CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design
The research design of this study is descriptive. Descriptive research is the
research design in which data is collected in a qualitative manner and analyzed
using quantitative procedures (Nassaji, 2015). Descriptive research refers to the
scientific methodology in which observation of the sampled population is
carried out in its natural surrounding. In the procedure of data collecting, the
researcher use combination of quantitative and qualiative named mixed method
approach.
Creswell and Plano Clark (2011) define mixed-methods research as those
studies that include at least one quantitative strand and one qualitative strand.
A strand is a component of a study that ecompasses the basic process of
conducting quantitative or qualitative research: posing a research question,
collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting the results.
Creswell (2014) describes that quantitative approach construes analysis of
an idea by establishing narrow assumptions and use data gathering to support
or controvert the assumptions. The data are obtain from measuring attitudes,
and are analyzed using statistical procedures and assumptions testing. For the
quantitative methods, the writer use close-ended quastionnaire to see the
students’ perception of the English Village program.
Qualitative research aims to understand the phenomena experienced by
research subjects, such as behavior, perception, motivation, and action. He uses
descriptions in words and language, in certain natural contexts, and by utilizing
various natural methods (Lexy J. Moleong, 2007: 6). For the qualitative
method, the author uses interviews to collect data. The data collected from the
interviews was to find out the second research question, namely about the
perceptions and suggestions of parents towards the Parit Baru English Village
program.
B. Population, Sampling, and Sample
1. Population
Before the sample was collected, the researcher had to determine the
population. A population consists of all the objects or events of a specific
type about which researcher seek knowledge or information. The
population of this study are students and parents of the English village
program in the 2021 academic year at Parit Baru, Jl. Pd. Indah Lestari Jl.
Arteri Supadio KM.3 No.D11/14, Sungai Raya District, Kubu Raya
Regency, West Kalimantan 78391.
2. Sampling
Sampling is the technique of selecting a sample from the population. In
this study, the researcher used total sampling to select sample. Total
sampling is a technique that uses when all members of population are used
as sample (Sugiyono, 2017, p.142) According to Sugiyono the reason for
using total sampling is that if the total population is less than 100, the
entired population is sampled. Based on the number of population in this
study, The researcher employed total sampling to select the sample because
the population in this study is fewer than 100.
3. Sample
Selection of the sample is an essential step in conducting a research
study. The sample is a part of the population that analyzed. The sample
must be represented as one is to be able to generalize with confidence from
the sample to the population. From the population, 24 students and 7 parents
involved in this research. The students derived from early, elementary and
secondary School Students around Parit Baru Village, Kubu Raya Regency.

C. Collaborator
Colaborator is a certain person who helps the researcher to collect the data
(Astuti, N.Y.,2016). The collaborators in this research were the tutors of the
English village program namely Ms. A, Ms. R, Ms. F, Ms. Y, and Ms. S. The
tutors as a collaborator helped researcher in collect the quantitave data.
 Another collaborator is the head of welfare officer named Mrs. U. Mrs. U as a
collaborator helped researchers in obtaining qualitative data (interviews).
Collaborators are certain people who help researcher to get data (interviews).
Because the data is difficult to collect by the researchers themselves.

D. Technique and Tool of Data Collection

1. Technique of Data Collection
The fundamental objective of the research is to get data, the data
collecting technique is a crucial phase in the research process. In order to
conduct this study, the researcher employs a variety of data gathering
procedures in line with the topic to be investigated. The data collection
techniques used in this study are as follows:
a. Indirect Communication
To Collect the data related to the research focus in this study, the
researcher used indirect communication. While indirect communication
is communication by using tools. The tool used is a closed questionnaire
consisting of 21 statements. This questionnaire was used to obtain data
from English village students in Parit Baru.
b. Direct Communication
In order to achieve problem-solving, the data collection techniques
that are used in this study are direct communication. The direct
communication technique is a way of collecting data that requires
researchers and data sources to make direct contact face to face or
verbally. In this study, direct interviews with 3 questions were conducted
to obtain data from parents, while there were 7 parents who were
interviewed.
2. Tool of Data Collection
a. Close-ended questionnaire
Researchers used a questionnaire to identify solutions to the problem
formulation in this study. A questionnaire is a kind of research tool
consisting of a series of questions used to collect data from respondents
 (McLeod, S. A., 2018). The type of questionnaire used in this study to
collect data on students' perceptions of the English Village Program was
a closed questionnaire. The closed questionnaire used in this research
uses a Likert scale, with a scale of 4.
In this study, questionnaires were distributed to 24 students. Students
must answer questions based on the choices given, namely strongly
disagree, disagree, agree, strongly agree. From this closed question,
students can answer the question by putting a tick () on their choice.
The list of the questionnaire statements in this research is spoken in
Bahasa Indonesia to avoid misunderstanding among students in the case
of the meaning of each statement.
Before the questionnaire was distributed, the researcher had
conducted a try-out to the non-participants, the non-participants in
question were students who attended the 2nd meeting week who were not
participants in this study. The trial aims to determine whether the
questions are suitable for use in data collection. The try-out questionnaire
consisted of 24 questions.
b. Interview Guide
The interview is a way of collecting information in which questions
and replies are conducted verbally and in a prearranged order. Because
the responder is not permitted to offer questions during the interview, it is
referred to as unilateral. Given that human memory is restricted by place
and time, data collectors may utilize a voice recorder to assist smooth out
the interview by employing a tape recorder so that the answers to the
questions asked can be responded afterwards. Interview guidelines and
voice recording aids assist interviewers in categorizing and analyzing
responses provided by parents in order to make conclusions.
For this study, semi-structured interviews used, where the author
asks several questions that have been compiled and then deepened to
obtain data with further questions. The author uses this method to obtain
data about the opinions of students and parents about the EnglishVillage
 program of Parit Baru. In this study, interviews were aimed at parents to
obtain data. The researcher interviewed 7 parents. The indicators
interviewed include the opinions and perceptions, the criticism, and the
suggestion given by the informant on the English Village program.
This interview was conducted using a direct interview technique. by
using the interview guide the researcher continued to control the
continuity of the interview. In addition to preparing the interview guide,
the researcher also prepared sensory devices such as: recorder, blank
sheet, pen, and camera used in the interview. In this interview, the
researcher will have a collaborator. Mrs. U as a collaborator assists the
researcher in obtaining qualitative data (interview). Collaboratorare
certain people who help researchers to get data (interviews).
Before the researcher conducted the research, the researcher did a
try-out first to find out the level of difficulty of the question. The
difficulty of the question. The difficulty level was used to ensure that the
questions were easy or difficult for the participant to understand.
Questions were asked to non-participant first.

E. Data Collection Procedure and Analysis

1. Phase Quantitative
a. Data Collection
Data collection is carrying out English Village of Parit Baru. In this
research, the researcher used a questionnaire to get data related to the
students’ perception of English Village program. There are twenty two
statements in the questionnaire. The questionnaire used Likert scale.
Likert scale in this study is Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree
(D), Strongly Disagree (DS).
The questionnaire gives to the participants through some procedure
from the prepare with the result that analyzes, the procedure was clearly
in steps below:
 1. The researcher prepared the questionnaire.
2. The researcher gave the questionnaire to the respondents.
3. The researcher collected the responses.
4. The researcher analyzed the data to obtain using numeric form.
5. The researcher got the result of the questionniare.
6. The researcher follows up to the interview.
b. Data Analysis
In this study, the questionnaire analysis use numerical form. It
determined the students’ perceptions on the English Village program. All
of the questions are close-ended questions and those questions were
using Likert scale type. Likert scale uses 1-5, but in this study the
questionnaire consist of four predetermined answer where there was no
option uncertain. This is to perceive whether the tendency of participants
in choosing the statements will agree or disagree. For will be the highest
score and one will be the lowest score. The options has following scales.
Table 3.1
Scoring system of the close-ended questionnaires
Strongly
Kind of Strongly
Agree (A) Disagree (D) Disagree
Statements Agree (SA)
(SD)
Positive (+) 4 3 2 1
Negative (-) 1 2 3 4
Taken from Ferdila 2014

The researcher examine the results of the questionnaire, the

researcher counted the raw of the raw of the data into percentages and
interpreted them. It was calculated from the numbers of the answers of
each statement and multiplied by 100%. Questionnaire analysis was
presented in the following part.

∑
 Note:
N : number of students who choose a certain option
∑ : total numbers of students

After finishing the data calculation of the questionnaire, the

researcher drew consclusion of each statement and combined it at each
category of the questionnaire. In describing the result of the research, the
researcher find mean of each category to see wether the category have
positive or negative responses as a whole. The researcher used the scale
to decide whether the category have positive or negative responses. The
criteria presesnt in the following table :
Table 3.2
Score Class
1 - 2.4 Negative
2.5 – 4 Positive
Taken from Yanse 2016

c. Validity and Reliability

1. Validity
Validity within quantitative research is a measure of how
accurately the study answers the questions and hypotheses it was
commissioned to answer. By checking the validity of the data, the
researcher can find out that the questions in the questionnaire are
feasible to use. In order to asses construct validity, Pearson’s
correlation coefficient was employed.
Pearson correlation coefficient formula:
∑( ̅ )( ̅)

√∑( ̅ ) ∑( ̅)

Description:
: correlation ceofficient
 : value of the -variable in asample
̅ : mean of the values of the -variable
: values of the -variable in a sample
̅ : mean of the values of the -varaible
Criteria to look question give a significant correlation between a
total number is if values of r of each question higher than r table its
mean valid. According to Sugiyono (2020; 180) the rule are:

= valid
= invalid

The validity test of this research is calculated using the assistance

Exel 2010 program. The result of this validity test were then compared
with the price of r table at the significant level of 5% . The results of
the validity test will be presented in the following table:
Table 3.3
Result of Test Validity
Total Corrected Item-
Item r table Criteria
Total Correlation/r total
1 0,7526 0,602 Valid
2 0,7811 0,602 Valid
3 0,6531 0,602 Valid
4 0,6402 0,602 Valid
5 0,6531 0,602 Valid
6 0,691 0,602 Valid
7 0,7646 0,602 Valid
8 0,5718 0,602 Invalid
9 0,6409 0,602 Valid
10 0,7568 0,602 Valid
11 0,6531 0,602 Valid
12 0,7086 0,602 Valid
13 0,6542 0,602 Valid
14 0,6865 0,602 Valid
15 0,6657 0,602 Valid
16 0,203 0,602 Invalid
17 0,629 0,602 Valid
18 0,7355 0,602 Valid
19 0,2149 0,602 Invalid
20 0,629 0,602 Valid
21 0,8632 0,602 Valid
22 0,8174 0,602 Valid
23 0,779 0,602 Valid
24 0,7192 0,602 Valid

The test result of the instrument amounted to 24 statement

questions after being analyzed, it was satated 21 were declared valid.

2. Reliability
Reliability comes from the word rely which means to trust and
reliable which means to be trusted. Relationship trust with accuracy
and consistency, Purwanto (2016). Reliabiliy means consistency
where an insrument produces the same score, Ghoni and Almanshur
(2009). The reliability of the measuring instrument is the accuracy or
validity of the instrument in measuring what it measures, Lubis
(2009).
The formula used is Cronbach’s Alpha formula:

∑
( )( )

Description :
: reability value
: the number of question
∑ : number of item variants for each question
: total variance
According Wiratna Sujarweni (2014) “The questionnaire is said
to be reliable if the Cronbach Alpha is > 0,6.”. From the result of the
 reliability test conducted by the writer using Exel 2010 program
shows that the reliability of the questionnaire is 0,94677, which means
the questionnaire is reliable.
Table 3.4
The result of the reliability test
Reliability Standard Cronbach
Cronbach Alpha explanation
Coefficient Alpha
21 items 0,94677 0,6 Reliable

2. Phase Qualitative
a. Data Collection
To collect qualitative data, the researcher used interview to get
related data to the parents’ peception and suggestions of the English
Village program. For parents, there are three questions of the interview.
The parents’ interview questions also were developed based on three
aspects. They are : 1) Perception. 2) Critism. 3) Suggestion.
Researchers Conduct interviews through several procedures from
making questions to the results of the analysis, data collection procedures
clearly in the steps below:
1. Creating interview questions.
2. Doing interview
3. Recording the process.
4. Transcribing the interview answers
5. Analyzing the transcript.

b. Interview Analysis
At this stage, interview analysis was carried out to obtain all the
results of the interviews. The data obtained from the interviews were
recorded using a voice recorder. Miles and Huberman suggest that
activities in qualitative data analysis are carried out continuously until
they are completed. The data analysis technique used in this research is
 descriptive narrative. Researchers analyzed the data using steps based on
Miles and Huberman (Sugiyono, 2015: 244-246).
1. Data Reduction
To reduce the interview data, the researcher transcribed the
respondents' answers first. After the transcript was completed, the
researcher interpreted the data using a table containing themes,
transcripts, and encodings. In the table, the researcher entered the
transcripts one by one according to the theme so that it was orderly,
clear, and the data processing was smooth. Furthermore, the
researchers concluded the results of the interview data transcripts.
After that, the researcher linked the transcript of the data obtained
with the existing theory, and the code was given to facilitate
identification 3 themes, namely A1 (Perceptions), A2 (Critisms), and
A3 (Suggestions).
2. Data Display
After the data is reduced, the next is display data. The result of the
data reduction reported system which can be understood and
reasonable of the data that get in the field by the research. The
researcher displayed data from a brief description.
3. Conclusion Drawing/Verification
The third step is conclusion drawing and verification. The
conclusion drawn is started after the data were collected by making a
temporary conclusion. In the other words, it can be said that the
conclusion is analyzed continuously and verified the validity to get a
perfect conclusion. The researcher makes a conclusion from all the
data get in order to make it clear and understand the reader.

c. Validity
To check the validity of the data, the researcher used the
triangulation technique of data sources. The triangulation used by the
researcher is the triangulation of the data source. Data source
 triangulation means collecting data from different data sources using the
same method (Sugiyono, 2014). Sources of data in this study were
students and parents.

F. Research Procedures
In this session, researcher displayed how the research procedures were
performed. To obtained the results of the study, there are several stages that the
researcher has passed. There are planning, data processing, and data reporting.
1. Planning
The research plan is the central part of a study to outline the initial
thoughts about the research logically and concisely. The primary purpose of
planning is to achieve something desired by following the proper steps. In
this research, the research planning refers to the initial step of the researcher
deciding on the topic and investigating the perception of students and
parents of the English Village program.
2. Data Collecting
The data collection process is a series of research to obtain appropriate
and necessary information in this research. In collecting data, researchers
need to observe and build good communication with students, parents, and
administrators of the English Village program and formulate and formulate
questions that will later be useful for research needs. Researchers prepare
research objectives and research instruments properly. Based on the data
collection techniques used, the researcher collected questionnaires
answered by the students. Then the researchers will record the data obtained
during the interview process. The interview recording will be transcribed to
facilitate the analysis process.
3. Data Processing
At this stage, the data obtained through the data collection stage will be
selected and processed to find valuable new information and data. So that
the data presented is easy to understand and draw conclusions. In this study,
 the researcher will use thematic analysis to analyze the data obtained from
the interview process.
4. Data Reporting
Data reporting is the final part of the research, and this stage will be
proof of the research results that have been done. According to Lodico et al.
(2010), a research report is a completed study that reports an investigation
or exploration of a problem, identifies a question to be addressed, and
includes data collected, analyzed, and interpreted. Interpretation is a series
of activities to interpret a result with kinds of questions, answers, or a
certain standard to create meaning from the data obtained by the researcher
in the point of finding the answer to the problem in a study that is currently
improved. Interpretation is about bringing out the meaning, telling the story,
providing an explanation, and developing a plausible explanation.
Furthermore, Donald Ary et al. (2009:490) stated that interpreting
qualitative data is difficult because there are no set rules to follow. After all,
it depends on the researcher's background, perspective, knowledge,
theoretical orientation, and intellectual skills that the researcher brings to the
task. Also, there is no statistical test of significance to facilitate the
interpretation of qualitative data. In this research, interpretation will
implement to provide the result of the students' and parents' perception of
the English Village program of Parit Baru.