Sampling MethodologyDefinition of SRS Simple Random Sampling (SRS) is a method of selecting the units (samples) from population where each population unit has an equal chance of being selected in the sample + Simple random sampling forms the basis of most of the sampling designs + Simple random sampling is always an Equal Probability Sampling (EPS) design + SRS is applicable when population is small, homogeneous & readily availableExamples of SRS + The PBS is planning to identify the reasons for not paying electric bill by some customers regularly in Savar Upazila. The authority has a list of 5,000 non-payers of bills. A SRS of customers may be taken to know the reasons + The DMCH authority is interested to know the level of satisfaction of their patients admitted over the last three months. The inpatient register has a record of 3,000 patients and a SRS of patients may be drawn to evaluate patient's satisfaction + The bKash wants to know the amount (in TK) of transactions per agent per day in Nabinagar area. It has a list of 1,200 agents in the study area. A SRS of agents may be selected to come to a conclusionReplacement of Selected Units Sampling schemes may be without replacement (‘WOR’) or with replacement (WR) + Simple Random Sampling with replacement (SRSWR): In SRSWR, the units are drawn one by one from the population and each selected unit is replaced back to the population before executing the next draw + Simple Random Sampling without replacement (SRSWOR): In SRSWOR, the units are drawn one by one from the population and each selected unit is not replaced back to the population before executing the next drawDrawing a SRS To ensure randomness in the selection, the method of selection must be independent of human judgment. There are two basic procedures: + Lottery method + Random numbers method Examples......Steps in drawing a SRS + Assign serial numbers to the units in the population from 1 through N * Decide on the random number table to be used * Chose a random number, which is < N + Move on the next random number not exceeding N + If any random number if repeated, discard it + The process stops as soon as the desired sample size is achieved Computer generated random numbers can also be used. MS Excel command: =RANDBETWEEN(1, N)Drawing a SRS -- Example Random numbers os m 2 16 20 oe 10 o 10 06 2 rE i it L x Joey ma Shanes Saja Hse [ne RocieatAum Ra A EDT FINEE [seu Sil Atm & Bs oro00101659 [ssnane Dae 2orswa1010n [Ne Al rb + Select 5 students from the first page of the attendance register + Who are selected? + Find at least two problems with this process SLES EE YD altNumber of possible samples + In SRSWR: Number of possible samples= )V” + In SRSWOR: Number of possible sample = »- _ N Excel command: ca =COMBIN(N,n) Here, N = population size n= sample sizeEstimation of population characteristics in SRS Estimating en mean, total, variance and standard deviation (for SRSWOR) x, + Sample mean: Y-r- = n : Ne + Total: X =Nx=—)'x, nia + Sample variance: == -v(x)=s° = + Sample standard deviation: Positive square root of the sample variance, i.e, Vs*Estimation of population characteristics in SRS Variance and Standard Error of sample mean (for SRSWOR) 3 + Variance of sample mean: v(¥)= = a 2) * Standard Error of mean: — SE(¥)=,/v(x) here, f=n/N is called sampling fraction (1-f) is called finite population correction (fpc)