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3

(ii) In an area affected by air pollution, the surface of the leaf becomes covered with particles.

These particles reduce the amount of light entering the leaf and may block all pores of
the type labelled C.

Explain how this will affect the production of starch by the plant.

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© UCLES 2021 5090/22/O/N/21 [Turn over


2

Section A

Answer all questions in this section.

Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1 The diagram shows a photomicrograph of the lower surface of a leaf.

C
B

(a) (i) Name each of the parts labelled A to C.

cell A ..........................................

cell B ..........................................

pore C ..........................................
[3]

© UCLES 2021 5090/22/O/N/21


3

Section A

Answer all questions in this section.

Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1 The diagram shows a root hair cell from a lemon tree and some soil particles.

root hair cell


air spaces

soil particle

(a) (i) State one feature, visible in the diagram, which shows that a root hair cell is a plant cell.

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(ii) Describe how mineral ions pass from the soil into the root hair cell.

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(b) The lemon tree has grown in the same soil for many years so the soil now lacks magnesium.

Describe and explain the effect on the lemon tree of a lack of magnesium.

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[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2021 5090/21/M/J/21 [Turn over

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