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CGM Solved Papers

The document contains 10 questions about computer graphics topics like resolution, applications of computer graphics, random and raster scan systems, filling algorithms, homogeneous coordinates, DDA algorithm, composite transformations, color models, morphing, and ray tracing. The answers provide details about each topic.

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Tasleem Mansuri
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37 views4 pages

CGM Solved Papers

The document contains 10 questions about computer graphics topics like resolution, applications of computer graphics, random and raster scan systems, filling algorithms, homogeneous coordinates, DDA algorithm, composite transformations, color models, morphing, and ray tracing. The answers provide details about each topic.

Uploaded by

Tasleem Mansuri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PART-A

All questions are compulsory


Q.1 What is resolution?

ANS- Resolution indicates the number of pixels that are displayed per inch for an image (or pixels per
centimeter). Most computer monitors display at resolutions of 72 pixels per inch or 96 pixels per
inch.

Q.2 Write applications of computer graphics.

ANS- Some of the applications of computer graphics are:


1.Computer Art
2.Computer Aided Drawing
3.Presentation Graphics
4.Entertainment
5.Education
6.Training
7.VisualisationImage Processing
8.Machine Drawing
9.Graphical User Interface
Q.3 Differentiate random and raster scan system.
ANS- Random Scan-
The random scan is a technique in which the display is constructed through an electron beam, which
is directed only to the specific areas of the screen where the image is to be sketched or drawn.
Raster Scan-
A rectangular pattern of image capture in television is known as a raster scan. It is one of the most
popular and standard types of graphics monitors which operates CRT.
Q.4 what is inside-outside test in filling algorithm?
ANS- This method is also known as counting number method. While filling an object, we often need
to identify whether particular point is inside the object or outside it. There are two methods by
which we can identify whether particular point is inside an object or outside.
Q.5 What are homogeneous coordinates?
ANS- In homogeneous coordinate system, two-dimensional coordinate positions (x, y) are
represented by triple-coordinates. Homogeneous coordinates are generally used in design and
construction applications. Here we perform translations, rotations, scaling to fit the picture into
proper position.
Q.6 Write advantages and disadvantages of DDA algorithm.
ANS- The advantages of DDA Algorithm are-
 It is a simple algorithm.
 It is easy to implement.
 It avoids using the multiplication operation which is costly in terms of time complexity.

The disadvantages of DDA Algorithm are-

 There is an extra overhead of using round off( ) function.


 Using round off( ) function increases time complexity of the algorithm.
 Resulted lines are not smooth because of round off( ) function.
 The points generated by this algorithm are not accurate.
Q.7 What do you mean by composite transformations?
ANS- A composite transformation is when two or more transformations are performed on a figure
(called the preimage) to produce a new figure (called the image). Example A. Describe the
transformations in the diagram below. The transformations involve a reflection and a rotation.
Q.8 Compare RGB colour model with CMY colour model.
ANS- The fundamental difference between RGB and CMYK colour modes is that the number of
channels contained by RGB is three. On the contrary, the CMYK model has four component colours.
The RGB expands to Red, Green and Blue while CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow) are the complements
of the red, green and blue.

Q.9 What is morphing?


ANS- Morphing is an effect which sees one shape or object transform into another in a seamless
transition. There are different approaches, but the fundamental meaning of morphing remains
the same.
Q.10 What is ray tracing? Give an example.
ANS- Ray tracing is a rendering technique that can realistically simulate the lighting of a scene and its
objects by rendering physically accurate reflections, refractions, shadows, and indirect lighting.

PART-B
Q.1 Scan convert a straight line using DDA algorithm, where end points of line are (5,10) and (15,35).
ANS- Given-
 Starting coordinates = (X0, Y0) = (5,10)
 Ending coordinates = (Xn, Yn) = (15,35)

Step-01:

Calculate ΔX, ΔY and M from the given input.

 ΔX = Xn – X0 = 15 – 5 = 10
 ΔY =Yn – Y0 = 35 – 10 = 25
 M = ΔY / ΔX = 25 / 10 = 2.5
Step-02:

Calculate the number of steps.

As |ΔX| < |ΔY| = 10 < 25, so number of steps ΔY = 25

Step-03:

As M > 1, so case-03 is satisfied.

Now, Step-03 is executed until Step-04 is satisfied.

Xp Yp Xp+1 Yp+1 Round off (Xp+1, Yp+1)

5 10 5.5 11 (6,11)

6 12 (6,12)

6.5 13 (7,13)

7 14 (7,14)

7.5 15 (8,15)

8 16 (8,16)

8.5 18 (9,18)

9 19 (9, 19)

9.5 20 (10, 20)

10 21 (10,21)
10.5 22 (11,22)

11 23 (11,23)

11.5 24 (12,24)

12 25 (12,25)

12.5 26 (13,26)

13 27 (13,27)

13.5 28 (14,28)

14 29 (14,29)

14.5 30 (15,30)

15 31 (15,31)

15.5 32 (16,32)

16 33 (16,33)

16.5 34 (17,34)

17 35 (17,35)

17.5 36 (18,36)

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