Solution

WORK SHEET 1 (CHAPTER 1 AND 2) 16-12-23

Class 12 - Physics
1. i. In an electric dipole with two equal and opposite point charges, - q at point A and + q at point B with distance 2a as shown, so
AB = 2a with dipole moment |P |⃗ = q(2a) If the dipole is kept in a uniform external electric field E⃗ at an angle θ with the
direction of E⃗ , then :
a. force on a charge - q at point A = qE⃗ , E, opposite E⃗
b. force on charge +q at point B = + qE⃗ , along E⃗

Hence, the net force on dipole will be given as:

qE - qE = 0 this is possible when a uniform electric field is applied.
ii. Work done in rotating the dipole is given by, W = Ep (1 - cos θ)
= Ep (1 - cos 180°)
= 2 Ep joules
or Work done on the dipole, W = ΔU
= pE(cos θ1 - cos θ2)
W = pE(cos 0° - cos 180°)
W = 2pE
2. The situation is shown in Fig.

Flux through the entire cylinder,

= ∫ E dS cos 180o + ∫ E dS cos 0o + ∫ E dS cos 90o

= -E ∫ dS + E ∫ dS + 0
= -E × π r2 + E × π r2 = 0
3. Let us consider an infinitesimal element of length dx at a distance x from the point P. The charge on this element is dq = λdx ,
Q
where λ = ( L
) is the linear charge density.
The magnitude of the electric field at P due to this element is:
dq (λdx)
1 1
dE = =
4πε0 2 4πε0 2
x x

and its direction is to the right since λ is positive. The total electric field strength E is given by:
a+L
1 dx
E = λ ∫
4πε0 2
x
a

λ 1 a+L
= [− ]
4πε0 x a

λ 1 1
= [ − ]
4πε0 a a+L

Q
= (∵ Q = λL)
(4π ε0 )a(a+L)

4. i. Electric field at any point inside the shell = 0.

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 q
ii. E = 4πε0
1
⋅
2
R

= 2.88 × 104 NC-1

9 −6
9× 10 ×0.2× 10
=
2
(0.25)

1 q
iii. E = 4πε0
⋅
2
r

= 200 NC-1
9 −6
9× 10 ×0.2× 10
=
2
(3.0)

5. i. The vector sum of the electric field due to charge A and the electric field due to other charges at the center should be zero.
Thus EA+E(4 charges) = 0, they are equal in magnitude so that, If a charge q is removed from point A, a negative charge is
q
developed at A where electric field will be E = 1

4πε0
⋅
2
which is along OA due to four charges.
r

ii. If a charge q is replaced by charge -q at point A, there generates a net electric field at point O as a result of -2q charge, so

−2q
E= 4πε0
1
⋅
2
r
2q
E= 1
⋅ along OA
4πε0 r2

eE
6. Acceleration of the electron in the upward direction, q = m

Time taken to cross the field, t = l

v0

The upward component of electron velocity on emerging from field region,

eEl
vy = at = mv0

Horizontal component remains same, vx = v0

If θ is the angle of deviation of the path of the electron, then
or θ = tan-1
vy
tan θ = vx
=
eEl

2
eEl

2
mv mv
0 0

7. Here q = -2.0 × 10-6C,

σ = 4.0 × 10-6 Cm-2
Field produced by charged plate,
σ
E= 2ε0

Force of attraction between the charged particle and the plate,

σq −6 −6
4× 10 ×2.0× 10
∴ F = qE = 2ε0
=
−12
2×8.85×10

= 0.45 N
8. Given, ϕ = −1.0 × 10 3 2
N m /C

r1 = 0.1m, r2 = 0.2m

a. Doubling the radius of Gaussian surface will not affect the electric flux since the charge enclosed is the same in the two cases.
Thus, the flux will remain be the same i.e. −1.0 × 10 N m /C 3 2

q
b. ϕ = ε0

∴ q = ϕ ⋅ ε0

or q = −1.0 × 10 3
× 8.854 × 10
−12

−9
= −8.854 × 10 C

= -8.854 nC
Therefore, the value of the point charge is-8.854 nC.
9. The force of attraction or repulsion between two stationary point charges q1 and q2 is directly proportional to the product q1q2 and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance r between them. Mathematically,
q1 q2
F=k 2
r

The proportionality constant k depends on the nature of the medium between the two charges and the system of units chosen to
measure F, q1, q2 and r. For free space and in SI units,

k= 1

4πε0
= 9 × 109 Nm2C-2, ε is called the permittivity of free space and its value is 8.854 × 10-12 C2N-1m-2.
0

q1 q2
Hence Coulomb's law in SI units may be expressed as F = 4πε0
1
⋅
2
r

2/9
10. Volume of bigger sphere = 2 × volume of each sphere
4

3
π R3 = 2 × 4

3
π r3
R3 = 2r3
R = (2)1/3r
∴ Surface charge density of each sphere
– q q
√1 = =
A 2
4πr

and Surface charge density of the large sphere

– 2q 2q
√2 = =
A 2
4πR

√1 q 2
4πR
∵ = ×
√2 2 2q
4π r
2
1/3 2
2 (2 ) ⋅r
R
= =
2 2
2r 2r
2/3
√1 (2)
= =
√2 2

= (2)2/3 : 2
– –
√1 : √2

11. Let the charge distribution be as shown in figure.

q q
∴ VA − VB = − E +
C1 C2

or (V A − VB ) + E = q (
1

C1
+
1

C2
)

q( C2 + C1 )
=
C1 C2

[( V − VB )+E] C1 C2
A
q =
C1 + C2

q [( V − VB ]+E] C2
Voltage across C1 is V 1 =
C1
=
A

C1 + C2

(5+10)2.0
=
1.0+2.0
= 10 volt
Voltage across C2 is V2
q [( VA − VB )+E] C1
=
C2 C1 + C2

(5+10)1.0
= = 5 volt
1.0×2.0

12. Here C1 = C2 = 800 pF = 8 × 10-10 F

V1 = 100 V, V2 = 0
Common potential,
−10
C1 V1 + C2 V2 8× 10 ×100+0
V =
C1 + C2
=
−10 −10
= 50V
8× 10 +8× 10
1 2
Uf = (C1 + C2 ) V
2

= 1

2
(8 × 10-10+8 × 10-10) × (50)2 = 2 × 10-6J
13. Capacitance = 20×10-6 F. Charge stored, Q = CV = 20 × 10-6 × 100 C
= 2000 μC
New value of capacitance when dielectric is introduced
= 5 × 20 μF
= 100 μF
Energy stored in a capacitor
2
1 Q 1 1
2
= (= CV = QV )
2 C 2 2

i. Energy stored before dielectric

−6 −6
[2000× 10 ]×(2000× 10 )
1
= ×
2 −6
20×10

= 0.1 J
ii. Energy stored after the dielectric is introduced
(∵ there is no change in the value of Q)
−6 −6
1 2000× 10 ×2000× 10
= ×
2 −6
100×10

= 0.02 J

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14. From the above question, we have C0 = 1.8 × 10-11 F = 18 pF, q0 = 1.8 × 10-9 C
Also, κ = 6
i. When the voltage supply remains connected, the potential difference between capacitor plates remains same i.e., 100 V. The
capacitance increases κ times.
∴ C = κ C0 = 6 × 18 = 108 pF

The charge on the capacitor plates will be

q = CV = 108 × 10-12 × 100 = 1.08 × 10-8 C
ii. After the supply is disconnected, the charge on the capacitor plates remains same i.e; q0 = 1.8 × 10-9 C
The capacitance increases κ times.
C = κ C0 = 108 pF
The potential difference between the capacitor plates becomes
V0 100
V =
κ
=
6
= 16.6 V
15. Let us consider a ring of radius R having charge +Q distributed uniformly. Also a point P at distance z on its axis passing through
centre O and perpendicular to plane of ring.

Again consider an element of ring at S of length dl having charge dq and SP is equal to r. Then potential energy due to element to
r. Then potential energy due to element dl at P,
−kdq
dV = r
where k = 4πε0
1

Charge on 2charge on 2π R length of ring = Q

Q
Charge on dl length of ring = 2πR
dl

So potential due to element dl at P,

k.Q.dl
dV = 2πR

Integrating over a ring the potential at P, VP

v 2πR kQdl −−−−− −
∫
0
dVp = ∫
0 2πRr
where r = √R 2
+ z
2

kQ2πR Q
VP = =
2 2 2 2
2πR√R + z 4πε0 √R + z

V0
16. Let E0 = d
be the electric field between the plates when there is no dielectric and the potential difference is V0. If the dielectric is
KV0
now inserted, the electric field in the dielectric will be E0= d
.(having thickness 3/4 d) The potential difference when dielectric
is introduced ,will then be
E0
V=E 0 (
1

4
d) +
K
(
3

4
d)

K+3
=E 0d (
1

4
+
4K
3
) =V 0
4K

(K+3)
The potential difference decreases by the factor 4K
while the free charge Q0 on the plates remains unchanged. The capacitance
thus increases
Q0 Q0
C= V
=
4K

K+3 V0
=
K+3
4K
C0

17. Here 2a = 2 cm = 0.02 m, θ = 60°

E = 105 NC-1,r = 8√3
–

i. τ = pE sin θ = q × 2a × E sin θ

= q × 0.02 × 105 × sin 60°

–
∴ 8√3

8√3×2
or q = 5
= 8 × 10
−3
C
0.02× 10 × √3

ii. P.E. of the dipole is

U = -p E cos θ = -q × 2 a × E cos θ
= -8 × 10-3 × 0.02 × 105 × cos 60° = -8J

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18. Let the radius of each drop be r. The capacitance C of each drop is kr, where k is a constant.
Also q = CV, V = 900 volt
∴ Charge on each drop = q = (kr × 900) C

∴ Total charge on all the eight drops = Q = 8q = 8×kr×900

= 7200 kr
Let R be the radius of the large drop. Then by equating their volumes we get,
4π 3 4π 3
R = 8 × r
3 3

∴ R = (8)1/3 r = 2r
∴ Capacitance C of the large drop = kR = 2kr
Q
∴ Potential of the large drop = ′
=
7200kr

2kr
volt
C

= 3600 V
19. If qA, qB and qC are the charges of the respective shells, then we have:
2
qA = 4πa σ

2
qB = −4πb σ

2
qC = 4πc σ

Let VA and VC be the potentials of shell A and C.

A point on the surface of shell A lies inside the shells B and C.
1 qA 1 qB 1 qC
∴ VA = ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
4πϵ0 a 4πϵ0 b 4πϵ0 c

2 2 2
1 4π a σ 4π b σ 4π c σ
= ( − + )
4πϵ0 a b c

σ
⇒ VA = (a − b + c)
ϵ0

A point on shell C lies outsides both A and B.

qA qB q
1 C
∴ VC = ( + + )
4πϵ0 c c c

2 2 2
1 4π a σ 4π b σ 4π c σ
= ( − + )
4πϵ0 c c c

2 2
σ a −b
⇒ VC = ( + c)
ϵ0 c

If the shells A and C are the same potential, then VA = VC

2 2
a −b
I.e., ϵ0
σ
(a − b + c) =
ϵ0
σ
(
c
+ c)

2 2
a −b
⇒ (a − b + c) = + c
c

⇒ c(a - b) = a2 - b2
⇒ c = a + b

20. K = ε = 3 r

Dielectric strength = 107 V/m

Due to reasons of safety, electric field at the most should be 10% of dielectric strength.
E = 10% of 107V/m = 106 V/m
A=?
C = 50 pF = 50 × 10 F −12

As E = V

d
3
V 10 −3
∴ d = = = 10 m
E 6
10

ε0 εr A
Now, C = d

= 1.88× 10-3 m2 ≈ 19 cm2

Cd −12 −3
50× 10 × 10
∴ A= =
ε0 εr −12
8.85× 10 ×3
→
21. Given, 3^
E = 3 × 10 i N C
−1

a. ΔS (Area of the square) = 10 × 10 = 100cm = 10 m 2 −2 2

The area of a surface can be represented as a vector along normal to the surface. Since normal to the square is along x-axis, we
have
→
−2 ^ 2
ΔS = 10 i m

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 Electric flux through the square is given by :-
→ −
−→
ϕ = E ⋅ ΔS

= (3 × 10 3^
i ) ⋅ (10
−2 ^
i)

2 −1
= 30N m C

b. Given, the angle between area vector and the electric field is 60°. Therefore,
→ →
ϕ = E ⋅ ΔS

∘
= E ⋅ ΔS cos 60

3 −2 1
= 3 × 10 × 10 ×
2

2 −1
= 15N m C

⃗ q
22. By Gauss's law, ϕ E
⃗
= ∮ E ⋅ dS =
ε0

i. In the space between the two cylinders, field is due to charge on inner cylinder only.
λ1 l λ1 l
∴ ϕE = ∮
S1
⃗ ⃗
E 1 ⋅ dS =
ε0
or E 1 × 2πr1 l =
ε0

λ1
⃗
∴ E1 =
2πε0 t1

ii. In the region outside the larger cylinder,

( λ1 − λ2 )l
⃗ ⃗
ϕE = ∮ E 2 ⋅ dS =
S2 ε0

6/9
 ( λ1 − λ2 )l
or E 2 × 2πr2 l =
ε0

( λ1 − λ2 )
⃗ ^
∴ E2 = r 2
2πεr2

23. Force acting on an electric dipole in the positive z-direction which is placed in a non-uniform electric field, is given by:-
∂E ∂E ∂E
F = px + py + pz
∂x ∂y ∂z

As, the electric field changes uniformly in the positive z-direction, only,
Thus,
∂E 5 −1 −1
= + 10 N C m
∂z
∂E

∂y
= 0 and ∂E

∂x
= 0

As, the system has the total dipole moment equal to 10-7 cm in the negative z-direction.
Thus,
px = 0, py = 0, pz = -10-7cm . Hence, force equal to
−7 5 −2
∴ F = 0 + 0 − 10 × 10 = − 10 N

It is indicated by the negative sign that the force 10-2 N acts in the negative z-direction.
→
→
In an electric field E , the torque on dipole moment p is given by:-
⃗
τ ⃗ = p⃗ × E

Thus,
τ = pE sin θ

→ →
As p and E are acting in opposite direction,
∘
θ = 180

So, τ = pE sin 180

∘
= 0

Therefore, the torque experienced by the system is zero.

2Q 2Q+4Q 6Q
24. i. ϕ 1 =
ε0
, ϕ2 =
ε0
=
ε0

ϕ1 2Q ε0 1
= × =
ϕ ε0 6Q 3
2

ii. Using Gauss's theorem,

→ →
2Q
ϕ1 = ∮ E ⋅ ds =
ε0

→ →
And ϕ ′
1
=
1

k
∮ E ⋅ ds

1 2Q 1 2Q Q
= = =
k ε0 6 ε0 3ε0

25. The intensity EA at D due to charge at A is given by

−6
9 10 1 1
EA = 9 × 10 × [∵ AD = AC = × 2 = 1m]
2 2 2
1

or , E = 9 × 10 N C
A
along DC 3 −1

The intensity EC at D due to charge at C is given by

−6
9 2×10
EC = 9 × 10 ×
2
1

or, E = 18 × 10 N C
C along DA 3 −1

The magnitude of the resultant of EC and EA is given by

3 3
EC − EA = (18 × 10 − 9 × 10 )

= 9 × 10 N C
3 −1
along DA

7/9
 The intensity EB at D due to charge at B is given by
−6
9 5×10
EB = 9 × 10 ×
3

or, E B = 15 × 10 N C
3 −1
along DB
In right angled ΔC DB,
∘ BD
cos 30 =
2

√3 –
or BD = 2
× 2 = √3m

If E be the magnitude of the resultant intensity, then

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
3 3
E = √(9 × 10 ) + (15 × 10 )

4 −1
= 1.749 × 10 N C

26. Say, the dielectric constant of the inserted dielectric is K. Now, after introduction of the dielectric slab in the isolated charged
capacitor,
i. The new capacitance (C') becomes K times of original capacitance(C) of the capacitor as
ε0 A Kε0 A
′
C = and C =
d d

ii. We know that charge remains same as before (according to the law of conservation of charge) in this phenomenon.
i.e. Q = CV = C'V'
CV CV
Hence, V ′
= ′
=
KC
C

⇒ V
′
=
V

K
Potential difference decreases and becomes 1

K
times of the previous value.
iii. Energy stored initially in the capacitor,
2
q
U =
2C

Energy stored in the capacitor after inserting the dielectric slab of dielectric constant K,
2
q
∴ U
′
=
2KC
[∵ C ′
= KC ]
where, K =dielectric constant of the medium
2
1 q 1 1
′ ′ ′
⇒ U = ( ) ⇒ U = (U ) ⇒ U = × U
K 2C K K

The energy stored in the capacitor decreases and becomes 1

K
times of the previous stored energy.

27. i. E = 1

2
CV2 = 1

2
× 6 × 10-6 V2 = 3 × 10-6 V2
2 E
∴ V =
−6
3×10

Energy stored in 12 μF capacitor

1 −6 E
= × 12 × 10 × = 2E
2 −6
3×10

ii. Capacitance of the parallel combination = 6 + 12 = 18μF

Charge on parallel combination,
Q = CV = 18 × 10-6V
Charge on 3μF capacitor = Q = 3 × 10-6 V1

∴ 3 × 10-6 V1 = 18 × 10-6 V ⇒ V1 = 6 V
Energy stored in 3μF capacitor
1 2 1 −6 2
= CV = × 3 × 10 × (6V )
2 1 2
1 −6 36E
= × 3 × 10 × = 18E
2 −6
3×10

iii. Total energy drawn = E + 2E + 18E = 21E

q
28. Potential of the charged sphere is V =
1

4πε0
⋅
r

5 9 9
∴ 9 × 10 = 9 × 10 ×
0.02
0.02
or q = 4
= 2 × 10
−6
= 2μC
10

Potential at A due to charge q is

q 9 −6
1 9× 10 ×2× 10
VA = 4πε0 r
=
0.25
V

Potential at C due to charge q is

9 −6

VC = 9× 10 ×2× 10

0.60
V

Potential difference between A and C is

VA - VC = 1.8 × 10 −3
[
0.25
1
−
1

0.60
]V

8/9
 =
1.8×7

300
V = 0.042 V
Work done in moving a charge of +1C from C to A
W = q(VA - VC ) = 1 × 0.042 = 0.042 J.
29. Here C1 = 600 pF, V1 = 200 V,
C2 = 600 pF, V2 =0
Common potential,
−12
C1 V1 + C2 V2 600× 10 ×200+0
V = = = 100 V
C1 + C2 −12
(600+600)×10

Initial energy stored,

Ui = U1 = 1

2
C1V12 = 1

2
× 600 × 10-12 × (200)2 = 12 × 10-6 J
Final energy stored,
Uf = 1

2
(C1 + C2) V2 = 1

2
(600+600) × 10-12 × (100)2= 6 × 10-6 J
Electrostatic energy lost,
Δ U = Ui -Uf = 12 × 10-6 -6 × 10-6 = 6 × 10-6 J

30. a. Dielectric constant of the mica sheet, k = 6

If voltage supply remained connected, voltage between two plates will be constant.
ϵ0 A
Supply voltage, V = 100 V from the given values C=
d

Initial capacitance, C = 1.8 × 10−11 F

New capacitance, C1 = kC = 6 × 1.8 × 10−11 F = 108 pF

New charge, q1 = C1V = 108 × 100 pC = 1.08 × 10–8 C

Potential across the plates remains 100 V.
b. Dielectric constant, k = 6
Initial capacitance, C = 1.8 × 10−11 F
New capacitance, C1 = kC = 6 × 1.8 × 10−11 F = 108 pF
If supply voltage is removed, then there will be constant amount of charge in the plates.
Charge = 1.8 × 10−9 C
Potential across the plates is given by,
q −9
1.8×10
V1 = C1
=
−12
108×10

= 16.67 V

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