III year -ECE

S.No Subject code Subject Name Section

1 20EC601 DISCRETE TIME SIGNAL PROCESSING A,B,C
2 20EC602 ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION A,B,C
3 20EC603 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS A,B,C
Professional elective II
4 20EC907 SENSORS AND ACTUATOR DEVICES B
4 20EC908 RTL DESIGN WITH VHDL / VERILOG HDL A
4 20EC911 MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION AND COMMUNICATION C
Professional elective III
5 20EC913 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING B
5 20EC914 LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN A
5 20EC915 4G/5G COMMUNICATION NETWORKS C

COURSE
COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE

DISCRETE TIME SIGNAL PROCESSING

20EC601 2 2 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

● To learn Discrete Fourier Transform and Fast Fourier Transform.

● To describe the characteristics of IIR filters and design IIR filters for given specification.

● To familiarize different design methods available for FIR filters and its realization structures.

● To explain the effects of finite precision representation on digital filters.

● To discuss the effect of quantization on digital filters.

● To classify the characteristics and architectural features of Digital Signal Processors.

UNIT I DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM 12

DFT and its properties – Periodicity, Symmetry and Circular Convolution - FFT algorithms - Radix-2
DIT FFT, Radix-2 DIF FFT - Overlap-add & overlap-save methods.

UNIT II INFINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE FILTERS 12

Analog filters – Butterworth filters, Chebyshev Type I filters (upto 3rd order), Analog Transformation
of prototype LPF to BPF /BSF/ HPF, Transformation of analog filters into equivalent digital filters
using Impulse invariant method and Bilinear Z transform method- Realization structures for IIR
filters - direct, cascade, parallel forms.

UNIT III FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE FILTERS 12

Design of linear phase FIR filters using Fourier series, Windowing and Frequency sampling methods
–Rectangular, Hamming and Hanning - Realization structures for FIR filters – Transversal and Linear
phase structures - Comparison of FIR & IIR filters.

UNIT IV FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS 12

Fixed point and floating-point number representation - ADC - quantization - truncation and
rounding - quantization noise - input / output quantization - coefficient quantization error - product
quantization error - overflow error - limit cycle oscillations due to product quantization and
summation - scaling to prevent overflow.

UNIT V DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS 12

DSP Architectures Harvard, VonNeuman, VLIW - Types of Digital Signal Processors - Pipelining -
Multiply and accumulate unit - TMS 320C5X DSP architecture and addressing modes.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital signal processing - principles, algorithms

and applications, Pearson Education, Fourth Edition, 2007.

2. A.V.Oppenheim, R.W. Schafer and J.R. Buck, Discrete Time Signal Processing , Pearson,
Eighth Indian Reprint, 2004.

REFERENCES:

1. I.C.Ifeachor and B.W. Jervis, Digital Signal Processing A Practical Approach, Pearson, Wiley
& sons, Singapore, 2002.

2. M.H.Hayes, Digital Signal Processing, Schaum’s outlines, Tata McGraw Hill, 2007.

3. A. NagoorKani, Digital Signal Processing , McGraw Hill Education,Second Edition, 2017.

4. Salivahanan S, Digital Signal Processing, McGraw Hill Education, Fourth Edition, 2019.

5. Andreas Antoniou,Digital Signal Processing, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2006.

COURSE
COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE

ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION

20EC602 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

 To give insight of the fundamental characteristics and parameters of antennas.

 To give a thorough understanding of the radiation characteristics of different types of HF and

VHF antennas.

 To understand operating principles and design concepts of antenna arrays.

  To design & analyze microwave frequency antennas and also to bring awareness of antenna
applications in various types of communication.

 To create an awareness about the different types of propagation of radio waves at different
frequencies.

UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIATION 9

Definition of antenna parameters – Radiation Pattern, Gain, Directivity, Radiation Resistance,

Effective aperture, Effective length, Band width, Beam width, Input Impedance, Polarization, Baluns,
Antenna temperature, Frii’s Transmission formula.

UNIT II HF AND VHF ANTENNAS 9

Wire Antennas, Short dipole, Halfwave dipole, Folded dipole, V-antenna, Rhombic antenna, Loop
antenna, Yagi-Uda antenna

UNIT III ANTENNA ARRAYS 9

Two element array, N element linear array, Broadside and End fire array, Pattern multiplication, Non-
uniform excitation- Binomial array, Chebyshev array, Concept of Phased arrays, Adaptive array, Smart
antenna.

UNIT IV UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS 9

Principle of frequency independent antennas –Spiral antenna, Helical antenna, Log periodic
antenna. Radiation from rectangular apertures, Horn antenna, Reflector antenna, Slot antennas,
Micro strip antenna, EBG structure, Frequency Reconfigurable antennas, Dielectric antennas.

UNIT V PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES 9

Modes of propagation, Structure of atmosphere, Ground wave propagation, Space wave

propagation, Tropospheric propagation, Sky wave propagation, Ionospheric propagation-Structure of
Ionosphere, Skip distance, Virtual height, critical frequency, Maximum usable frequency.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:

1. J. D. Krauss, R. J. Marhefka and A. S. Khan, Antenna and Wave Propagation, 4th Edition,
Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, India,2012.

2. Warren L. Stutzman and Gary A. Thiele, Antenna theory and Design, 3rd Edition, Wiley &
Sons, New York, USA, 2013.

REFERENCES:

1. Edward C. Jordan and Keith G. Bal main, Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems, 2 nd
Edition ,Prentice Hall of India, 2015.

2. Constantine.A.Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition, Wiley & Sons, New
York, USA, 2016.

3. Rajeswari Chatterjee, Antenna Theory and Practice, 2nd Edition, New Age International
Publishers, 2006.

4. Robert S. Elliott Antenna Theory and Design Wiley Student Edition, 2006.

5. Albert Sabban, Wideband RF Technologies and Antennas in Microwave Frequencies, Wiley,

New York USA, 2016.

COURSE
COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
20EC603 3 0 2 4
(Lab Integrated)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

● To learn the architecture, programming and working of ARM processors.

● To understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems.

● To familiarize the concepts of embedded computing platform and program.

● To analyse and optimize embedded programs.

● To construct different applications on embedded systems.

UNIT I EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN 15

Complex systems and microprocessors – Embedded system design process – Design example:
Model train controller – Design methodologies: Design flows – Requirement Analysis –
Specifications – System analysis and architecture design – Quality assurance techniques – Case
Study: Brake and stability control system.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
 1. Study of ARM evaluation system

UNIT II ARM PROCESSOR AND PERIPHERALS 15

Introduction to ARM Processor – ARM Architecture – Versions – Instruction Set – Stacks and
Subroutines – Features of the LPC 214X Family – Peripherals: The Timer Unit – Pulse Width
Modulation Unit – UART

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Flashing of LED

2. Interfacing LED and PWM.

3. Interfacing EPROM and interrupt.

UNIT III COMPUTING PLATFORM AND EMBEDDED PROGRAM 15

Basic computing platform – Designing with computing platforms – Consumer electronics

architecture – Platform level performance analysis – Components for embedded programs –
Models of programs – Assembly, linking and loading – Compilation techniques: Compilation
methods – Compiler optimization – Case Study – Light intensity variation using PWM.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Interfacing Stepper motor.

2. Interfacing Temperature sensor and ADC

UNIT IV EMBEDDED PROGRAM ANALYSIS 15

Program level performance analysis – Software performance optimization – Program level energy
and power analysis and optimization – Analysis and optimization of program size– Program
validation and testing: Black box testing – White box testing – Functional testing – Case study:
Multiplication of 2D arrays.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Interfacing keyboard and LCD

UNIT V APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 15

Case Study: Data compressor – Alarm clock – Audio player – Software modem – Digital still camera
–Telephone answering machine – Engine control unit – Video accelerator.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Interfacing serial port.

2. Interfacing real time clock

 3. Implementing zigbee protocol with ARM.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS(THEORY) +30 PERIODS (LAB)=75 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Marilyn Wolf, Computers as Components, Principles of Embedded Computing System

Design, Fourth Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publisher (An imprint from Elsevier), 2016.

2. Alexander G. Dean, Embedded Systems Fundamentals with Arm Cortex-M based

Microcontrollers: A Practical Approach, ARM Education media, Paperback ,2017

REFERENCES:

1. LylaB. Das, Embedded Systems: An Integrated Approach Pearson Education, 2013.

2. JonathanW.V alvano, Embedded Microcomputer Systems Real Time Interfacing, 2nd

Edition Cengage Learning,2012.

3. Raymond J.A.Buhr, DonaldL. Bailey, An Introduction to Real-Time Systems-From Design to

Networking with C/C++, PrenticeHall,1999.

4. C.M.Krishna, Kang G. Shin, Real-time Systems, International Editions, McGraw Hill 1997

5. Sriram V Iyer, Pankaj Gupta, Embedded Real Time Systems Programming, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2017.

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE II

COURSE
COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE

20EC907 SENSORS AND ACTUATOR DEVICES – B Section 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

 To understand the fundamental principles and operating mechanisms of sensors and

actuator devices.

 To familiarize the basic electronic circuits and systems used to interface sensors and
actuator devices.

 To acquire the skills to create, construct, and validate basic sensor and actuator devices.

 To analyze, troubleshoot, and debug sensor and actuator systems.

 To develop real-time IoT based applications with sensors and actuators.

UNIT I SENSORS AND ACTUATORS 9

Introduction to Sensors and Actuator- Sensor and Actuator Characteristics- Types of sensors and
actuators - Calibration, accuracy, and precision of sensors - Signal conditioning and amplification of
sensor signals.

UNIT II SEVEN GENERATIONS OF IOT SENSORS 9

Introduction to IoT Sensors - First-generation sensors: temperature, light, and motion sensors -
Second-generation sensors: proximity sensors, pressure sensors, and gas sensors - Third-
generation sensors: biosensors, chemical sensors, and magnetic sensors - Fourth-generation
sensors: intelligent sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) - Fifth-generation sensors:
nanosensors, biometric sensors - Sixth-generation sensors: printed sensors, flexible sensors -
Seventh-generation sensors: quantum sensors, carbon nanotube sensors, and neural sensors.

UNIT III ACTUATORS AND ADVANCED SENSING TECHNIQUES 9

Electromechanical and electrothermal actuators: differences, characteristics, and use cases - Types
of actuators: motors, solenoids, relays, and others - Control of actuator devices: DC, AC, and
stepper motor control - H-bridge motor driver circuits.

UNIT IV SENSORS FOR AUTOMOTIVE AND SMART CITIES 9

Introduction to automotive sensors and their applications - Types of automotive sensors:

temperature, pressure, speed, position - Sensor requirements for automotive applications:
reliability, durability, and accuracy. Introduction to sensors for smart city applications - Types of
smart city sensors: air quality, noise, traffic, weather, and others - Sensor requirements for smart
city applications: energy efficiency, data accuracy, and real-time monitoring.

UNIT V DEVELOPING AN IOT BASED APPLICATIONS 9

Smart Energy Monitor Based on IoT, Develop a Face Recognizing Robot, Build an IoT based Smart
Home System, IoT Based Air Quality Index Monitoring, IoT Based Contactless Body Temperature
Monitor.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to

CO1: Build schematic for IoT solutions with sensors.

CO2: Design and develop IoT based sensor systems.

CO3: Select the appropriate sensors for various industrial applications

CO4: Evaluate the wireless sensor technologies for IoT.

CO5: Design and develop an IoT Prototype project

CO6: Identify the IoT networking components with respect to sensors.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. D. Patranabis, Sensors and Transducers, 1st edition, PHI Learning Private Limited, 2013.

2. Maggie Lin and Qiang Lin., Internet of Things Ecosystem: 2nd Edition, 2021.

REFERENCES:
 1. Timothy Chou, - Precision: Principles, Practices and Solutions for the Internet of Things,
Cloudbook Inc., USA, 2020

2. Ravindra P. Singh and Narayan C. Kar, Smart Sensors and MEMS: Intelligent Devices and
Microsystems for Industrial Applications, CRC Press, 2014.

3. A.J. Siti Shafrah, R. Badlishah Ahmad, and I.A. Halim, Sensors and Actuators: Control
System Instrumentation, Penerbit UTM Press, 2018

4. Sanjay Sharma, Sensors and Actuators: Engineering System Instrumentation, Second

Edition, CRC Press, 2015.

5. Clarence W. de Silva, Intelligent Autonomous Systems 13: Proceedings of the 13th

International Conference IAS-13, Springer, 2014.

COURSE
COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE

20EC908 RTL DESIGN WITH VHDL / VERILOG HDL – A Section 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

● To understand the logic design fundamentals in RTL using Verilog

● To analyze the practical issues and scenarios for the design of combinational logic using
Verilog RTL

● To design efficient RTL for sequential design using Verilog coding guidelines

● To understand the Complex Designs Using Verilog RTL

● To write a testbench program for functional verification

INTRODUCTION TO SIMULATION AND SYNTHESIS FLOW FOR THE

UNIT I 9
VERILOG RTL

Integrated Circuit Design and Methodologies: RTL Design, Functional Verification, Synthesis,
Physical Design. Verilog HDL. Verilog Design Description: Structural Design, Behavior Design.
Synthesizable RTL Design. Key Verilog Terminologies

UNIT II DESIGN OF COMBINATIONAL LOGIC USING VERILOG RTL 9

Introduction to Combinational Logic, Logic Gates and Synthesizable RTL, Arithmetic Circuits,
Multiplexers, Decoders, Encoders, Combinational Design Guidelines: Blocking Assignments,
Continuous Versus Procedural Assignments, If-Else Versus Case Statements.

UNIT III DESIGN OF SEQUENTIAL LOGIC USING VERILOG RTL 9

Introduction to Sequential Logic, Flip-Flop, Synchronous and Asynchronous Reset, Synchronous

Counters: Up Counter, Down Counter, Up-Down and Ring Counter. Shift Register. Sequential
Design Guidelines: Blocking and Non-blocking Assignments, Synchronous Versus Asynchronous
Reset, If-Else Versus Case Statements

UNIT IV COMPLEX DESIGNS USING VERILOG RTL 9

ALU Design, Parity Generators and Detectors, Barrel Shifters, Finite State Machines: Mealy and
Moore-Design of RAM and ROM-UART interface
UNIT V VERIFICATION AND TEST BENCHES 9

Introduction to Test bench program for timing & functional verification: Adder, Comparators,
Decoder, ALU, Registers and Case Studies on Memory Design for processor.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to

CO1: Understand the basics of Verilog RTL Simulation and Synthesis flow.

CO2: Design combinational Logic circuit for the real time and practical scenario

CO3: Understand the synthesizable sequential design issues

CO4: Design Complex structure for the required functionality

CO5: write a test bench code for functional verification

CO6: Understand the basics of Verilog RTL Simulation and Synthesis flow.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Vaibbhav Taraate ,Digital Logic Design Using Verilog Coding and RTL Synthesis, Springer
India 2016.
2. Sanjay Churiwala and Sapan Garg , Principles of VLSI RTL Design - A Practical Guide,
Springer 2012.

REFERENCES:

1. P. Uyemura, Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, John Wiley, 2009

2. Neil H. E. Weste and David Money Harris, CMOS VLSI Design - A Circuits and Systems
Perspective, 4th Edition, Pearson, 2010.

3. Samir Palanitkar, Verilog HDL A Guide to Digital Design and synthesis, second Edition,
2007

4. M. Morris Mano and Mechael D. Ciletti, Digital Design: with an introduction to Verilog
HDL 5th Edition, Pearson Education, 2013.

5. Michael D Ciletti, Advanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL, 2nd edition, Pearson
education, 2017

COURSE
COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE

MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION AND COMMUNICATION- C

20EC911 3 0 0 3
Section

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

 To understand the compression schemes for text, voice, image and video

 To understand various encoding techniques of audios and videos in multimedia systems

  To understand the QoS issues in multimedia network

 To introduce communication protocols for multimedia networking.

 To analyse and design multimedia communication networks

UNIT I AUDIO COMPRESSION 9

Multimedia components and their characteristics, Sampling and Quantization of Speech (PCM) -
Adaptive differential PCM - Delta Modulation - Linear predictive coding (LPC) - Code excited Linear
predictive Coding (CELP)

UNIT II IMAGE AND VIDEO COMPRESSION 9

Graphics Interchange format- Tagged image file format- Digitized pictures- JPEG-Video Encoding-
Motion estimation –Overview of H.263 and MPEG.

UNIT III TEXT COMPRESSION 9

Static and Dynamic Huffman coding – Arithmetic coding –Lempel-Ziv coding – LZW coding.

UNIT IV GUARANTEED SERVICE MODEL 9

Best Effort service model – Scheduling and Dropping policies – Network Performance Parameters –
Quality of Service and metrics – WFQ and its variants – Random Early Detection –Admission
Control – Resource Reservation – RSVP - Traffic Shaping Algorithms

UNIT V MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION 9

Stream characteristics for Continuous media – Temporal Relationship – Object Stream Interactions,
Recovering from packet loss – RTSP –– Multimedia Communication Standards – RTP/RTCP – SIP
and H.263.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to

CO1: Understand the basic ideas of compression algorithms related to multimedia components.

CO2: Understand the principles and standards of Text and Audio Compression Technique

CO3: Understand the principles and standards of Image and Video Compression Techniques

CO4: Apply the various techniques in real-time applications

CO5: Implement various applications using compression algorithms

CO6: To carry out research and development in the field of multimedia systems and algorithms

TEXT BOOKS:
 1. Fred Halsall, Multimedia communication- Applications, Networks, Protocols and
Standards, Pearson Education, 2007.

2. Tay Vaughan, Multimedia Making it work, McGraw-Hill Osborne Media, 2007.

REFERENCES:

1. Kurose and W. Ross, Computer Networking A Top Down Approach, Pearson education, 3 rd
Edition, 2012

2. KR. Rao,Z S Bojkovic, D A Milovanovic, ―Multimedia Communication Systems: Techniques,

Standards, and Networks‖, Pearson Education 2007

3. R. Steimnetz, K. Nahrstedt, Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications‖,

Pearson Education,1st Edition, 1995.

4. Nalin K Sharda, Multimedia Information Networking‘, Prentice Hall of India, 1999

5. Aura Ganz, Zvi Ganz and Kitti Wongthawaravat, Multimedia Wireless Networks:
Technologies, Standards and QoS, Prentice Hall, 2003

6. Ellen Kayata Wesel, Wireless Multimedia Communications: Networking Video, Voice and
Data, Addision Wesley, 1998

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE III

COURSE
COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING – B

20EC913 3 0 0 3
Section

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

 To impart artificial intelligence principles, techniques and its history.

 To assess the applicability, strengths, and weaknesses of the basic knowledge

representation in solving engineering problems.

 To develop a basic understanding of problem solving and learning methods of AI

 To develop a basic knowledge in Data Science concepts

 To develop intelligent systems by assembling solutions to concrete computational

problems

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 9

Definitions - Importance of AI, Evolution of AI - Applications of AI, Classification of AI systems with

respect to environment. Introduction to Python - Basic Libraries in Python (Pandas, Numpy,
Matplotlib) - Conditional- Iterative Statements and Function - Basic Data Exploration - Advanced
Functions for Data Manipulation.

UNIT II INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE LEARNING 9

Introduction to Machine Learning - Types of Machine Learning – Supervised and Unsupervised -
Data exploration - Target Variables, Independent Numerical Variables, Categorical Variables -
Splitting of Data - Feature Scaling of Data.

UNIT III INTRODUCTION TO DATA SCIENCE 9

Introduction to Data science - Introduction to Statistics – Central Tendency - Data Distribution -

Probabilities of Discret and Continuous Variables- Introduction to Inferential Statistics - Hypothesis
Testing - T tests - Chi Squared Tests – Correlation.

Understanding the types of Predictive Models - Univariate Analysis - Bivariate Analysis- Treating
Missing Values - How to treat Outliers - Transforming the Variables - Basics of Model Building.

UNIT IV LINEAR REGRESSION AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION 9

Linear Regression - Introduction to Linear Regression, Gradient Descent, Feature Engineering -

Building First Predictive Model using Regression and Evaluate Performance.

Logistic Regression - Basics of Logistic Regression, Evaluation Metrics, Implementing Logistic

Regression

UNIT V DECISION TREE, ENSEMBLE MODELS AND CLUSTERING 9

Introduction to Decision Tree - Improving Model Performance by Pruning/Hyperparameters

Tuning. Basics of Ensemble Techniques - Random Forest - Implementation of Bagging and Random
Forest. Clustering - Understanding K-means - Implementation of K-means.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to

CO1: Evaluate Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods and describe their foundations.

CO2: Discuss types of Machine Learning

CO3: Evaluate the predictive models and analyse the Probabilities based on data.

CO4: Apply Linear and Logistic Regression algorithms.

CO5: Apply Decision Tree, Ensemble Model and Clustering

CO6: Discuss current scope and limitations of AI and societal implications

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Andrew Ng, Machine Learning Yearning, 2018.

2. Poole, D. and Mackworth, A., Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents,

Cambridge University Press, 2010.

REFERENCES:

1. Sebastian Raschka and Vahid Mirjalili, Python Machine Learning: Machine Learning and
Deep Learning with Python, scikit-learn, and TensorFlow, 2nd Edition, Packt Publishing,
2017.

2. Kevin P. Murphy, Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective, MIT Press, 2012.

3. Alpaydin, E., Introduction to Machine Learning. 3rd edition, The MIT Press, 2020

4. Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani, and Jerome Friedman, The Elements of Statistical
Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction, Springer, 2009.

5. Russell, S. and Norvig, P. 2015. Artificial Intelligence - A Modern Approach, 3rd edition,
Prentice Hall.

COURSE
COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE

20EC914 LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN – A Section 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

● To identify sources of power in an IC.

● To identify the power reduction techniques based on technology independent and

technology dependent methods

● To identify suitable techniques to reduce the power dissipation

● To estimate power dissipation of various MOS logic circuits

● To develop algorithms for low power dissipation

UNIT I POWER DISSIPATION IN CMOS 9

Hierarchy of Limits of Power – Sources of Power Consumption – Physics of Power Dissipation in

CMOS FET Devices – Basic Principle of Low Power Design.

UNIT II POWER OPTIMIZATION 9

Logic Level Power Optimization – Circuit Level Low Power Design – Gate Level Low Power
Design –Architecture Level Low Power Design – VLSI Subsystem Design of Adders, Multipliers,
PLL, Low Power Design

UNIT III DESIGN OF LOW POWER CMOS CIRCUITS 9

Computer Arithmetic Techniques for Low Power System – Reducing Power Consumption in
Combinational Logic, Sequential Logic, Memories – Low Power Clock – Advanced Techniques –
Special Techniques, Adiabatic Techniques – Physical Design, Floor Planning, Placement and
Routing.
UNIT IV POWER ESTIMATION 9

Power Estimation Techniques, Circuit Level, Gate Level, Architecture Level, Behavioral Level, –
Logic Power Estimation – Simulation Power Analysis –Probabilistic Power Analysis

SYNTHESIS AND SOFTWARE DESIGN FOR LOW POWER CMOS

UNIT V 9
CIRCUITS

Synthesis for Low Power – Behavioral Level Transform –Algorithms for Low Power – Software
Design for Low Power.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to

CO1: To know the sources of power consumption in CMOS circuits

CO2: To design and analyze various MOS logic circuits

CO3: To apply low power techniques for low power dissipation

CO4: To estimate the power dissipation of ICs

CO5: Able to develop algorithms to reduce power dissipation by software

CO6: To learn the design concepts of low power circuits.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Kaushik Roy and S.C.Prasad, Low power CMOS VLSI circuit design, John Wiley & Sons,
2013.

2. Dimitrios Soudris, Christians Pignet, Costas Goutis, Designing CMOS Circuits for Low
Power, Springer,2011

REFERENCES:

1. A.P.Chandrasekaran and R.W.Brodersen, Low power digital CMOS design, Springer US,
2012.

2. Gary Yeap, Practical low power digital VLSI design, Springer US, 2012.

3. Abdelatif Belaouar, Mohamed.I.Elmasry, Low power digital VLSI design: Circuits and
Systems, Springer Verlag, 2012.

4. James B.Kulo, Shih-Chia Lin, Low voltage SOI CMOS VLSI devices and Circuits, John Wiley
& sons,2011.

5. Steven M.Rubin, Computer Aids for VLSI Design, 3rd edition, R.L. Ranch Press, 2012.

COURSE
COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE

20EC915 4G/5G COMMUNICATION NETWORKS – C Section 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

 To know about technology and evolution of LTE networks.

 To introduce 5G massive MIMO and NOMA system technology.

 To enable students to understand various wireless protocols.

 To know the need for network security in 5G

 To know about the possible application using 5G

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Introduction to 1G/2G/3G/4G/5G Terminology - Evolution of Public Mobile Services - Motivation

for IP Based Wireless Networks - Requirements and Targets for Long Term Evolution (LTE) -
Technologies for LTE- 4G Advanced Features and Roadmap Evolutions from LTE to LTEA To 5G,
Need for 5G, Performance Bottleneck of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System High-Speed
Packet Access (UMTS/HSPA) and Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Networks.

UNIT II WIRELESS ARCHITECTURES 9

3GPP Packet Data Networks - Network Architecture - Packet Data Protocol (PDP) Context -
Configuring PDP Addresses on Mobile Stations - Accessing IP Networks through PS Domain – LTE
network Architecture - Roaming Architecture- Protocol Architecture - Open wireless Architecture
for 5G - Network architecture changes from 3G TO 5G.

UNIT III WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 9

Cellular wireless networks and systems principles - Antennas and radio propagation - Signal
encoding and modulation techniques., advanced modulation and coding, medium access
techniques, cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access networks, Static and dynamic channel
allocation techniques, Introduction to 5G Massive MIMO Systems Introduction to Non-Orthogonal
Multiple Access (NOMA) Technology

UNIT IV WIRELESS PROTOCOLS 9

MAC Protocols, the Mediation Device Protocol, Contention based protocols - PAMAS, Schedule
based protocols – LEACH, IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol, Challenges and Issues in Transport layer
protocol. Routing protocols - Subscription management / roaming / offloading, IP telephony.

UNIT V NEED FOR SECURITY AND APPLICATIONS OF 4G AND 5G 9

Network Security Requirements, Issues and Challenges in Security Provisioning for 4G and 5G,
Network Security Attacks , possible solutions for jamming, tampering, black hole attack, flooding
attack in heterogeneous 4G and 5G networks. 4K/8K streaming, Tele-medicine, Tele-education,
AR/VR, Real time interactive gaming, IoT and smart cities, Satellite Internet, SnapDragon – Case
study .

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to

CO1: Explain the basic features of 4G/5G communication technology.

CO2: The students will able to work with cellular networks and wireless protocols.
CO3: The students will able to work the principle of MIMO AMD NOMA.

CO4: The students will able to familiar with wireless protocols.

CO5: The students know the network security issues and challenges.

CO6: Explain the basic features of satellite internet, IoT and 5G smart antennas.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Harri Holma, Antti Toskala, Takehiro Nakamura, 5G Technology :3GPP New Radio, John
Wiley & Sons, 2019

2. Ayman El-Nashar, Mohamed El-saidny, Mahmoud Sherif, Design, Deployment and

Performance of 4G-LTE Networks: A Practical Approach, John Wiley & Sons, 2014

REFERENCES:

1. W. Stallings, Wireless Communications and Networks, Second Edition, Pearson Education,

2013

2. Harri Holma, Antti Toskala, WCDMA for UMTS: HSPA Evolution and LTE, Fifth Edition John
Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publication, 2010.

3. Dharma Prakash Agrawal and Qing-An Zeng, Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems,
Third Edition, Thomson, 2011.

4. T Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications -Principles Practice,Second Edition,

Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2010.

5. Jyh-Cheng Chen and Tao Zhang, IP-Based Next-Generation Wireless Networks Systems,
Architectures, and Protocols, First Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publication, 2010.
II year -ECE

S.No Subject Subject Name Section

code
1 Universal Human ValuesII: Understanding A,B,C,D
22GE301
2 22MA402 Probability and Random Processes A,B,C,D
3 22EC401 Control Engineering A,B,C,D
4 22EC402 Linear Integrated Circuits A,B,C,D
5 22EC403 Analog and Digital Communication A,B,C,D

UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES 2: UNDERSTANDING

22GE301 2 2 0 3
HARMONY
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 Development of a holistic perspective based on self-exploration about themselves (human
beings), family, society and nature/existence.
 Understanding (or developing clarity) of the harmony in the human being, family, society,
and nature/existence.
 Strengthening of self-reflection.
 Development of commitment and courage to act.
COURSE INTRODUCTION - NEED, BASIC GUIDELINES, CONTENT
UNIT I 12
AND PROCESS FOR VALUE EDUCATION

Purpose and motivation for the course, recapitulation from Universal Human Values-I- Self-
Exploration–Its content and process-Natural Acceptance and Experiential Validation-as the process for
self-exploration - Continuous Happiness and Prosperity-A look at basic Human Aspirations. Right
understanding, Relationship and Physical Facility-The basic requirements for fulfillment of aspirations of
every human being with correct priority- Understanding Happiness and Prosperity correctly-A critical
appraisal of the current scenario. Methods to fulfill the human aspirations: Understanding and living in
harmony at various levels.
Practice sessions to discuss natural acceptance in human being as the innate acceptance for
living with responsibility (living in relationship, harmony and co-existence) rather than as arbitrariness
in choice based on liking-disliking.
UNDERSTANDING HARMONY IN THE HUMAN BEING – HARMONY IN
UNIT II MYSELF! 12
Understanding human beings as a co-existence of the sentient ‘I’ and the material ‘Body’ -
Understanding the needs of Self (‘I’) and ‘Body’ - happiness and physical facility -Understanding the Body
as an instrument of ‘I’ (I being the doer, seer and enjoyer) - Understanding the characteristics and
activities of ‘I’ and harmony in ‘I’ - ‘Understanding the harmony of I with the Body: Sanyam and Health;
correct appraisal of Physical needs, the meaning of Prosperity in detail - Programs to ensure Sanyam
and Health.

Practice sessions: To discuss the role others have played in making material goods available to me.
Identifying from one’s own life. Differentiate between prosperity and accumulation. Discuss programs for
ensuring health vs dealing with the disease.
UNDERSTANDING HARMONY IN THE FAMILY AND SOCIETY-
UNIT III 12
HARMONY IN HUMAN-HUMAN RELATIONSHIP
Understanding values in a human-human relationship - the meaning of Justice (nine universal
values in relationships) and the program for its fulfillment to ensure mutual happiness -Trust and Respect
as the foundational values of relationship - Understanding the meaning of Trust; Difference between
intention and competence - Understanding the meaning of Respect, Difference between respect and
differentiation; the other salient values in a relationship - Understanding the harmony in the society
(society being an extension of the family) - Resolution, Prosperity, fearlessness (trust) and co-existence
as comprehensive Human Goals - Visualizing a universal harmonious order in society- Undivided
Society, Universal Order- from family to world family.

Practice sessions: To reflect on relationships in family, hostel and institute as extended family, real-life
examples, teacher-student relationship, the goal of education etc. Gratitude as a universal value in
relationships. Discuss scenarios. Elicit examples from students’ lives.

UNDERSTANDING HARMONY IN NATURE AND EXISTENCE -

UNIT IV 12
WHOLE EXISTENCE AS COEXISTENCE

Understanding the harmony in Nature - Interconnectedness and mutual fulfillment among the four
orders of nature- recyclability and self-regulation in nature - Understanding Existence as the Co-
existence of mutually interacting units in all-pervasive Space - Holistic perception of harmony at all levels
of existence.

Practice sessions: To discuss human beings as the cause of imbalance in nature (film “Home” can
be used), pollution, depletion of resources and role of technology etc.
IMPLICATIONS OF THE ABOVE HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF
UNIT V 12
HARMONY IN PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Natural acceptance of human values - Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct - Basis for Humanistic
Education, Humanistic Constitution and Humanistic Universal Order - Competence in professional ethics:
a. Ability to utilize professional competence for augmenting universal human order b. Ability to identify the
scope and characteristics of people-friendly and eco-friendly production systems, c. Ability to identify
and develop appropriate technologies and management patterns for the above production systems
- Case studies of typical holistic technologies, management models and production systems - Strategy
for the transition from the present state to Universal Human Order: a. At the level of the individual: as
socially and ecologically responsible engineers, technologists, and managers b. At the level of society:
as mutually enriching institutions and organizations - Sum up.
Practice Sessions / Exercises: Case Studies To discuss the conduct as an engineer or
scientist etc.

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of this course, the students:

CO1: Would become more aware of themselves, and their surroundings (family, society, nature).
CO2: Would become more responsible in life, and in handling problems with sustainable solutions, while
keeping human relationships and human nature in mind.
CO3: Would have better critical ability.
CO4: Would become sensitive to their commitment towards what they have understood (human
values, human relationship, and human society).
CO5: Would be able to apply what they have learnt to their own self in different day-to-day settings in
real life, at least a beginning would be made in this direction.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. R R Gaur, R Sangal, G P Bagaria, Human Values and Professional Ethics, Excel Books,
New Delhi,Second Edition 2019.

REFERENCES:
1. Nagaraj A, Jeevan Vidya: Ek Parichaya Jeevan Vidya Prakashan, Amarkantak, 1999.
2. E.F Schumacher, Small is Beautiful, Vintage classics, London, 1993.
 3. A. N. Tripathi, Human Values, New Age Intl. Publishers, New Delhi, Third Edition 2020.

4. Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, India Wins Freedom, Oriental blackswan private limited,
Hyderabad, 2020

5. Mahatma Gandhi, Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule, Maheswari Publications, Delhi 2020.

6. Romain Rolland, The life of Vivekananda and the universal gospel, Publication house of
Ramakrishna Math, Kolkata, Thirty second edition 2018.

7. Romain Rolland, Mahatma Gandhi: The man who become one with the universal being, Srishti
Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, Sixth Edition 2013.
8. Dennis P Heaton, The story of stuff. (2010): 553-556.
9. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, The story of my experiments with truth: An auto biography
Om Books International, 2018.
10. Cecile Andrews, Slow is beautiful: new visions of community, leisure, and joie de vivre, New
society publishers, 2006.
11. Joseph Cornelius Kumarappa, The economy of permanence. CP, All India Village Industries
Assn., 1946.

COURSE
COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE

22MA402 PROBABILITY AND RANDOM PROCESSES 3 0 2 4

(Theory course with laboratory component)
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The course is designed to:
 Provide the necessary basic concepts of random variables and to introduce some
standard distributions.
 Understand the classification of random processes.
 Introduce the concept of auto correlation, cross correlation, and its spectral densities.
 Acquire the knowledge of linear system with random inputs.
UNIT I ONE-DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES 15

Basic probability definitions- Independent events- Conditional probability (revisit) - Random variable
-Discrete and continuous random variables - Moments - Moment generating functions - Binomial,
Poisson, Geometric, Uniform, Exponential and Normal distributions.
List of Exercise/Experiments using MATLAB/ R Programming:

1. Finding probability of DRV and CRV.

2. Finding mean, variance and MGF.
3. Using distributions to find probability value.
UNIT II TWO-DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES 15
Joint distributions - Marginal and conditional distributions - Covariance - Correlation and linear
regression - Transformation of random variables.
List of Exercise/Experiments using MATLAB/ R Programming:
1. Determine mean values using regression.
2. Solving correlation problems
3. Finding covariance.
UNIT III RANDOM PROCESSES 15

Classification - Stationary process - Poisson process - Markov process -Discrete time Markov chain-
Random telegraph process.

List of Exercise/Experiments using MATLAB/ R Programming:

1. Determine asymptotic behaviour of Markov chain.
2. Solving Poisson process problems.
3. To test the stationary of a random process
UNIT IV CORRELATION AND SPECTRAL DENSITIES 15

Auto correlation functions - Cross correlation functions - Properties - Power spectral density
(continuous)- Cross spectral density (continuous) - Properties.

List of Exercise/Experiments using MATLAB/ R Programming:

1. Calculating auto correlation.

2. Finding PSD of a signal.
3. To estimate cross spectral density.
UNIT V LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH RANDOM INPUTS 15

Linear time invariant system - System transfer function - Linear systems with random inputs - Auto correlation
and cross correlation functions of input and output.

List of Exercise/Experiments using MATLAB/ R Programming:

1. Construct linear time invariant models.
2. Problem with phase of a transfer function.
3. Create random input signal.

TOTAL: 75 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the course, the students will be able to:
CO1: Calculate the statistical measures of standard distributions.
CO2: Compute the correlation & regression for two dimensional random variables.
CO3: Find the steady state probabilities of the Markov chain.
CO4: Estimate the auto correlation and its power spectral densities of the random processes.
CO5: Determine the output power spectral density of linear system with random inputs.
TEXT BOOKS:
 1. R.D. Yates and D.J. Goodman, Probability and Stochastic Processes, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 3rd
Edition, 2021.
2. O.C. Ibe, Fundamentals of Applied Probability and Random Processes, 2nd Edition, Elsevier,
2019.
REFERENCES:

1. G.R. Cooper and C.D. McGillem, Probabilistic Methods of Signal and System Analysis, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi, 3rd Indian Edition, 2012.
2. Hwei Hsu, Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Probability, Random
Variables and Random Processes, Tata McGraw Hill Edition, New Delhi, 2004.
3. S.L. Miller and D.G. Childers, Probability and Random Processes with Applications to
Signal Processing and Communications, Academic Press, 2nd Edition 2012.
4. H. Stark. and J.W. Woods, Probability and Random Processes with Applications to
Signal Processing, Pearson Education, Asia, 3rd Edition, 2002.
5. P.Z. Peebles,Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles, Tata McGraw
Hill, 4th Edition, New Delhi, 2002.

COURSE CODE
COURSE TITLE L T P C
CONTROL ENGINEERING
22EC401 3 0 2 4
(Theory course with laboratory component)
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To determine the transfer function models of mechanical and electrical systems
 To develop adequate knowledge in the time response of systems and steady state error
analysis
 To analyze the open loop and closed loop frequency response of linear systems
 To design the compensators for Linear Systems
 To estimate stability for Linear Systems
 To make use of state variable representation of physical systems
UNIT I MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PHYSICAL SYSTEMS 9+6
Basic elements in control systems: Open and closed loop systems – Mathematical model and Electrical
analogy of mechanical systems – Transfer function – Block diagram reduction techniques – Signal
flow graphs - Applications of Control system.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Determine the transfer function of the given closed loop system using MATLAB
2. Implement unity and non-unity feedback system using MATLAB.

UNIT II TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS 9+6

Time response: Time domain specifications – Types of test input – I and II order system response
– Error coefficients – Generalized error series – Steady state error – Effects of P, PI, PID modes of
feedback control

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
3. Estimate the unit step response of the given transfer function and determine its time
domain parameters using MATLAB.
4. Determine the steady state error of the given transfer function using MATLAB.
5. Simulate P, PD, PI, PID controller and verify by using hardware.
UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS 9+6

Frequency response analysis – Bode plot – Polar plot. Determination of closed loop response from
open loop response –M and N circles. Correlation between frequency domain and time domain
specifications.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
6. Perform stability analysis of a given transfer function using gain and phase margins
estimated by the Bode plot using MATLAB.
7. Estimate the relative stability of a given transfer function using gain and phase margins
estimated by the Polar plot using MATLAB.

UNIT IV STABILITY AND COMPENSATOR DESIGN 9+6

Characteristics equation – Routh Hurwitz criterion- Root locus construction – Effect of Lag, lead and
lag-lead compensation on frequency response - Design of Lag, lead and lag lead compensator using
bode plots.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
8. Sketch the root locus of the given transfer function and locate the closed loop poles for
different values of open loop gain (K) using MATLAB.

UNIT V STATE VARIABLE AND STATE SPACE MODELLING 9+6

Concept of state variables – State models for linear and time invariant Systems – Solution of state
and output equation in controllable canonical form – Concepts of controllability and observability.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
9. Construct the State space model for the classical transfer function using MATLAB.
10. Perform analytical study of water flow measurement using flow meter.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS(THEORY) +30 PERIODS (LAB)=75 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the course, the students will be able to:
CO1: Develop mathematical model of linear mechanical and electrical systems
CO2: Model the time response analysis of first and second order systems
CO3: Analyze the frequency response of open and closed loop systems
CO4: Design the compensators for Linear Systems
CO5: Analyze stability methods for Linear Systems
CO6: Examine the state variables, controllability and observability of linear and time invariant systems
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Nagarath,I.J. and Gopal,M., Control Systems Engineering, Sixth Edition, New Age
InternationalPublishers, 2017.
2. Benjamin C.Kuo, Automatic Control Systems, Ninth Edition, Wiley, 2014.

REFERENCES:
 1. M.Gopal, Control System: Principle and Design, Fourth Edition, McGraw Hill Education,
2018.
2. Katsuhiko Ogata, Modern Control Engineering, Fifth Edition, Pearson, 2015.
3. Prof.S.D.Agashe, NPTEL Video Lecture Notes on Control Engineering, IIT Bombay.

4. S.K.Bhattacharya ,Control Systems Engineering, First Edition, Pearson, 2018.

5. Houpis C H and Sheldon S N ,Linear Control System Analysis and Design with MATLAB
Fifth Edition, CRC Press Taylor and Francis, 2014.

COURSE CODE
COURSE TITLE L T P C
LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
22EC402 3 0 2 4
(Theory course with laboratory component)
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To describe the characteristics of operational amplifiers.
 To design Op–amp circuits for linear and nonlinear applications.
 To comprehend the working principles of ADC and DAC.
 To investigate the functions and applications of analog multipliers and PLLs.
 To construct different waveform generators and voltage regulators.
UNIT I OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER CHARACTERISTICS 9+6
Advantages of ICs over discrete components, Classification, Basic information about Op-amps –
Ideal Op- amp Characteristics, Equivalent Circuit, Internal circuit diagrams of IC 741, Open and
Closed loop configurations of IC 741, DC and AC performance characteristics and its compensation
techniques, Slew Rate.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Design and Testing of
1. Inverting, Non inverting amplifier, Differential amplifiers.
UNIT II APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 9+6
Linear Applications: Adder, Subtractor, Instrumentation Amplifier, Integrator, Differentiator, Non-
linear Applications: Logarithmic Amplifier, Antilogarithmic Amplifier, Comparators, Schmitt trigger,
Active Filters: First order and Higher order Low- Pass, High-Pass and Band-Pass Butterworth Filters.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Design and Testing of
2. Integrator, Differentiator, Schmitt Trigger using Op-amp.
3. Instrumentation amplifier using Op-amp - PSPICE
4. Active low-pass, High-pass and band-pass filters - PSPICE

UNIT III ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS 9+6

Analog and Digital Data Conversions, D/A converter – specifications - weighted resistor type, R- 2R
Ladder type, Voltage Mode and Current Mode R-2R Ladder types -A/D Converters – specifications
- Flash type - Successive Approximation type - Single Slope and Dual Slope.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Design and Testing of
5. R-2R Ladder Type D-A Converter using Op-amp - PSPICE
 UNIT IV ANALOG MULTIPLIER AND PLL 9+6
Analog Multiplier ICs and their applications, PLL: Operation of the basic PLL, closed loop analysis,
Voltage Controlled Oscillator IC 566, Monolithic PLL IC 565, application of PLL:FM Demodulator,
FSK Demodulator, Frequency synthesizing and clock synchronization.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Design and Testing of
6. PLL Characteristics IC565.
7. Frequency Synthesizer using IC 565.

UNIT V WAVEFORM GENERATORS AND VOLTAGE REGULATORS 9+6

Waveform generators: Sine-wave generators – RC phase shift and Wien Bridge Oscillator- Triangular
wave generator, IC 555 Timer and its modes of operation, Fixed voltage regulator– LM317 Adjustable
voltage regulator- IC723 general purpose regulator
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Design and Testing of
8. Phase shift and Wien bridge oscillators using Op-amp.
9. Voltage regulator-IC723
10. Astable and Monostable multivibrators using NE555 Timer - PSPICE

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS(THEORY) +30 PERIODS (LAB) = 75 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the course, the students will be able to:

CO1: Express the AC and DC characteristics of Op-amp with its compensation techniques.
CO2: Elucidate the functions of Op-amp in linear and nonlinear applications.
CO3: Classify and comprehend the working principle of data converters.
CO4: Illustrate the function of application specific ICs such as, Analog Multiplier,
PLL and its applications.
CO5: Comprehend the effect of voltage regulators in power supply.
CO6: Design and evaluate various waveform generator circuits using Op-amp.
TEXT BOOKS:
th
1. 1.D.Roy Choudhry, Shail B Jain, Linear Integrated Circuits, 5 Edition, New Age
2. International Pvt. Ltd., 2020.
3. 2. Sergio Franco, Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits,4th
4. Edition, TMH, 2016.

REFERENCES:
 1. Ramakant A. Gayakwad, Op-amp and Linear ICs, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall /Pearson
Education,2015.

2. Robert F.Coughlin, Frederick F.Driscoll, Operational Amplifiers and LinearIntegrated

Circuits, 6th Edition, PHI, 2015.

3. Gray and Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, 5th Edition,Wiley
International, 2009.

4. William D.Stanley, Operational Amplifiers with Linear Integrated Circuits, 4th Edition,
Pearson Education, 2004.

5. Salivahanan S and Kanchana Bhaaskaran V S, Linear Integrated Circuits, 3rdEdition,

McGraw Hill Education, 2018.

COURSE CODE
COURSE TITLE L T P C
ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
22EC403 3 0 2 4
(Theory course with laboratory component)
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To discuss the concepts of various AM modulation schemes and their spectral characteristics
 To describe the Generation and Detection of Frequency Modulation.
 To explain the performance of various Pulse coding Techniques.
 To learn principles of different pass band transmission schemes
 To calculate required parameters of Source and channel coding Techniques
 To visualize the effects of sampling and Digital Modulations Schemes

UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATION 9+6

Need for Modulation, Amplitude modulation – frequency spectrum of AM– Power and current in AM
wave – Generation of AM signal – AM Emitter Modulator and Collector Modulator, AM demodulation
- Envelope, DSB-SC, SSB-SC & VSB generation and demodulation modulation, Synchronous
detection, Comparison of AM modulation systems.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. AM Modulator and Demodulator
UNIT II ANGLE MODULATION 9+6
Principle of frequency and phase modulation – Relation between FM and PM waves –– Narrow band
and wide band FM, Carson’s rule, Frequency deviation, Bandwidth of FM – Direct and Indirect
Methods of FM Generation - FM detectors – slope detectors, Phase discriminators, Ratio detectors,
PLL Demodulators . Pre- emphasis and De-emphasis, Comparison of AM and FM. Super-heterodyne
receiver (AM and FM)
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
2. FM Modulator and Demodulator.

UNIT III PULSE MODULATION SYSTEMS 9+6

Block Diagram of digital communication system, Sampling – Quantization – Uniform & nonuniform
quantization. – Quantization noise- Companding (A law and µ law) – Pulse Code Modulation
(PCM), Differential pulse code modulation-Delta modulation and Adaptive Delta Modulation.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
3. Signal Sampling and reconstruction
4. Pulse Code Modulation and Demodulation
5. Delta Modulation and Demodulation

UNIT IV DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES 9+6

Geometric Representation of signals - Generation and detection of coherent systems -BASK, BFSK,
BPSK, QPSK, QAM, and Comparison of all digital Modulation Techniques.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
6. Simulation of ASK, FSK, and BPSK generation schemes
7. Simulation of ASK, FSK and BPSK detection schemes
8. Simulation of QPSK and QAM generation schemes
9. Simulation of signal constellations of BPSK, QPSK and QAM

UNIT V SOURCE AND CHANNEL CODING 9+6

Definition of - Discrete Memoryless source, Information, Entropy, Channel Capacity -Hartley law,
Shannon law, Source coding theorem -Shannon Fano & Huffman codes. Channel coding theorem -
Linear Block codes.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
10. Simulation of Linear Block
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS(THEORY) +30 PERIODS (LAB)=75 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the course, the students will be able to:

CO1: Compare the Spectral efficiency of various Amplitude Modulation Schemes.

CO2: Summarize the concepts of Generation and Detection of Frequency Modulation
CO3: Demonstrate the performance of various Pulse coding Techniques.
CO4: Differentiate the different pass band transmission schemes
CO5: Construct different Source and Error control codes
CO6: Implement different Digital modulation schemes and coding techniques
using simulation software
TEXT BOOKS:
1.Wayne Tomasi, Advanced Electronic Communications Systems, 6th Edition, Pearson
New International Edition, Noida, India, 2014.

2. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems,5th Edition, Wiley, 2021.

REFERENCES:
1. Sanjay Sharma, Communication Systems (Analog and digital), 7th Edition, S.K. Kataria & Sons,
2022.
2. Roddy and Coolen, Electronic Communication, 4th Edition, Pearson Education, Noida, India,
2014.
3. Herbert Taub and Donald Schilling, Principles of Communication Systems, 4th Edition,
McGraw Hill, 2017.
4. HweiKsu and Debjani Mitra, Analog and Digital Communication: Schaum’s Outline
Series, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill Education, New Delhi, India., 2017.