Transitions - E3

ID: 660d50dc
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was a prominent classical music composer from England who toured the US three times in the early
1900s. The child of a West African father and an English mother, Coleridge-Taylor emphasized his mixed-race ancestry. For
example, he referred to himself as Anglo-African. ______ he incorporated the sounds of traditional African music into his
classical music compositions.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. In addition,
B. Actually,
C. However,
D. Regardless,
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ID: c78620ba
In 1968, US Congressman John Conyers introduced a bill to establish a national holiday in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
The bill didn’t make it to a vote, but Conyers was determined. He teamed up with Shirley Chisholm, the first Black woman to
be elected to Congress, and they resubmitted the bill every session for the next fifteen years. ______ in 1983, the bill passed.
A. Instead,
B. Likewise,
C. Finally,
D. Additionally,
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ID: 20733eac
It has long been thought that humans first crossed a land bridge into the Americas approximately 13,000 years ago. ______
based on radiocarbon dating of samples uncovered in Mexico, a research team recently suggested that humans may have
arrived more than 30,000 years ago—much earlier than previously thought.
A. As a result,
B. Similarly,
C. However,
D. In conclusion,
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ID: f07570bb
Researchers believe that pieces of hull found off Oregon’s coast are from a Spanish cargo ship that was lost in 1697. Stories
passed down among the area’s Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians support this belief. ______ Siletz stories describe how
blocks of beeswax, an item the ship had been carrying, began washing ashore after the ship was lost.
A. For this reason,
B. For example,
C. However,
D. Likewise,
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ID: 92fe0ed7
Geoscientists have long considered Hawaii’s Mauna Loa volcano to be Earth’s largest shield volcano by volume, measuring
approximately 74,000 cubic kilometers. ______ according to a 2020 study by local geoscientist Michael Garcia, Hawaii’s
Pūhāhonu shield volcano is significantly larger, boasting a volume of about 148,000 cubic kilometers.
A. Secondly,
B. Consequently,
C. Moreover,
D. However,
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ID: 01c8c433
Before the 1847 introduction of the US postage stamp, the cost of postage was usually paid by the recipient of a letter rather
than the sender, and recipients were not always able or willing to pay promptly. ______ collecting this fee could be slow and
arduous, and heaps of unpaid-for, undeliverable mail piled up in post offices.
A. Regardless,
B. On the contrary,
C. Consequently,
D. For example,
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ID: db8fe023
A potter choosing which type of clay to use for a piece considers two key factors: the desired look of the piece and its
intended use. ______ earthenware clay is often used for decorative pieces because of its rustic look. This type of clay is not
often used in industrial settings, though, because it is less durable than other clays.
A. In other words,
B. Regardless,
C. In conclusion,
D. For example,
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ID: 04ad68ca
In Gothic architecture, flying buttresses are large arches that help support a building’s exterior walls. Before the Gothic era,
cathedrals’ heavy ceilings had to be supported by thick, short walls, but the invention of flying buttresses eliminated this
need. ______ Gothic cathedrals could be built with thinner, higher walls.
A. Similarly,
B. For instance,
C. Nevertheless,
D. As a result,
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ID: fc2bcc79
Tyrian purple was a highly prized dye among the Phoenicians (an ancient civilization located in present-day Lebanon). The
Phoenicians were famous for using this natural dye to color their clothes a distinctive purple. ______ the name “Phoenicia”
itself, some historians claim, may have originally meant “land of purple.”
A. In fact,
B. Regardless,
C. Lastly,
D. On the contrary,
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ID: 57bcd0d6
Etched into Peru’s Nazca Desert are line drawings so large that they can only be fully seen from high above. Archaeologists
have known of the lines since the 1920s, when a researcher spotted some from a nearby foothill, and they have been
studying the markings ever since. ______ archaeologists’ efforts are aided by drones that capture high-resolution aerial
photographs of the lines.
A. Currently,
B. In comparison,
C. Still,
D. However,
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ID: 827afb27
Most conifers (trees belonging to the phylum Coniferophyta) are evergreen. That is, they keep their green leaves or needles
year-round. However, not all conifer species are evergreen. Larch trees, ______ lose their needles every fall.
A. for instance,
B. nevertheless,
C. meanwhile,
D. in addition,
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ID: a773f069
Small, flat structures called spatulae are found at the tips of the hairs on a spider’s leg. These spatulae temporarily bond with
the atoms of whatever they touch. ______ spiders are able to cling to and climb almost any surface.
A. For instance,
B. However,
C. Similarly,
D. As a result,
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ID: 1b219d14
As a young historian in the 1950s, Alixa Naff began interviewing fellow Arab American immigrants about their experiences
straddling two cultures. Over the next few decades, Naff conducted more than 450 such interviews, also known as oral
histories. ______ she collected photographs and other artifacts that represented her subjects’ experiences.
A. In other words,
B. On the contrary,
C. In addition,
D. Today,
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ID: 0d3ebdce
Neuroscientist Karen Konkoly wanted to determine whether individuals can understand and respond to questions during
REM sleep. She first taught volunteers eye movements they would use to respond to basic math problems while asleep (a
single left-right eye movement indicated the number one). ______ she attached electrodes to the volunteers’ faces to record
their eye movements during sleep.
A. Specifically,
B. Next,
C. For instance,
D. In sum,
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ID: 47547d07
In June, female loggerhead sea turtles will swim back to the sandy beaches where they were born to lay eggs of their own.
First, the turtle will dig her nest in the sand. ______ she will lay up to 100 eggs in the nest. Finally, she will cover it all with sand,
before returning to the ocean.
A. By contrast,
B. Similarly,
C. Next,
D. For example,
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ID: 6081831f
When Chinese director Chloé Zhao accepted the Oscar in 2021 for her film Nomadland, she made Academy Award history.
______ only one other woman, Kathryn Bigelow of the United States, had been named best director at the Oscars, making
Zhao the second woman and the first Asian woman to win the award.
A. As a result,
B. Previously,
C. However,
D. Likewise,
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ID: c7e85c0a
The envelope-shaped paper bags common in the US 150 years ago were impractical for carrying goods. ______ because they
were the only paper bags that could be mass-produced, these bags dominated the market. That all changed in the 1870s,
when industrial designer Margaret Knight patented a machine to make flat-bottomed, foldable paper bags.
A. However,
B. For instance,
C. Thus,
D. In other words,
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ID: f33f0892
Although novels and poems are considered distinct literary forms, many authors have created hybrid works that incorporate
elements of both. Bernardine Evaristo’s The Emperor’s Babe, ______ is a verse novel, a book-length narrative complete with
characters and a plot but conveyed in short, crisp lines of poetry rather than prose.
A. by contrast,
B. consequently,
C. secondly,
D. for example,
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ID: 7d56630a
In studying whether jellyfish sleep, researchers Michael Abrams, Claire Bedbrook, and Ravi Nath attempted to answer three
questions. ______ is there a period each day when the pulse rates of jellyfish decline? Second, do jellyfish respond more slowly
to stimuli during that period? Finally, if prevented from sleeping, are jellyfish adversely affected?
A. As a result,
B. First,
C. Additionally,
D. However,
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ID: a6155e60
Every chemical compound has a spectroscopic fingerprint, a pattern of reflected light unique to that compound. ______ upon
analyzing the light reflected by the bright regions on the surface of the dwarf planet Ceres, Maria Cristina De Sanctis of
Rome’s National Institute of Astrophysics was able to determine that the regions contain large amounts of the compound
sodium carbonate.
A. Regardless,
B. Meanwhile,
C. Thus,
D. In comparison,
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ID: b7571c0a
Practical movie effects, such as the use of actual locations in a film, provide a more realistic visual experience than computer-
generated imagery (CGI) does, but giving audiences the “real thing” can be prohibitively expensive. ______ many filmmakers
use a blended approach, employing practical effects whenever possible and CGI elements as necessary to control costs.
A. Similarly,
B. For this reason,
C. Furthermore,
D. In other words,
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ID: dd087f31
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s 2013 novel Americanah chronicles the divergent experiences of Ifemelu and Obinze, a young
Nigerian couple, after high school. Ifemelu moves to the United States to attend a prestigious university. ______ Obinze travels
to London, hoping to start a career there. However, frustrated with the lack of opportunities, he soon returns to Nigeria.
A. Meanwhile,
B. Nevertheless,
C. Secondly,
D. In fact,
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ID: 0ee64efc
In the 1850s, William Still was instrumental in helping nearly 1,000 people escape from slavery, earning him the moniker “the
Father of the Underground Railroad.” ______ despite the fame of his contributions during his lifetime, Still is discussed far less
today than other prominent Black abolitionists from his era, such as Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman.
A. For example,
B. However,
C. Specifically,
D. Similarly,
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ID: 63c73b50
In 2018, Kurt Luther and Vikram Mohanty created the web-based tool Civil War Photo Sleuth (CWPS). A user uploading an
unknown Civil War soldier’s photograph to CWPS first tags the photo with all known information. ______ CWPS’s facial-
recognition software analyzes twenty-seven different physical features and looks for matches to tagged images already in
the database.
A. Then,
B. In fact,
C. Likewise,
D. For example,
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ID: 3831f2d7
Arkansas aviator Louise Thaden was already a record breaker when she won the inaugural National Women’s Air Derby, a
race from California to Ohio, in August of 1929. ______ in December of 1928, Thaden had set an aviation record when she
reached an altitude of 20,269 feet in a Travel Air biplane.
A. Earlier,
B. However,
C. Next,
D. As a result,
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ID: 2b5e0731
With darkness falling, a mother elephant loses sight of her calf and wants to make sure it is safe. ______ she releases an
infrasonic call for the calf to hear. Infrasonic sound is below the range of human hearing, but many animals can hear these
sounds from several miles away.
A. For example,
B. For this reason,
C. Nowadays,
D. Similarly,
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ID: 1c36e3e1
The number of dark spots that appear on the Sun, known as sunspots, can vary greatly. For example, there were about 180
sunspots in November 2001. ______ there were only about 2 sunspots in December 2008.
A. In other words,
B. Similarly,
C. Therefore,
D. By comparison,
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ID: 4f2710ab
Organisms have evolved a number of surprising adaptations to ensure their survival in adverse conditions. Tadpole shrimp
(Triops longicaudatus) embryos, ______ can pause development for over ten years during extended periods of drought.
A. in contrast,
B. for example,
C. meanwhile,
D. consequently,
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ID: 34a5ba1c
By 1936, Spanish Romani dancer Carmen Amaya was known all over Spain for her powerful style of flamenco dancing.
However, in July of that year, the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War made it difficult for her to perform in her home country.
______ Amaya left Spain to perform abroad, dancing for audiences across North and South America.
A. In comparison,
B. As a result,
C. First of all,
D. For example,
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ID: ac8eb085
“O2 Arena,” an award-winning science fiction story by Nigerian author Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki, takes place in an
alternate version of Nigeria where breathable air is a rare commodity that is owned and sold by companies. ______ people
must purchase it with currency called O2 credits.
A. As a result,
B. In any case,
C. Nevertheless,
D. Earlier,
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ID: 37957752
As biologist Terrie Williams has documented, deep dives present a challenge for seals and other marine mammals. A seal
must exert enough energy to propel itself hundreds of meters downward, while keeping its heart rate low enough that it
doesn’t run out of oxygen while underwater. ______ a seal moves its flippers as little as possible on a deep dive, gliding to
conserve energy.
A. In the first place,
B. On the other hand,
C. For this reason,
D. In comparison,
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ID: 90117366
To explore how blinking affects social interactions, Dutch researchers observed interactions between human speakers and
“listeners” (animated human faces on a screen). The researchers found that when the listeners blinked slowly, the speakers
tended to talk for less time. ______ quicker blinks were associated with longer talking times.
A. For example,
B. Specifically,
C. Firstly,
D. By contrast,
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ID: 2bda9edb
In 1885, Chinese-born California resident Mary Tape became a hero of the Asian American civil rights movement. In January
of that year, she won an antidiscrimination case in the California Supreme Court. ______ in April, she wrote an open letter
criticizing her local board of education for discrimination. Both actions are remembered today as historic stands against
racism.
A. Later,
B. For instance,
C. In other words,
D. Rather,
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ID: 87d8a2ff
During a 2021 launch, Rocket Labs’ Electron rocket experienced an unexpected failure: its second-stage booster shut down
suddenly after ignition. ______ instead of downplaying the incident, Rocket Labs’ CEO publicly acknowledged what happened
and apologized for the loss of the rocket’s payload, which had consisted of two satellites.
A. Afterward,
B. Additionally,
C. Indeed,
D. Similarly,
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ID: 4154a7a3
In 1891, dancer and choreographer Loie Fuller first performed her celebrated Serpentine Dance, artfully twirling her long,
flowing skirt to create striking visual effects. ______ in 1896, cinema pioneers Auguste and Louis Lumière made a
groundbreaking short film of Fuller’s dance.
A. However,
B. In conclusion,
C. Later,
D. In other words,
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ID: 9c78f702
Phytoplankton play a crucial role in the ocean’s uptake of carbon from the atmosphere. When alive, these tiny marine
organisms absorb atmospheric carbon via photosynthesis. ______ after they die, the phytoplankton sink to the seafloor, where
the carbon in their cells gets stored in sediment, preventing it from cycling back into the atmosphere.
A. Specifically,
B. By contrast,
C. Nevertheless,
D. Then,
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ID: d3898d32
Riley Black—the author of critically acclaimed books such as My Beloved Brontosaurus (2013)—is best known for writing
about dinosaurs, but she has also conducted hands-on fieldwork. ______ her fieldwork has included paleontological digs in
Utah, Montana, and Wyoming, and her dinosaur fossil discoveries can be seen at places such as the Carnegie Museum of
Natural History.
A. Regardless,
B. Subsequently,
C. Specifically,
D. Conversely,
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ID: 6916c8e5
Laetitia Ky’s hair is her art. Inspired by hairstyles from various African tribes, the Ivorian artist uses wire and thread to sculpt
her hair into all kinds of shapes. ______ she once made her hair into the shape of the continent of Africa—including the island
of Madagascar!
A. Soon,
B. Elsewhere,
C. For example,
D. However,
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ID: 660d50dc

A. For this reason,

B. For this reason,

B. For this reason,

A. In the first place,

B. On the other hand,

C. For this reason,

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