Advanced Mathematics 1 Mock Examination

PRESIDENT’S OFFICE.
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT COAST REGION

REGIONAL FORM SIX MOCK EXAMINATION DECEMBER 2020

Advanced Mathematics 1 Proposed Marking Scheme Thursday December 3, 2020 a.m

INSTRUCTIONS TO EXAMINERS:

1. This is not a final marking scheme, it is therefore, expected that during panel discussion of the
questions, alternative solutions will arise and be included in this scheme in order to cover all
candidates’ responses.

2. After standardizing this marking scheme, it is urged that every examiner understands and applies
it in the same correct way. However, after writing a standardized mark scheme, markers may
encounter unusual answers that have not been earlier discussed, they are required to refer these
type of solutions to a panel chairperson in order to be included in a final marking scheme.

1. (a) Numerical values of two variables θ and t are approximately related by the equation θ − α =
βet . The experimental result is shown in Table 1 below
Table 1
t 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.4 2.0
θ 5.7867 θ1 θ2 θ3 20.7115
With the aid of your non programmable scientific calculator, find the numerical values of
(i) α and β correct to one decimal place.

α = 1.5 (01 marks)

β = 2.6 (01 marks)

(ii) θ1 , θ2 and θ3 using values of α and β obtained in 1.(a)(i) above correct to four (4) decimal
places.

θ1 = 7.2864 (01 marks)

θ2 = 8.5675 (01 marks)
θ3 = 12.0435 (01 marks)

(b) By using a non programmable scientific calculator: evaluate loge (e4 + 2 ln 5) + log 5 (Give
your answer correct to six decimal places).
Solution

loge (e4 + 2 ln 5) + log 5 = 4.756253 (03 marks)

q 
(c) Given a function defined by g(x) = e−x + log10 1−x
1+x
. Use your non programmable
scientific calculator to find:

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(i) f (log 5) correct to five (5) decimal places.

Solution:
s 
1 − log 5 
g(log 5) = e− log 5 + log10  = 0.12131 (01 mark)
1 + log 5

(ii) f (sinh(0.7)) correct to five (5) decimal places.

Solution:
s 
1 − sinh(0.7) 
g(sinh(0.7)) = e− sinh(0.7) + log10  = 0.03713 (01 mark)
1 + sinh(0.7)

1 + tanh x
2. (a) Simplify the expression and leave your correct answer in exponential form.
1 − tanh x
Solution Using the definition of tanh x in exponential form, we obtain
 2x 
e −1
1 + tanh x 1 + e2x +1
=   (1 mark)
1 − tanh x 2x
1 − e −1 e2x +1

1 + tanh x e + 1 + e2x − 1
2x
= 2x (1 mark)
1 − tanh x e + 1 − e2x + 1
1 + tanh x 2e2x
= (1 mark)
1 − tanh x 2
1 + tanh x
∴ = e2x (1 mark)
1 − tanh x
Z 2
coth 2xdx can be solved and written as a1 ln e2 + 1


(b) Show that e2
, where a is a constant.
1
Solution
Z 2 Z 2
cosh 2x
coth 2xdx = dx (0 12 marks)
1 1 sinh 2x
Z 2 2
1
coth 2xdx = ln sinh 2x (0 12 marks)
1 2 1
Z 2  
1 sinh 4
coth 2xdx = ln (0 21 marks)
1 2 sinh 2
Z 2 !
1 e4 − e−4
coth 2xdx = ln (0 12 marks)
1 2 e2 − e−2
Z 2
1
coth 2xdx = ln(e2 + e−2 ) ∵ a2 − b2 = (a − b)(a + b) (0 12 marks)
2
Z1 2  
1 2 1
∴ coth 2xdx = ln e + 2 (0 12 marks)
1 2 e

(c) If x = ln(sec θ + tan θ), show that sec θ = cosh x.

Solution Writing the given information in exponential form we have

ex = sec θ + tan θ (0 21 marks)

1
e−x = (0 12 marks)
sec θ + tan θ

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1
ex + e−x = (sec θ + tan θ) + (0 12 marks)
sec θ + tan θ
sec θ + 2 sec θ tan θ + tan2 θ + 1
2
ex + e−x = (0 12 marks)
sec θ + tan θ
2 sec θ(sec θ + tan θ)
ex + e−x = ∵ sec2 θ = 1 + tan2 θ (0 21 marks)
sec θ + tan θ
ex + e−x
= cosh x = sec θ as required (0 12 marks)
2

3. (a) The company has two forests where can process charcoal in terms of tons. Kisarawe and
Bagamoyo are destinations that can produce 50 tons and 30 tons of charcoal respectively.
The company planned to supply at three wards W1 , W2 and W3 whose requirements are 35
tons, 20 tons and 25 tons respectively. The transportation cost from Kisarawe to W1 , W2 and
W3 are 7,000/=, 6,000/= and 3,000/= respectively, while from Bagamoyo are 3,000/, 4,000/=
and 2,000/=. If the objective function is given by f (x, y) = Ax + By − C. Determine the
value of C.
Solution
Table 2:
From To Capacity
W1 (35) W2 (20) W3 (25)
Kisarawe x y 50 − (x + y) 50
Bagamoyo 35 − x 20 − y (x + y) − 25 30

Minimize f (x, y) = 3, 000x − 1, 000y − (−285, 000) (01 marks)

∴ C = −285, 000 (01 marks)

(b) A factory located at Pwani region manufacturers two types of screws, A and B such that
each type requires the use of two machines, an automatic and a hand operated. It takes
four minutes on the automatics and 6 minutes on a hand operated machine to manufacture
a package of screws A, while it takes 8 minutes on an automatic and 6 minutes on the hand
operated machines to manufacture a package of screws B. Each machine is available for at
most eight hours on any day. The manufacturer can sella package of screws A at a profit of
7,000/= and screws B at a profit of 10,000/=
(i) How many packages of each type should factory owner produce in a day in order to
make the most profit?
Solution Let x, y represent number of packages of types A, B
respectively. (01 mark)
Table 3
Types A B Available time
Automatic 4 8 480
Hand operated 6 6 480
Profit 7000 10000

Maximize f (x, y) = 7, 000x + 10, 000y (00 21 marks)

Subject to x + 2y ≤ 120 (00 12 marks)
x + y ≥ 80 (00 21 marks)
x ≥ 120 (00 12 marks)
x, y ≥ 0

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(02 marks)
Figure 1
Table 4
Corner point f (x, y) = 7, 000x + 10, 000y
A(0, 0) 7, 000(0) + 10, 000(0) 0
B(80, 0) 7, 000(80) + 10, 000(0) 560,000 (02 marks)
C(40, 40) 7, 000(40) + 10, 000(40) 680,000
D(0, 60) 7, 000(0) + 10, 000(60) 600,000
There should be 40 packages of type A and 40 packages of type B
screws. (0 21 marks)
(ii) Determine the maximum profit.
Solution: The maximum profit is 680,000/= (0 12 marks)
4. (a) The ages of the primary pupils were 6,7,10,12,13,4,8 and 12.
(i) Find the mean age of the students.
Solution
P
x
x= (00 12 marks)
n
6 + 7 + 10 + 12 + 13 + 4 + 8 + 12 72
x= = =9 (00 12 marks)
8 8
(ii) Determine the variance among the pupils age.
Solution:
Table 5:
Ages x x − x (x − x)2
6 -3 9
7 -2 4
10 1 1
12 3 9
(01 marks)
13 4 16
4 -5 25
8 -1 1
12 -3 9
(x − x)2 = 74
P

(x − x)2
P
Variance = (00 12 marks)
n
74
Variance = = 9.25 (00 12 marks)
8
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Advanced Mathematics 1 Mock Examination

(b) Table shows length of timbers collected by the business woman from the forest.
Table 6
Length 1 - 10 11 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 50
No. of timbers 8 14 12 9 9
Find the interquartile range of the timbers length.
Solution:
!
N
− f b
Q1 = L1 + 4 c (00 12 marks)
fQ1
!
52
− 8
Q1 = 10.5 + 4 × 10 (00 12 marks)
14
Q1 = 14.0714 (00 12 marks)
!
3N
− fb
Q3 = L1 + 4
c (00 12 marks)
fQ1
!
3×52
− 34
Q3 = 30.5 + 4
× 10 (00 12 marks)
9
Q3 = 36.0556 (00 12 marks)
IQR = Q3 − Q1 = 36.0556 − 14.0714 ≈ 21.9842 (00 21 marks)

(c) The mean and variance of the 7 observations are 8 and 16 respectively. If five of the obser-
vations are given as follows 2, 4, 10, 12 and 14. Find the remaining two observation.
Solution: let x, y denote the remaining two numbers.
P
x
x=
n
2 + 4 + 10 + 12 + 14 + x + y
8= (00 12 marks)
7
x + y = 14 (i) (00 12 marks)
P 2
x
σ2 = − x2
n
22 + 42 + 102 + 122 + 142 + x2 + y 2
16 = − 64 (00 12 marks)
7
x2 + y 2 = 100 (ii) (00 12 marks)
x2 − 14x + 48 = 0 by solving (i) and (ii) (00 12 marks)
x = 6 or x = 8 inserting these values into (i) y = 8or y = 6
∴ two values are 6 and 8 (01 mark)

5. (a) Use the appropriate laws of set to simplify

(i) (X c ∪ Y c ) ∩ (X ∩ Y ).
Solution

(X c ∪ Y c ) ∩ (X ∩ Y ) = (X ∩ Y )c ∩ (X ∩ Y ) De Morgan law (00 21 marks)

=∅ Complement law (00 12 marks)

(ii) [A ∩ (B ∩ C)] ∪ [Ac ∩ ()B ∩ C)] ∪ (B c ∪ C c ).

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Solution

[A ∩ (B ∩ C)] ∪ [Ac ∩ (B ∩ C)] ∪ (B c ∪ C c ) Given

(B ∩ C) ∩ (A ∪ Ac ) ∪ (B c ∪ C c ) Distributive law (1 mark)
[(B ∩ C) ∩ U] ∪ (B c ∪ C c ) Complement law (00 12 marks)
[(B ∩ C) ∩ U] ∪ (B ∩ C)c De Morgan law (00 12 marks)
(B ∩ C) ∪ (B ∩ C)c Identity law (00 21 marks)
U Complement law (00 12 marks)

(b) A certain social work wanted to start a business with a loan from National Microfinance Bank
(NMB) situated at Bagamoyo district. At the bank he was given three options about different
loan ranges with regard to their customers salary scales in Tanzanian shillings. In salary scale
C the loan from 10 millions to 15 millions, D from 15 millions to 20 millions and E bigger
than 20 millions. Obtain the solution set for scale amount which is belonging to neither C
nor D.
Solution:

(02 marks)
Figure 2: @ correct line (00 12 marks)
Scale belongs to neither C nor D is loan of less than 10 million or greater than 20 million
shillings. (01 mark)
(c) Each student is a class of 40 students study at least one of the following subjects, English,
Mathematics and Economics. 16 study English, 22 Economics and 26 Mathematics, 5 study
English and Economics, 14 mathematics and Economics and 2 for both English, Economics
and Mathematics. Find the number of students who study English and Mathematics but not
Economics.
Solution Let x represent number of students who take Mathematics and English

(01 mark)
Figure 3

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From Venn diagram above, we have

14 − x + x − 2 + 2 + 12 + 5 + 3 + 13 − x = 40 (00 12 marks)
x=7 (00 12 marks)
Now n(English and Mathematics, but not Economics) = 7 − 2 = 5 (01 mark)

Alternative: However, another candidate may approach this question by using formula

n(M ∩ Ec ∩ E) = n(M ) + n(Ec) + n(E) − n(Ec ∩ E) − n(Ec ∩ M ) − n(M ∩ E)

+ n(Ec ∩ E ∩ M ) (00 12 marks)
40 = 26 + 22 + 16 − 5 − n(Ec ∩ M ) − 14 + 2 (00 12 marks)
n(Ec ∩ M ) = 7 (01 mark)
c
n(E ∩ M ∩ Ec ) = n(E ∩ M ) − n(Ec ∩ E ∩ M ) (00 21 marks)
n(E ∩ M ∩ Ecc ) = 7 − 2 = 5 (00 12 marks)

x2 − 4
6. (a) Mr. Joe gave Students A and B assignment to draw graphs of g(x) = , x 6= −2 and
x+2
f (x) = x − 2, x ∈ < respectively. The two graphs were drawn as shown in Figures 4 and 5
below:

Figure 4: Graph for g(x) Figure 5: Graph for f (x)

(i) Study the two figures carefully and tell who was wrong between students A and B?
Solution: Student A was wrong because he/she did not show a hole. (01 mark)
(ii) Sketch the correct graph and state its range.
Solution A correct graph has a hole at x = −2 and its corresponding y value is

y = x − 2 where x = −2
y = −4
∴ a hole is (−2, −4) (01 mark)

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(01 marks)
Figure 6:

Range is = {y ∈ < : y 6= −4} (01 mark)

(b) A certain function f is defined to be equal to a variable x, another function g is a reciprocal

of function f . The sum of the two functions forms a new function N . Find
(i) N (N (x)).
Solution:
1
Let f (x) = x and g(x) =
x
1
N (x) = x + (00 12 marks)
x
1 x
N (N (x)) = x + + 2 (00 12 marks)
x x +1
(ii) N (N (2−1 )).
Solution:
1 x
N (N (x)) = x + + 2
x x +1
1
−1 1
N (N (2 )) = + 2 +
2 (00 12 marks)
2 1 2
2
+ 1
29
N (N (2−1 )) = = 2.9 (00 12 marks)
10
(c) Figure 7 below shows the curve with equation y = f (x) which has a turning point at A(1, −2)
and crosses the y-axis at the point (0, 5). Find equation of the function f (x).

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Figure 7
Solution Turning point is the translation factor, thus

f (x) = k(x − a)2 + b (01 mark)

f (x) = k(x − 1)2 − 2 (01 mark)
5 = k(0 − 1)2 − 2 (01 mark)
k = −3, substituting back k
∴ f (x) = −3(x − 1)2 − 2 =⇒ −3x2 + 6x − 5 (01 mark)

Alternatively: We may use a turning point formula as follows

b
x=−
2a
b
1=− (00 12 marks)
2a
b = −2a (00 12 marks)
4ac − b2
Also y = (00 12 marks)
4a
4a(c − a)
−2 = (00 12 marks)
4a
−2 = −5 − a (00 12 marks)
a = −3, b = 6, and c = −5 (01 mark)
∴ f (x) = −3x2 + 6x − 5 (00 12 marks)

7. (a) (i) Define the term error as used in numerical approximation.

Solution: An error is the deviation of measurement from the exact value. Using symbols,
if x is an exact value and x1 is measured value, then mathematical error denoted by δx
is defined by δx = x − x1 . (01 marks)
(ii) A student measured the amount of water in graduated cylinder and reported the value of
24 ml. The teacher’s actual measurement was 24.2 ml. Calculate the percentage error
made by the students.

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Solution: Let x = 24, x1 = 24.2, then

|δx|
Percentage error = × 100% (00 12 marks)
x
|24.2 − 24|
Percentage error = × 100% = 0.83% (00 12 marks)
24.2
(b) Assume that y is a reciprocal of a number x, where y is a variable and x is a constant value.
(i) Prove by using Newton’s Raphson formula that for n iterations, the formula for recipro-
cal of a number is given by yn+1 = yn (2 − xyn ).
Solution: Let y = x1 and since x is a constant then
1
f (y) = −x (00 12 marks)
y
0 1
f (y) = − 2 (00 12 marks)
y
f (y)
But yn+1 = yn − 0
f (y)
1
yn
−x
yn+1 = yn − (00 12 marks)
− y12
n

yn+1 = yn (2 − xyn ) (00 21 marks)

1
(ii) By using the stated formula in 7.(b) (i) above, find 123
correct to two significant figures,
where y0 = 0.01.
Solution
1st iteration y1 = 0.01(2 − 123(0.01)) = 0.0077 (00 12 marks)
2nd iteration y2 = 0.077(2 − 123(0.0077)) = 0.00810733 (00 12 marks)
3rd iteration y3 = 0.00810733(2 − 123(0.00810733)) = 0.008100176 (00 12 marks)
= 0.0081 (00 12 marks)
(c) The distance covered by rocket during spraying pesticide
! on a certain cotton farm (t in hours)
Z 3  
4
is given by X = 2 ln − 0.25t dt. Use Simpson’s rule (formula) to ap-
0 2 − 0.4t
proximate the value of X correct to four (4) decimal places. (Use 7 ordinates).
Solution:
b−a 3−0
h= = = 0.5 (00 12 marks)
n 6
Table 7
t 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
(01 marks)
X(t) 1.38629 1.4720 1.5826 1.72464 1.90795 2.14759 2.4688

h
X(t) = = [y0 + y6 + 4(y1 + y3 + y5 ) + 2(y2 + y4 )] (00 21 marks)
3
0.5
X(t) = [3.85517 + 4(5.34423) + 2(3.49055)] (01 mark)
3
X(t) ≈ 5.3689 (01 mark)

8. Figure 8 below shows

√ √two intersecting circles C2 and C1 with centers S2 (1, 0), S1 (−2, −3)
a sketch of
and radii R2 = 2 and R1 = 4 2 respectively.

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Figure 8: Touching circles

(a) Express the equation of C1 in the form x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2f y + c = 0.

Solution
√
(x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = (4 2)2 (1 mark)
x2 + 4x + 4 + y 2 + 6y + 9 − 32 = 0
x2 + y 2 + 4x + 6y − 19 = 0 (1 mark)

(b) Find the coordinates of A, the point of contact between C1 and C2 .

Solution: If S1 (−2, −3), S2 (1, 0), A(x, y) then we find the ratio and apply external ratio
theorem
√
m 4 2 4
= √ = (00 12 marks)
n 2 1
 
nx1 − mx2 ny1 − my2
A(x, y) = , (00 12 marks)
n−m n−m
 
1(−2) − 4(1) 1(−3) − 4(0)
A(x, y) = , (00 12 marks)
1−4 1−4
A(x, y) = (2, 1) which is a contact point (00 12 marks)

(c) A line T from a point R(6, −4) passes through point A

(i) Find the equation of line RA.
Solution: Slope of RA, given R(6, −4) and A(2, 1) is

∆y
m= (00 12 marks)
∆x
1 − (−4) 5
m= =− (00 12 marks)
2−6 4
5
Now equation of RA is given by y − 1 = − (x − 2) (00 12 marks)
4
4y + 5x − 14 = 0 (00 12 marks)

(ii) Find the distance between R and A.

Solution: We use distance formula between two points, A(2, 1) and R(6, −4)
p
|RA| = (x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2 (1 mark)
p √
|RA| = (6 − 2)2 + (−4 − 1)2 = 41 units (1 mark)

(d) Find the area of a triangle RAS2 .

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Solution: Recalling A(2, 1), R(6, −4) and S2 (1, 0) are the vertices of triangle RAS2 . Then
the area is calculated as follows

x y 1
1 1 1
A = x2 y2 1 (00 12 marks)
2
x3 y3 1

2 1 1
1
A= 6 −4 1 (00 12 marks)
2
1 0 1
1
A = | − 8 − 5 + 4| (00 21 marks)
2
A = 4 · 5sq units (00 12 marks)
Alternatively: Another candidate may wish to solve using distance formula as follows
1 √ p
A = × 2 × (6 − 2)2 + (−4 − 1)2 (1 mark)
2
1 √ √
A = × 2 × 41 ≈ 4 · 5 sq units (1 mark)
2
Z π
4 a√
9. (a) Evaluate cos3 xdx, leaving your answer in the form 2.
0 b
Solution:
Z π Z π Z π
4 4 4
3
cos xdx = cos xdx − sin2 x cos xdx (00 12 marks)
0 0 0
π π
Z 3
4 sin x 4
cos3 xdx = sin x − (00 12 marks)
0 3 0
π
! !
3 π
sin 4 sin3 0
Z
4 π
cos3 xdx = sin − − sin 0 − (00 12 marks)
0 4 3 3
π
5√
Z
4
cos3 xdx = 2 (00 12 marks)
0 12

x3
Z
(b) Find the integral dx.
x+2
Solution:
x2 − 2x + 4 (01 marks)

3
x+2 x
− x3 − 2x2
− 2x2
2x2 + 4x
4x
− 4x − 8
−8

x3
Z Z  
2 8
dx = x − 2x + 4 − dx (01 mark)
x+2 x+2
x3 x3
Z
dx = − x2 + 2x2 − 8 ln(x + 2) (01 mark)
x+2 3

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(c) Figure shows a circle drawn inside a rectangular iron sheet. The distance from the origin is
2 meters. If 0.5 litres of grey color is painted to cover 4 square meters. How many liters
required to paint the two third of the whole surface area (round surface)?

Figure 9:
Solution: We need first to find total area of a circle

x2 + y 2 = 4 (00 12 marks)
Z 2 √
A=2 4 − x2 dx (00 12 marks)
−2
Let x = 2 sin u dx = 2 cos udu (00 12 marks)
Z p
A=2 4 − 4 sin2 u × 2 cos udu (00 12 marks)
Z
A = 8 cos2 udu (00 12 marks)
 
u 1
A=8 + × 2 cos u sin u (00 12 marks)
2 4
√ !
2
1 −1 x x 4 − x2
A=8 sin + (00 12 marks)
2 2 8 −2
   
1 −1 2 1 −1 −2
A=8 sin +0 − sin + 0 = 4π sq units
2 2 2 2
(00 12 marks)

If 0.5 liters = 4 sq units

8
x = π sq units
3
0.5 liters × 83 π sq units
x= (00 12 marks)
4 sq units
1
x = liters (00 12 marks)
3
 
3x
10. (a) By writing θ = tan−1 as 2 tan θ = 3x, use implicit differentiation to show that
2
dθ p
= , where p is an integer.
dx 4 + 9x2

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Solution

2 tan θ = 3x
2 sec2 θdθ = 3dx (00 12 marks)
dθ 3
= (00 12 marks)
dx 2(sec2 θ)
dθ 3
= (00 12 marks)
dx 2(1 + tan2 θ)
dθ 3
=   (00 12 marks)
dx 2 1 + 9x4
2

dθ 6
= (00 12 marks)
dx 4 + 9x2

(b) A curve is defined by the parametric equations x = cos 2t, y = sin t. The point P on the
π
curve is where t = . Find the gradient at P .
6
Solution
dx
= −2 sin 2t (00 12 marks)
dt
dy
= cos t (00 12 marks)
dt
dy dy dt
= × (00 12 marks)
dx dt dx
dy cos t
= (00 12 marks)
dx −2 sin 2t
dy cos t
= (00 12 marks)
dx −4 sin t cos t
dy 1
= (00 12 marks)
dx −4 sin t
dy 1 1
= π

=− (00 12 marks)
dx −4 sin 6 2

(c) Figure 10 shows a curve y = x3 − 2x2 − 4x + p, where p is a constant. The curve has a
minimum point on the x axis.

Figure 10: Polynomial curve

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(i) Find coordinates of the minimum point.

Solution:
dy
= 3x2 − 4x − 4 (00 12 marks)
dx
dy
3x2 − 4x − 4 = 0 ∵ = 0 at optimum (00 12 marks)
dx
2 2
Eitherx = − or x = 2 but x = − is rejected (01 mark)
3 3
∴ minimum turning point is (2, 0) (01 mark)

(ii) Hence, find the constant p.

Solution: The point (2, 0) is on the curve, y = x3 − 2x2 − 4x + p so that

23 − 2(2)2 − 4(2) + p = 0 (00 21 marks)

p=8 (00 12 marks)

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