J Am Acad Psychoanal
J Am Acad Psychoanal
J Am Acad Psychoanal
. 2000 Fall;28(3):409-30.
doi: 10.1521/jaap.1.2000.28.3.409.
PMID: 11109223
DOI: 10.1521/jaap.1.2000.28.3.409
Abstract
In summary, we are impressed with the existence of a mirror neuron system in the
prefrontal cortex that serves as part of a complex neural network, including afferent and
efferent connections to the limbic system, in particular the amygdala, in addition to the
premotor and motor cortex. We think it is possible to arrive at an integration that
postulates the mirror neuron system and its many types of associated multimodal neurons
as contributing significantly to implicit procedural learning, a process that underlies a
range of complex nonconscious, unconscious, preconscious and conscious cognitive
activities, from playing musical instruments to character formation and traumatic
configurations. This type of brain circuitry may establish an external coherence with
developmental systems self psychology which implies that positive new experience is
meliorative and that the intentional revival of old-old traumatic relational configurations
might enhance maladaptive procedural patterns that would lead to the opposite of the
intended beneficial change. When analysts revive traumatic transference patterns for the
purpose of clarification and interpretation, they may fail to appreciate that such traumatic
transference patterns make interpretation ineffective because, as we have stated above,
the patient lacks self-reflection under such traumatic conditions. The continued plasticity
and immediacy of the mirror neuron system can contribute to positive new experiences
that promote the formation of new, adaptive, implicit-procedural patterns. Perhaps this
broadened repertoire in the patient of ways of understanding interrelational events
through the psychoanalytic process allows the less adaptive patterns ultimately to become
vestigial and the newer, more adaptive patterns to emerge as dominant. Finally, as we have
stated, we believe that the intentional transferential revival of trauma (i.e., the old-old
relational configuration) may not contribute to therapeutic benefit. In contrast, the revival
of trauma in the old-new configuration (i.e., in the presence of a helpful other who can
reduce anxiety and foster eventual positive new experience) can be beneficial, as trauma
research has demonstrated. This is the process that promotes new implicit-procedural
learning, new-new relational configurations, and a richer understanding of the self
narrative.