circles

Area of segment of a circle = Area of the corresponding sector – Area of

the corresponding triangle.

Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes

CUBOID

 Surface Area of a cuboid of length (l), breadth (b), and height (h) =
2 (lb + bh + lh)
 Lateral Surface Area of cuboid = 2 (l + b)h

CUBE

 Surface Area of a cube = 6 ✕ l2 where l is the length

 Lateral Surface Area of cube = 4 ✕ l2, where l is the length
 Volume of cube = l2

CYLINDER

 Total Surface Area of a Cylinder = 2πr (h+r)

 Lateral Surface Area of a Cylinder = 2πrh
 Volume of Cylinder = πr2 h

CONE

 Lateral Surface Area of Cone = πrL

 Total surface area of cone = πr ( L+ r)
 Volume of Cone = ⅓ (πr2 h)
 Volume of a frustum of a cone = 1/3 πh(r₁2 + r₂2 + r₁r₂)

SPHERE

 Surface Area of Sphere= 4 πr2

 Volume of Sphere = 4/3 (πr3)
Chapter 13 - Statistics

The mean for grouped data can be found by: l + (n/2-cf/f) × h.

Chapter 14 - Probability
 1. The theoretical (classical) probability of an event E, written as
P(E), is defined as

P (E) = Number of outcomes favourable to E / Number of all possible

outcomes of the experiment, where we assume that the outcomes of the
experiment are equally likely

1. The probability of a sure event (or certain event) is 1

2. The probability of an impossible event is 0
3. The probability of an event E is a number P(E) such that 0≤ PE≤ 1