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ARP and ICMP

The document discusses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) which compensates for the lack of error reporting and host/management queries in the IP protocol. ICMP messages are divided into error-reporting messages and query messages, with the error messages reporting problems in processing IP packets and query messages helping get specific information between hosts/routers.

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avantika bisht
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38 views13 pages

ARP and ICMP

The document discusses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) which compensates for the lack of error reporting and host/management queries in the IP protocol. ICMP messages are divided into error-reporting messages and query messages, with the error messages reporting problems in processing IP packets and query messages helping get specific information between hosts/routers.

Uploaded by

avantika bisht
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARP

and
ICMP
ARP operation
ARP packet
Encapsulation of ARP packet
Four cases using ARP
ICMP
The IP protocol has no error-reporting or
error-correcting mechanism. The IP protocol also lacks
a mechanism for host and management queries. The
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) has been
designed to compensate for the above two deficiencies.
It is a companion to the IP protocol.
The IPv4 has no error-reporting or error-correcting mechanism. What
happens if something goes wrong?
• What happens if a router must discard a datagram because it cannot
find a route to the final destination, or because the time-to-live field
has a zero value?
• What happens if the final destination host must discard the received
fragments of a datagram because it has not received all fragments
within a predetermined time limit?
• These are examples of situations where an error has occurred and the
IP protocol has no built-in mechanism to notify the original host.
• The IP protocol also lacks a mechanism for host and management
queries. A host sometimes needs to determine if a router or another
host is alive. And sometimes a network manager needs information
from another host or router
ICMP messages are divided into two broad categories:
• error-reporting messages
• query messages.
The error-reporting messages report problems that a router or a host
(destination) may encounter when it processes an IP packet.

The query messages, which occur in pairs, help a host or a network


manager get specific information from a router or another host.
General format of ICMP messages
General format of ICMP messages
Error-reporting messages
Note

Important points about ICMP error messages:


❏ No ICMP error message will be generated in
response to a datagram carrying an ICMP error
message.
❏ No ICMP error message will be generated for a
fragmented datagram that is not the first fragment.
❏ No ICMP error message will be generated for a
datagram having a multicast address.
❏ No ICMP error message will be generated for a
datagram having a special address such as
127.0.0.0 or 0.0.0.0.
Query messages

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