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Computer - Applications

In this chapter, we will discuss the application of computers in various fields.

Business

A computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or

versatility which has made it an integrated part in all business organizations.

Computer is used in business organizations for −

Payroll calculations
Budgeting
Sales analysis
Financial forecasting
Managing employee database
Maintenance of stocks, etc.

Banking

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Today, banking is almost totally dependent on computers.

Banks provide the following facilities −

Online accounting facility, which includes checking current balance, making

deposits and overdrafts, checking interest charges, shares, and trustee
records.

ATM machines which are completely automated are making it even easier for
customers to deal with banks.

Insurance

Insurance companies are keeping all records up-to-date with the help of computers.
Insurance companies, finance houses, and stock broking firms are widely using
computers for their concerns.

Insurance companies are maintaining a database of all clients with information

showing −

Procedure to continue with policies

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Starting date of the policies

Next due installment of a policy

Maturity date

Interests due
Survival benefits

Bonus

Education

The computer helps in providing a lot of facilities in the education system.

The computer provides a tool in the education system known as CBE

(Computer Based Education).
CBE involves control, delivery, and evaluation of learning.
Computer education is rapidly increasing the graph of number of computer
students.

There are a number of methods in which educational institutions can use a

computer to educate the students.

It is used to prepare a database about performance of a student and analysis

is carried out on this basis.

Marketing
In marketing, uses of the computer are following −

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Advertising − With computers, advertising professionals create art and

graphics, write and revise copy, and print and disseminate ads with the goal
of selling more products.

Home Shopping − Home shopping has been made possible through the use
of computerized catalogues that provide access to product information and
permit direct entry of orders to be filled by the customers.

Healthcare
Computers have become an important part in hospitals, labs, and dispensaries. They
are being used in hospitals to keep the record of patients and medicines. It is also
used in scanning and diagnosing different diseases. ECG, EEG, ultrasounds and CT
scans, etc. are also done by computerized machines.

Following are some major fields of health care in which computers are used.

Diagnostic System − Computers are used to collect data and identify the
cause of illness.
Lab-diagnostic System − All tests can be done and the reports are
prepared by computer.

Patient Monitoring System − These are used to check the patient's signs
for abnormality such as in Cardiac Arrest, ECG, etc.

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Pharma Information System − Computer is used to check drug labels,

expiry dates, harmful side effects, etc.

Surgery − Nowadays, computers are also used in performing surgery.

Engineering Design
Computers are widely used for Engineering purpose.

One of the major areas is CAD (Computer Aided Design) that provides creation and
modification of images. Some of the fields are −

Structural Engineering − Requires stress and strain analysis for design of

ships, buildings, budgets, airplanes, etc.

Industrial Engineering − Computers deal with design, implementation, and

improvement of integrated systems of people, materials, and equipment.

Architectural Engineering − Computers help in planning towns, designing

buildings, determining a range of buildings on a site using both 2D and 3D
drawings.

Military

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Computers are largely used in defence. Modern tanks, missiles, weapons, etc.
Military also employs computerized control systems. Some military areas where a
computer has been used are −

Missile Control

Military Communication
Military Operation and Planning

Smart Weapons

Communication
Communication is a way to convey a message, an idea, a picture, or speech that is
received and understood clearly and correctly by the person for whom it is meant.
Some main areas in this category are −

E-mail

Chatting
Usenet
FTP

Telnet
Video-conferencing

Government
Computers play an important role in government services. Some major fields in this
category are −

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Budgets
Sales tax department
Income tax department

Computation of male/female ratio

Computerization of voters lists
Computerization of PAN card

Weather forecasting

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