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Dip Assignment 3

A brain tumor is a growth of abnormal cells in the brain. The anatomy of the brain is very complex, with different parts responsible for different nervous system functions. Brain tumors can develop in any part of the brain or skull, including its protective lining, the underside of the brain (skull base), the

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26 views12 pages

Dip Assignment 3

A brain tumor is a growth of abnormal cells in the brain. The anatomy of the brain is very complex, with different parts responsible for different nervous system functions. Brain tumors can develop in any part of the brain or skull, including its protective lining, the underside of the brain (skull base), the

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hananth1513
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+ Explain the Concept 6 —Histogrran oe lgnment-~03 — [Prtiistogram kqualisedtion Male Consider -for @ moment continuous intensity anol let ~the vosfable + clenote —the ertensitics , BE Ges (processedtiitfissure that” i ip Thal i” with a=0 eis tig blacat.and, “etal euecare! uthite. For | & Plot — of | to ay hiateg eer perpen ty ves fu ct ar) ™ ee | the ali « >A) | BY 2 Fe) |i Se ee Jae a | a 0.142, 7: | fan jo of _fronsformation 19 * histogra,.\ is a | the transtoxmadion TCtk) fe called ry | eqpalistion for) histogram Ivneayisation . the inve-se “transfers mation {rom S back | denotes by ke FS) kao : ations 2 Eiplain the concept of rey level bipaag Siti t sae Some basic — intensi. “transformation alba ey “Transformation | Gyre levet Transformation: From the ‘imtvoduction Ce ‘intensit transforma. ons Consicley below fig @) which shows “three basic types of -functions used for image | try Lineas Cnepative & ident; ci) deqontithmic Clog & invegse tq ‘transfoxmations) en hancement. wi “transfos mation :) CHI) Power — tase Gi soae i) atMpoicay tiv) The identi t —function is ttivial Ge aq tahich olp : invensi tie, le Mile coh tp i, i eo { al a : % & aula a ee 0, % ae % la tf / ott j oO pe et me la uy, 3L/4 L-) Doput intensit level + qa? Bosic Botensity stranefornation function, pinege Nesecuier= | Negatives Of) a digital imogei ae sucful Gp nume tous applications Such as displ meclical images and photo rap hin @ Screen writ monochrome positive “Files with tht idea of usin the et negatives as Normal tinge with ey level in +h glide. The Negative of an | a Co,L-') is a the “(ie reas: ismation obtained b shown 19. ei ‘ eee bot a 7 Trantformactions:- er oe eee figta) is S-¢ logti+™) where is Constant, & it tthe shape of the foci Ct? Bid this transfoarnartion poss) aa. re ‘ is assumed sthat — shows rt maps @ | = ns of — Value n ee wider hs ft | OPPos; 12) ein oF fia Valen ote (geet te. Site i chest function hee tee important Ape act. : : * $ —the dynam! wange of imac, \tie hae compresses ] ; sith large variation 0 pixel RA wo [> Contrast ee } low Contrast images can Tesult “from poor | stu ination lack of dynamic range io the jemging eneog OT even = 6UaMeG Settin: of @ lene aperture aN ote acqulleae Ne dees | peniod Contrast gtrect ching iss jpecae Me clynaenie nange of the 7 levels i ~the igege ay processed, antes FY jel $ ilp iar evel, a1 iia form ‘of —Trarkformartion function tthe location of poink (11,3). and c7%9,8,) control’ the shape Of “the transformation function. Mie t= 42, S40) Sy-b-1, the -branefor mation becomes a Bees function’ that Creates a ae image. ere 2 ayes. 6 tsumed So that, the eee function is Sfogle Vatued & cs a a increasing, this Condition reserves the ores Of ar levels, thus venti Creation oF findoos ity arthiteck fo ae i a" ae is Sette “tghlightin a Specific sang ae ; : ( ee ie MOE Denes often. is jof) interes’ FPP re . in geeteliin, enhancin features Such as masses of water i ? & aes 5) tages TPE ede enhancin flows in x-¥ a) we Process often called — intensity - level ste several at a" level slicing, but most of “them Qte — Vayiation of two basic -themes- ie | ms Eo 5 | 5 1 i ; \ ; | g ar. Bi ee | eo ° ee 4 fig la> Transformation function figet @ transformation that pignlig hes a ange [A,B] Of hy. biignis a Tange LA, 8) Of | intensities while “diminishin inFensitics but * presen ves all gther to a anstant level atl others glicin, ac: ay level slicing (om nye # Bit - plane eerie Pixel: Barre saa num bers Composed of bits For example the intenst of each pixel in a as6-tevel gray - scale image 16 Composed of 6 obits Instead of fighighting piety ae 4s blah anne the CoAsbtuc Contribution Mode to total Image Oppearan ce Doe Specific bits pigs be ecivecd., ESS. -....- et aa émost SIAM Fi can, v Cleast sip Cant) fig Bit plone, tepresentation of an 6-bit digital icra Explain “the Concept of enhancement in ee domain using lowpass filters? enhancement in ra domain me lous D> Pm Poss Visser - domain where techniques in preg ene 3. Filterins we in low pass -filtex. ae & other Shasp intensity transition, in an large Contribute Signif- Content of its Cantly) +0 the a Tee fourier transform. Hence Smovthing is achieved ‘in -the oad clomain high iad Attenuation i-¢, by low pass filters “WE Consider three typts of filtess f-e) ideal, bEterworth , gaussian. The butter omth filter has a Poameter called -the “filler ‘ovdey. it Pckal leo pass -filter> A a-D LPF -that Passes Without atttenua- fion all frequencies with in a cinelé of yaolius oy com te origin & “cub off’ all -frequencies ‘Outside this Civcle 18 called an ideal LPF. BC { 1 if ocuwyeie 6 (ft OCu,v) tam Ro distance De ieear Vc ant Bee j demain & etwWleen a point Cu,v) 79 tig center of Ent peetogi hey Duy) = [curry + CV -8l2> perspective plot of HtUs vy) and filter aisplay eal as an Tale Veal indicates “thot all -frequencies 00 of acti De axe Passed! with- ae outside comtant Ae shows o b 46 shows the the name or ‘inside a citcle out attenuation, whereas all chil fe cineles are: Coa c attenuated. Hew) ees [2 f Butterworth ore. the transfer -function of o order n & worth cut-off “erties |) Do for =~ the origin is defined as HCu,v) = ee ee ea) ue fo cu) de]? Butter worth LPF at a distance [ow ples Cv- eh) ) Ye the below oe cH ee oe Se e ie is ie | v , [acu cs ig? > pighe A GPLE of ordex 4 hay 0 ee tble gpatiat domain. Ringin nee ie ee : St nit filters of onder 2, but can become ¢ feant jn filters of higher ound A Gausian loco pus filter 5 a - ven 4 Gaussian* LPF in 00 dimensions is. (8 =pCuv)!2 o> Hu) = Pics, we Deway fh distince -from, the, meg aliriaea( of. spread about ~the_ o> OH) svectangle. T 1S a | measure Center. a letting (7=De we con capress the —filter usin the notation. 2, gee Cz) HG) = 6 ome’ Y) foes ae. bao “the pote fe a ; ce: O'sOre ee TePlinmax. Vestas. Hees xplai f; : . a Concept ef enhancement b Jomain usin high Pass -filtess? ls 9, i ¥ 3 / Penoge Enhancement io ~frauency Coe ae filters = oatenuati”? | fin image can be smoothed map ey Caeneoe te ote" pce Becaue edgu & other abrupt chinoeea antennitics lave associate with aah frequen Components. noes domain by gol can be Beene te ofa Bed pass wee |” which attenuates +the low Components porthout disturbing high freq fourier shaneforrn, Bbc (pore ae Lee a uency in-fotmation A tae pau fitter is a the cai ci tess cae tate in cu) ee et tere Fe | + Ideal 4 pase —filtes fh @-D ideal high pass ; js defined as HOU = me ie. Deu) < l ie oe) > Pa whee 15 the catopf Peper: p(uyw) = (cuties cv 26% 4 Butterworth i pus filter fae OD Gutfemoocth HPF Of oe OCS defined as : Cuk-Off Bi ae fo. nS ES rer “the gem eee °F fla shows ap ‘mage © Cas of BHPF une: jp High Poss fittest the. transfer ~function of —the a loceu at a’ distance p, from —the Centre ton. Section aussiag, HPF with ee is a4 ba, ef ety) yt. ec (Bp

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