St. Scholastica's College Tacloban, Inc.

Maharlika Highway, Brgy. Campetic, Palo, Leyte

The Effectiveness of the 4P’s program in Education for the beneficiaries in Zone

6, Brgy. Campetic, Palo, Leyte

Authors:

Dadizon, Lee Ann C.

Flores, Jerlyn Marie H.

Kilario, Andrea Lizette A.

Malbas, Aimar Jay R.

Tendido, Harriet Emmanuela P.

In Partial Fulfillment in

Practical Research 2

December 2023
 ABSTRACT

This research proposal aims to investigate the impact of the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program (4P's) on sustainable livelihoods and community development in the

Philippines. The 4P's, a government initiative, provides conditional cash transfers to low-

income households to enhance health, education, and well-being. While successful in

immediate needs, its potential for broader community development is underexplored. This

study proposes a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys on income,

education, and health with qualitative interviews for in-depth community dynamics analysis.

Objectives include assessing the program's effectiveness in breaking the poverty

cycle, evaluating its role in empowering beneficiaries for sustainable livelihoods, and

exploring educational impacts. The research aims to identify challenges and improvement

areas, providing insights for policymakers and stakeholders. By uncovering the multifaceted

impact, this study contributes valuable knowledge to poverty alleviation strategies in the

Philippines.

CHAPTER 1
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a conditional cash transfer

program in the Philippines. It is a Philippine government-run program that provides cash

grants to low-income households to improve their living conditions. According to the

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), it is a poverty reduction strategy

patterned after the successful Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program in Brazil, Latin

America and Africa, giving cash subsidies to the poorest household particularly with children

0-14 years old to help them improve their health, nutrition and education. Poverty is one of

the long-term, difficult struggles that the Philippines faces. It has been a hindrance to proper

development in different areas such as overall economic growth, education, health and the

like. The program has been running since its pilot launch during 2007 (Catubig et al., 2016)

and was officially set in motion during the month of February 2008 with an initial budget of

Php 1.2 billion (Reyes et al., 2020).

Poverty has always stricken the lives of many people across space and time. Various

strategies have been attempted in order to reduce the rising number of cases and impacts of

poverty. There are objectives of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program as stated by

DSWD, (1) To improve preventive health care among young children and pregnant women,

(2) To increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school, (3) To reduce the

incidence of child labor, (4) To raise the average consumption rate i food expenditure of poor

household; and (5) To encourage parents to invest in their children’s (and also their own)

human capital through investments in their health and nutrition, education, and participation

in community activities.
 Every Filipino household has their own setlist of their priorities; children education,

household expenses and health medications. Individually, we are aware of the importance of

education, particularly in our future careers. It is one of the keys to achieving success in life.

Graduating from high school can already provide an individual with a job; however,

graduating from college can also provide an individual with a job - albeit a more stable one.

But some young Filipinos are unable to attend school, despite their desire to go. Each of us

has a dream, and in order to achieve it, we must work hard in school. They cannot go to

school because they will rather work for their family to be able to get money than sit and

starve at school. They will rather go out and make ways to survive to feed themselves and

their families enough food for their stomach. As the famous quotation of our National Hero,

Dr. Jose Rizal says “Ang kabataan ang pag-asa ng bayan”, if translated to English, “Children

are the hopes of our country”. How can the children help the country if they cannot afford to

have a quality education, so it is just right that the government of the Philippines must help

these children in shaping their future, their dream rather, by providing them the good quality

education and health care.

One of the foundations of the human body is health. Health can be viewed as the

presence or absence of disease or medically measured risk factors in an individual. However,

more broadly, health is 'a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not

merely the absence of disease or infirmity' (WHO, 1946). As of August 2015, a total of

P27.15 billion cash grants were paid to eligible and compliant beneficiaries for the first to

third period of 2015 covering January to August disbursements. From this amount, P13.23

billion was paid for education, and the remaining P13.92 billion was disbursed for health.

(Official Gazette, 2015) Therefore, the implementation of the 4Ps program will help in

improving the health and nutrition of the Filipinos.

Human capital theory (Becker, 1964) serves as a foundational element in the

framework, emphasizing the role of education and health in fostering economic

development. The 4Ps program, by linking cash transfers to school attendance and

health check-ups, is expected to enhance the human capital of beneficiary

households, leading to improved long-term economic prospects.

Drawing on social exchange theory (Blau, 1964), the framework posits that

the 4Ps program creates a reciprocal relationship between the government and

beneficiaries. The provision of cash transfers is viewed as a form of social exchange,

influencing the behaviors and attitudes of recipients and contributing to positive

outcomes in education, health and overall well-being.

The Social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1968) is incorporated to explore the

role of observational learning and social interactions in shaping educational behavior.

The framework considers how the 4Ps program, through its conditional cash transfers,

influences the social environment and attitudes towards education with beneficiary

communities.

Statement of the Problem

1. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program (4Ps) in Zone 6 of Barangay Kauswagan, Campetic Palo, Leyte.

2. 4Ps is considered as one of the most generous and most expensive cash transfer

programs in the world. About 23% of the beneficiaries' income are being received

by the grantees on a bi-monthly basis (Canare, 2017).

3. The effectiveness of 4Ps in terms of education.

The aim of this study is to learn about the challenges and advantages faced by Zone 6,

Campetic, Leyte beneficiaries, who receive 4P (Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program)

support. The purpose of this study is to collect data on the strategies, specifically the 4P’s

program used by the Barangay Kauswagan, Campetic, Leyte to overcome obstacles,

particularly those related to ending severe poverty and providing financial support for their

academic pursuits. The study's conclusions will be advantageous to the following:

Families. They will gain from this, as they are the primary subject of this search.

Their ability to express their feelings, thoughts, and opinions will be aided by this

study. To enable them to communicate with the government and be heard.

Government. They will learn the truth about the beneficiaries' condition thanks to

this study. If the 4Ps are felt by the Filipinos who truly need them, they will be notified.

They will be able to determine whether the 4Ps were successful in decreasing poverty

based on the study's findings.

Scope and Delimitation

The researchers will gather data on 20 participants from Zone 6 of Brgy. Campetic,

Palo, Leyte with the supervision of five students under the STEM Strand of St. Scholastica’s

College Tacloban Inc. The participants are selected randomly in the condition of 4Ps

beneficiaries from the mentioned location. The purpose of this study is to determine the 4Ps

program's benefits to the involved children and its effectiveness on their education.
Definition of Terms

The following are defined to help with terms understanding.

4P’s (Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program)

 Is a human development measure of the national government that provides

conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor, to improve the health,

nutrition, and the education of children aged 0-18. It is patterned after the

conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes in Latin American and African

countries, which have lifted millions of people around the world from

poverty.

Academic Performance

 It is the measurement of student achievement across various academic

subjects. Teachers and education officials typically measure achievement

using classroom performance, graduation rates, and results from standardized

tests.

CCT or Conditional Cash Transfer

 Aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the

receivers' actions. The government (or a charity) only transfers the money to

persons who meet certain criteria.

DSWD (Department of Social Welfare and Development)

 It is the primary government agency mandated to develop, implement and

coordinate social protection and poverty-reduction solutions for and with the

poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged.

METHODOLOGY

Review of Related Literature

The 4Ps Program in the Philippines aims to tackle poverty by supporting

families, with a focus on education. In this short review, we'll explore how the

program, through cash transfers, impacts education. By looking at studies, we aim to

quickly grasp how 4Ps influences students' schooling. This snapshot contributes to

discussions on reducing poverty and creating opportunities for families through the

4Ps program.

The Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program popularly known as the 4Ps or

the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program aimed to improve the lives of poor

Filipinos and promote better health and social lives. Interestingly, the program targets

families that specifically have children aged 0-18 years old. Moreover, the cash grants

are subject to the number of children in the family. The ability of this policy to

provide a better life to poor families especially to their children has yet to be proven.

This is especially when the 4Ps has been used as disposable income and the

fulfillment of the conditions associated with the cash grants has been said to be rather

pretentious. (Ponce, 2022)

According to Diagne (2006), education and health are the biggest investments

in any individual or society. The more educated and healthy person has access to

better jobs and earns a higher income than one who is less educated or unhealthy.

Hence, education and health are central components of human capital development.
 The conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs, which provide cash to low-

income families in exchange for specific investments in their children's human

capital, have been supported as a successful social protection strategy (Bassett, 2008).

On the other hand, certain conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have dietary and

health-related limitations, or "conditionalities."

Research Design

Researchers will utilize a quantitative type of research, specifically the

descriptive method. Descriptive research involves gathering data that describe events

and then organizes, tabulates, depicts, and describes the data collection (Glass &

Hopkins, 1984). Descriptive as it aims to determine the benefit of the 4Ps Program to

the randomly selected beneficiaries of Zone 6 of Brgy. Campetic, Palo, Leyte.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted at Zone 6 of Barangay Campetic Palo, Leyte.

Research Participants

The researchers estimated the research participants to be 10 respondents. The

respondents will be given survey questionnaires. In doing so, the researchers used a

random sampling in choosing their respondents.

Research Instruments

A self-made survey questionnaire will be given to the research participants to

gather data and information to answer the research questions. A survey questionnaire

is a set of questions and the process in collecting, analyzing the responses on those

questions. This allows for quicker interviews that are easier to compare and analyze.
 The ability of the interviewer to collect quality data will frequently determine the data

that is received.

Sampling Design and Technique

In this study, 10 participants are randomly selected at Zone 6 of Barangay

Campetic Palo, Leyte will be the participants to undergo a series of interviews to be

able to gather data and information that will be useful in making this study successful.

Research Procedure

This study will utilize the surveying method, which is the practice of gathering

data for a study by asking people questions related to your research. (Indeed Editorial

Team, 2022)

Statistical Tools

The research data gathered will be tabulated, graphed, analyzed, and

interpreted. Data will be categorized according to the variables of the study. The mean

and the descriptive statistics were computed to describe the data gathered.

To interpret the scores, a scale was used (as cited from Alonazi et al, 2019).

Mean of Score Standard Deviation Quantitative Description

4.51-5.00 Very Favorable

3.51-4.50 Favorable

2.51-3.50 Moderately Favorable

1.51-2.50 Unfavorable

1.00-1.50 Very Unfavorable

CHAPTER III

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

RECOMMENDATIONS
 Bibliography

 https://members.aect.org/edtech/ed1/41/41-01.html
 Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Household Beneficiaries in
Malilipot Ignacio B. Blanquisa, Jr.1 Isidra M. Berdin2
 Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis,
with Special Reference to Education. Columbia University Press.
 Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social
Cognitive Theory. Prentice Hall.
 Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. Wiley.