Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01
MIS Unit 01
There are systems of control over the use of IT resources and the
feedback system offers useful clues for increasing the benefits of information
systems to business. The business information systems are sub-systems of
business system and by themselves serve the function of feedback and control in
business system.
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MBA 2nd Semester, Management Information System
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Data
4. Procedures
5. People
6. Feedback
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MBA 2nd Semester, Management Information System
1. Hardware
Hardware means equipment and machinery. This category encompasses
the computer and all of its supporting equipment in modern information
systems. The supporting devices contain input and output devices,
communication devices and storage device. Hardware in pre-computer
information systems may contain ledger books and ink.
2. Software
In an information system, software means computer programs as well as
the manuals which support them. Computer program means the machine-
readable instructions that tell circuitry in the system's hardware to work to
generate helpful information from the data. In most cases, programs are stored
on an input/output medium, such as a tape or disk. The software which is for
pre-computer information systems comprised instruction for using them means
the guidebook for a card cata log and the information regarding how the
hardware was configured for use such as columns headings in the ledger book.
3. Data
Data means facts that systems use to generate valuable knowledge. Data
is usually stored in machine-readable form on tape or disk until the computer
requires them. The data in pre-computer information systems is usually stored
in a human-readable format.
4. Procedures
Procedures mean rules which govern how an operation is performed in
information system. "Procedures are for people what software is for hardware"
is a general analogy that we used to clarify the importance of procedures in a
system.
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MBA 2nd Semester, Management Information System
5. People
Every system requires individuals if the system is to be beneficial. People
are often the most neglected part of the system, and they are possibly the factor
that has the greatest impact on the success or failure of information systems.
This contains clients, yet additionally the individuals who operate as well as
service the computers, those who support the network of computers, and the
individuals who keep up the information.
6. Feedback
Communication
Using information technology, instant messaging, emails, voice, and
video calls, communication become inexpensive, faster, and effective.
Availability
With the help of the Information system, it is possible for businesses
around the world to be open around the clock. This implies that a business can
be open anytime, anyplace, making buys from various nations simpler and more
helpful. It likewise implies that you can have your products delivered right to
your doorstep without making more effort.
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MBA 2nd Semester, Management Information System
Introduction to Databases
For instance, a college will have to keep the information about its students, including
roll number, name, age, blood group, etc. The college will also need to keep the details of the
professors and infrastructure. The details, which the college has, can be stored in a database
named College, or if it is just the student details, then it can be named Students. All such
details should be in a structured format, such as tables, in a hierarchy.
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MBA 2nd Semester, Management Information System
It does not matter if it is a large or small DBMS, with its help, we can store and retrieve data
and make changes whenever we want to.
Some commands are predefined in DBMS, and these commands can be used to manipulate
the database. These commands are also the interface between the database and end-users to
establish communication.
Components of DBMS
Hardware – Hardware includes the actual physical computer system that is used to access the
database. Mainframes to microcomputers are utilized in DBMS. Oftentimes large storage
devices are used to store the huge amount of data.
Software – The DBMS is the Software here. It helps connect the physical database to the end
users. Whenever a user wants to access the database, access has to be granted by the software.
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MBA 2nd Semester, Management Information System
Procedures – All the instructions that are given to access the DBMS, fall under Procedures.
From installing DBMS, to generating reports, all of these instructions are a part of the
procedures involved in DBMS.
Data – Data is the information that is managed by DBMS. DBMS helps in managing data and
easing access to useful information. Meta data, the information stored in DBMS for better
comprehension of the data, is also stored in DBMS itself.
Database Access Language – The language that is used to write commands on the DBMS to
access, utilize, manage, update and delete data, is called the Database Access Language.
Commands are written using the Database Access Language and submitted to the DBMS so
they can be executed by the DBMS.
Types of DBMS
1. Hierarchical databases
2. Network databases
3. Relational databases (RDBMS)
4. Object-oriented databases
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MBA 2nd Semester, Management Information System
Now, we have a fair idea about what DBMS is and the kind of versatility it provides to
developers. DBMS software can be used differently as there are various DBMS architectures.
Choosing a DBMS completely depends on end-user goals. Choosing the right DBMS for an
application will provide an edge that can make the application work seamlessly.
Application of DBMS
Sector Application
Universities Student information, courses, grades, etc.
Sales Customer information, sales, etc.
Finance Stock information, sales, bonds, etc.
Banking Customer information, account, activities, deposits, loans, etc.
Manufacturing Production information, suppliers, inventories, etc.
Airlines Customer information, schedules, reservations, etc.
HR Management Employee information, payroll, deduction, pay checks, etc.
Telecommunication Call records, bills, usage, etc.
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MBA 2nd Semester, Management Information System
Advantages of DBMS
Various formats of data can be stored, and data can be retrieved by a range of
methods in the Structured Query Language.
As most databases are usually centralized in nature, they can be accessed quickly and
managed easily.
We can set authorized users who can view, share, and access data. This ensures
security for data.
DBMS facilitates the smooth incorporation of programming languages, such as C++,
Python, and PHP, to allow users to establish a connection with a web application or
third-party applications.
To prevent data from being inaccessible when there is an overload, a recovery system
with automated backups is provided by almost every DBMS software.
With minimum data duplicity and redundancy, DBMS provides data protection and
integrity.
Disadvantages of DBMS
In some cases, DBMSs are highly complicated systems to set up and maintain.
The cost of DBMS hardware and applications is comparatively high, exhausting an
organization‟s budget.
In certain organizations, all information is integrated into a common database, which
may get destroyed due to electrical issues or it may get corrupted in storage media.
Having backups is preferred in such situations but that increases the cost.
Certain DBMS systems cannot run complex queries as they slow down the other
processes that are running.
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