6.

1
ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
L T P
5 - -
RATIONALE

The requirement of energy has increased manifolds in last two decades due to rapid
urbanization and growth in industrial/service sector. It has become challenging task to
meet ever increasing energy demands with limited conventional fuels and natural
resources. Due to fast depletion of fossil fuels and a tremendous gap between supply and
demand of energy, it is essential to adopt energy conservation techniques in almost every
field like industries, commercial and residential sectors etc. Energy conservation has
attained priority as it is regarded as additional energy resource. Energy saved is energy
produced. This course covers the concepts of energy management and its conservation. It
gives the insight to energy conservation opportunities in general industry and details out
energy audit methodology and energy audit instruments.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After undergoing this course, the students will be able to:

 Define principles and objectives of energy management and energy audit.

 Understand Energy Conservation Act 2001 and its features.
 Understand various forms & elements of energy.
 Identify electrical and thermal utilities. Understand their basic principle of operation
and assess performance of various equipment.
 Identify areas of energy conservation and adopt conservation methods in various
systems.
 Evaluate the techno economic feasibility of the energy conservation technique
adopted.

DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Lighting System (10 periods)
1.1. Basic definitions- Lux, lumen and illumination space to height ratio
1.2 Types of different lamps and their features
1.3 Energy efficient practices in lighting
1.4.Tips for energy saving in building - New Building, Existing Building
1.5 Laws of Illumination
1.6 Calculation of illumination at different points, Main requirements for proper
lighting
1.7 Macro level approach at design stage

2. Energy Conservation and EC Act 2001 (05 periods)

2.1 Introduction to energy management, energy conservation, energy efficiency
and its need
 2.2 Salient features of Energy Conservation Act 2001 & The Energy
Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2010 and its importance
2.3 Standards and Labeling - Concept of star rating and its importance, Types of
product available for star rating
3. Energy Audit (08 periods)
3.1 Types and methodology
3.2 Energy auditing reporting format
3.3 Energy audit instruments
4. Electrical Supply System and Motors (20 periods)
4.1 Types of electrical supply system
4.2 Single line diagram
4.3 Transformer loading
4.4 Tips for energy savings in transformers
4.5 Motor Loading
4.6 Variation in efficiency and power factor with loading
4.7 Tips for energy savings in motors
4.8 Need for energy efficient motors
4.9 Initial cost versus like cycle cost
4.10 Cost analysis on life cycle basis
4.11 Various constructional features of EEMs
4.12 EEM as compared to standard motors
5. Energy Efficiency in Electrical Utilities. (17 periods)
5.1. Understanding Electricity Bill
5.1.1. Tariff structure
5.1.2. Components of power (kW, kVA and kVAR) and power factor
5.1.3 Concept of sanctioned load, maximum demand, contract demand
and monthly minimum charges (MMC)
5.2. Pumps
5.2.1. Introduction to pump and its application
5.2.2. Efficient pumping system operation
5.2.3 Energy efficiency in agriculture pumps
5.2.4. Tips for energy saving in pumps
5.3. Compressed Air System
5.3.1. Types of air compressor and its applications
5.3.2. Leakage test
5.3.3. Energy saving opportunities in compressors
5.4. Energy Conservation in HVAC and Refrigeration System
5.4.1. Introduction
5.4.2. Concept of Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)
5.4.3. Energy saving opportunities in Heating, Ventilation and
Air-conditioning (HVAC) and Refrigeration Systems.
 5.5. Thermal Basics:
5.5.1 Types of fuels
5.5.2 Thermal energy
5.5.3 Energy contents in fuel
5.5.4 Energy Units and its conversion in terms of metric tonne of oil
equivalent (MTOE).
.
6. General Energy Saving Tips (10 periods)

6.1 Lighting System

6.2 Room Air Conditioners
6.3 Refrigerators
6.4 Water Heater
6.5 Computers
6.6 Fans, Heaters, Blowers and Washing Machines
6.7 Water Pumps
6.8 Kitchens
6.9 Transport

7. Energy Conservation Building Code (10 periods)

7.1 Haryana ECBC and its salient features including thermal behavior of
buildings
7.2 ECBC Guidelines on Building Envelope
7.3 ECBC Prescriptive Requirements for Building Envelope
7.4 ECBC Guidelines on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
7.5 ECBC Guidelines on Service Hot Water and Pumping
7.6 ECBC Guidelines on Lighting
7.7 ECBC Guidelines on Electrical Power
7.8 ECBC Guidelines on Star Labelling and Minimum Star rating

STUDENT ACTIVITIES ON ENERGY CONSERVATION/ENERGY

EFFICIENCY

1. Presentations of Case Studies

2. Debate competitions
3. Poster competitions
4. Industrial visits
5. Visual Aids
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY

Teachers are expected to lay considerable stress on understanding the basic concepts in
energy conservation, principles and their applications. For this purpose, teachers are
expected to give simple problems in the class room so as to develop necessary knowledge
for comprehending the basic concepts and principles. As far as possible, the teaching of
the subject must be supplemented by demonstrations and practical work in the laboratory.
Visits to industries must be carried out.

MEANS OF ASSESSMENT
 Assignments and quiz/class tests, mid-term and end-term written tests,
model/prototype making

 Actual laboratory and practical work, model/prototype making, assembly and

disassembly exercises and viva-voce

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Electric Energy Generation, Utilisation and Conservation by Sivaganaraju, S;

Pearson, New Delhi
2. Electrical Power by V.K. Mehta; Khanna and Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
3. Handbook on Energy Audit & Environmental Management by Y P Abbi &
Shashank Jain published by TERI. Latest Edition
4. Guide book on General Aspects of Energy Management and Energy Audit by
Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Government of India. Edition 2015
5. Guide book on Energy Efficiency in Electrical Utilities, by Bureau of Energy
Efficiency, Government of India.
6. e-books/e-tools/relevant software to be used as recommended by
AICTE/HSBTE/NITTTR.

Websites for Reference:

http://swayam.gov.in

SUGGESTED DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS

Topic No. Time Allotted Marks Allotted (%)
(Periods)
1. 10 12
2. 05 06
3. 08 08
4. 20 26
5. 17 24
6. 10 12
7. 10 12
Total 80 100
 6.2 ELECTRICAL POWER-II

L T P
4 - 3
RATIONALE

In view of the complexities associated with the modern interconnected power stations, the
responsibilities and the job requirements of a diploma pass out have become more
complex than what they used to be earlier. He is required to work with modern electrical
equipment and maintain reliability of supply. The course is designed to understand the
concepts, principles involved in the construction and working of generating stations and
protective switch gear system so that one can handle, install, maintain them and also take
decisions at his/her level in different situations. The teaching of this subject requires
reinforcement in the form of visits to substations, power stations and well designed
laboratory experiences. A practice-oriented approach to the teaching of this subject is
suggested.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After undergoing the subject, the student will be able to:

 Identify the faults in overheads and underground power system

 Operate and maintain protective switchgears
 Handle, operate and maintain protective devices
 Use and select protective relays and protective scheme
 Maintain over-voltage protection scheme
 Calculate the power bill using different tariff schemes

DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Faults: (06 Periods)

Common type of faults in both overhead and underground systems, symmetrical/

unsymmetrical faults. Single line to ground fault, double line to ground fault, 3-
phase to ground fault open circuit , simple problems relating to fault finding.

2. Switch Gears (16 Periods)

2.1 Purpose of protective gear. Difference between switch, isolator and circuit
breakers. Function of isolator and circuit breaker. Making capacity and
breaking capacity of circuit breaker (only definition)

2.2 Principles of Arc extinction in OCB and ACB, Constructional features of

OCB, VCB, ACB, and their working,
2.3 Types of circuit breakers, bulk and minimum oil circuit breakers, air blast
circuit breakers, SF6 circuit breakers
 2.4 Miniature circuit breakers ACB, ELCB, MCB, for distribution and
transmission system (Descriptive)

3. Protection Devices (16 Periods)

3.1 Fuses; function of fuse. Types of fuses, HV and LV fuses, rewire-able,

cartridge, HRC
3.2 Earthing: purpose of earthing, method of earthing, Equipment earthing,
Substation earthing, system earthing as per Indian Electricity rules.
Methods of reducing earth resistance.
3.3 Relays:
a) Introduction- types of relays. Electromagnetic, numercial and
thermal relays, their construction and working
b) Induction type over-current, earth fault relays, instantaneous over
current relay
c) Directional over-current, differential relays, their functions
d) Distance relays, their functions
e) Static numeric and digital relays and their applications

4. Protection Scheme (10 Periods)

4.1 Relays for generator protection

4.2 Relays for transformer, protection including Buchholtz relay protection
4.3 Protection of feeders and bus bars, Over current and earth fault protection.
4.4 Distance protection for transmission system
4.5 Relays for motor protection

5. Over-voltage Protection (10 Periods)

5.1 Protection of system against over voltages, causes of over voltages, utility
of ground wire
5.2 Lightning arrestors, rod gap, horn gap, metal oxide type.
5.3 Transmission Line and substation protection against over-voltages and
lightning

6. Various Types of Tariffs: (06 Periods)

6.1 Concept of Tariffs

6.2 Block rate, flat rate, maximum demand and two part tariffs
6.3 Simple problems

Note: Students may be taken to various Sub-stations/ Grid Stations. Students must
be familiarized with present tariff system employed by State Electricity
Boards.
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Testing of the dielectric strength of transformer oil and air
2. Study of different types of circuit breakers and isolators by visiting power station
3. Plot the time current characteristics of over current relay
4. Power measurement by using CTs and PTs
5. Earthing of different equipment/Main Distribution Board and Energy Meter Box
6. Perform the overload and short circuit test of MCB as per IS specifications
7. Plot the time-current characteristics of Kit-Kat fuse wire
8. Measurement of current on any LT line with clip meter
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY

Since this is a descriptive and practice oriented subject, it is suggested that visits to
different types of generating stations and substations be arranged and various equipment,
accessories and components explained to the students. The protection schemes should be
shown at the site and engineers from field may be invited for delivering expert lectures on
these topics. Help of Video Films may be taken to explain the layout; construction and
working of different power equipment.

MEANS OF ASSESSMENT
 Assignments and quiz/class tests, mid-term and end-term written tests,
model/prototype making

 Actual laboratory and practical work, model/prototype making, assembly and

disassembly exercises and viva-voce

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Testing, Commissioning , Operation and Maintenance of Electrical Equipment by
S Rao, Khanna Technical Publication, New Delhi
2. Electrical Power – II by SK Sahdev, Uneek Publications, Jalandhar (Pb)
3. Electrical Power Systems by CL Wadhwa, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi
4. Textbook of Electrical Technology by BL Theraja, S Chand and Co., New Delhi
5. Electrical Power by Dr. SL Uppal, Khanna Publications, Delhi
6. A Course in Electrical Power by ML Soni, PV Gupta and Bhatnagar, Dhanpat Rai
& Sons, New Delhi
7. Principles of Power Systems by VK Mehta, S Chand and Co., New Delhi
8. Preventive Maintenance of Electrical Apparatus by SK Sharotri, Katson
Publishing House, Ludhiana
9 e-books/e-tools/relevant software to be used as recommended by
AICTE/HSBTE/NITTTR.

Websites for Reference:

http://swayam.gov.in
 SUGGESTED DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS

Topic No. Time Allotted Marks Allocation

(Periods) (%)
1 06 10
2 16 25
3 16 25
4 10 15
5 10 15
6 06 10
Total 64 100
 6.3 INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND CONTROL OF DRIVES

L T P
4 - 3
RATIONALE

Industrial electronics plays a very vital role in the field of control engineering specifically
in the modern industries as they mostly use electronic controls, which are more efficient,
effective and precise as compare to the conventional methods. The old magnetic and
electrical control schemes have all become obsolete. Electrical diploma holder many
times has to maintain the panels used in the modern control process. Therefore, the
knowledge of components like thyristors and other semiconductor devices used in such
control panels is must for them in order to supervise the work efficiently and effectively.
Looking in to usefulness and importance of the subject this has been incorporated in the
curriculum.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
After undergoing the subject, students will be able to:

 Use SCR, TRIAC and Diac as per requirement of circuit

 Control fan speed using Triac and Quadriac
 Control speed of D.C. shunt motor or universal motor
 Demonstrate the output wave shape on CRO
 Repair UPS and Inverter
 Maintain storage batteries
 Maintain panels used in the modern control process

DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Introduction to SCR (16 Periods)

1.1. Construction and working principles of an SCR, two transistor analogy and
characteristics of SCR
1.2. SCR specifications and rating
1.3. Construction, working principles and V-I characteristics of DIAC, TRIAC
and Quadriac
1.4. Basic idea about the selection of heat sinks for SCR and TRIACS
1.5. Methods of triggering a Thyristor. Study of triggering circuits
1.6. UJT, its Construction, working principles and V-I characteristics, UJT
relaxation oscillator
1.7. Commutation of Thyristors
1.8. Series and parallel operation of Thyristors
1.9. Applications of SCR, TRIACS and Quadriac such as light intensity control,
speed control of DC and universal motor, fan regulator, battery charger etc.
1.10. dv/dt and di/dt protection of SCR.
2. Controlled Rectifiers (10 Periods)

2.1 Single phase half wave controlled rectifier with resistive load and
inductive load, concept of free wheeling diode.
2.2 Single phase half controlled full wave rectifier
2.3 Single phase fully controlled full wave rectifier
2.4 Single phase full wave centre tapped rectifier
2.5 Three phase full wave half controlled bridge rectifier
2.6 Three phase full wave fully controlled bridge rectifier

3. Inverters, Choppers, Dual Converters and Cyclo Convertors (18 Periods)

3.1 Inverter-introduction, working principles, voltage and current driven series

and parallel inverters and applications
3.2 Choppers-introduction, types of choppers and their working principles and
applications
3.3 Dual converters-introduction, working principles and applications
3.4 Cyclo-converters- introduction, types, working principles and applications

4. Thyristor Control of Electric Drives (15 Periods)

4.1 DC drives control (Basic Concept)

4.2 Half wave drives
4.3 Full wave drives
4.4 Chopper drives
4.5 AC drives control
4.6 Phase control
4.7 Variable frequency a.c. drives
4.8 Constant V/F application
4.9 Voltage controlled inverter drives
4.10 Constant current inverter drives
4.11 Cyclo convertors controlled AC drives
4.12 Slip control AC drives

5 Uninterrupted power supplies (05 Periods)

5.1 UPS online, off line

5.2 Storage devices (batteries)
5.3 SMPS, CVT
LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. To draw V-I characteristics of an SCR

2. To draw V-I characteristics of a TRIAC
3. To draw V-I characteristics of a DIAC
4. To draw uni-junction transistor characteristics
5. Observe the output wave of an UJT relaxation oscillator
6. Observe the wave shape across SCR and load of an illumination control circuit
7. Fan speed regulator using TRIAC Quadriac (fabrication of this circuit)
8. Speed-control of a DC shunt motor or universal motor
9. To observe the output wave shape on CRO of (a) Single phase half controlled full
wave rectifier(b)Single phase controlled rectifier

INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY
The teachers may encourage students to perform practical simultaneously for better
understanding of the subjects and verification of theoretical concepts. The various
components must be shown to the students for identification and also tested. Practical
applications of the various circuits and devices should be discussed in the class. The
available video films on the subject must be shown to the students.

MEANS OF ASSESSMENT
 Assignments and quiz/class tests, mid-term and end-term written tests.
 Actual laboratory and practical work, model/prototype making, assembly and
disassembly exercises and viva-voce

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. Industrial Control Electronics. John Webb, Kevin Greshock, Maxwell, Macmillan
International editions.
2. Fundamentals of Power Electronics by S Rama Reddi, Narosa Publishing House
Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
3. Power Electronics, Circuits Devices and Applications by Mohammad H. Rashid
4. Power Electronics by PC Sen
5. Power Electronics by Dr. PS Bhimbra, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
6. Industrial Electronics & Control by SK Bhattacharya & S Chatterji, New Age
international Publications(P) Ltd, New Delhi
7. Power Electronics by SK Sahdev, Uneek Publication, Jalandhar
8. Industrial Power Electronics by JC Karhava, King India Publication,
9. Power Electronics and Controls by Samir K Datta, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi
10. e-books/e-tools/relevant software to be used as recommended by
AICTE/HSBTE/NITTTR.

Websites for Reference:

http://swayam.gov.in

SUGGESTED DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS

Topic No. Time Allotted Marks Allocation

(Periods) (%)
1. 16 25
2. 10 15
3. 18 30
4. 15 20
5. 05 10
Total 64 100
 6.4
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT
L T P
3 - -
RATIONALE

In the present day scenario, it has become imperative to impart entrepreneurship and
management concepts to students so that a significant percentage of them can be directed
towards setting up and managing their own small enterprises. It may be further added that
an entrepreneurial mindset with managerial skills helps the student in the job market. This
subject focuses on imparting the necessary competencies and skills of enterprise set up
and its management.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After undergoing this course, the students will be able to :

 Know about various schemes of assistance by entrepreneurial support agencies

 Conduct market survey
 Prepare project report
 Explain the principles of management including its functions in an organisation.
 Have insight into different types of organizations and their structures.
 Inculcate leadership qualities to motivate self and others.
 Manage human resources at the shop-floor
 Maintain and be a part of healthy work culture in an organisation.
 Use marketing skills for the benefit of the organization .
 Maintain books of accounts and take financial decisions.
 Undertake store management.
 Use modern concepts like TQM, JIT and CRM.

DETAILED CONTENTS

SECTION – A ENTREPRENEURSHIP

1. Introduction (10 Periods)

 Concept /Meaning and its need

 Qualities and functions of entrepreneur and barriers in entrepreneurship
 Sole proprietorship and partnership forms and other forms of business
organisations
 Schemes of assistance by entrepreneurial support agencies at National, State,
District –level, organisation: NSIC, NRDC, DC, MSME, SIDBI, NABARD,
NIESBUD, HARDICON Ltd., Commercial Banks, SFC’s TCO, KVIB, DIC,
Technology Business Incubators (TBI) and Science and Technology Entrepreneur
Parks
2. Market Survey and Opportunity Identification/Ideation (08 Periods)

 Scanning of the business environment

 Salient features of National and Haryana State industrial policies and resultant
business opportunities
 Types and conduct of market survey
 Assessment of demand and supply in potential areas of growth
 Identifying business opportunity
 Considerations in product selection
 Converting an idea into a business opportunity

3. Project report Preparation (06 Periods)

 Preliminary project report

 Detailed project report including technical, economic and market feasibility
 Common errors in project report preparations
 Exercises on preparation of project report
 Sample project report

SECTION –B MANAGEMENT

4. Introduction to Management (04 Periods)

 Definitions and importance of management

 Functions of management: Importance and process of planning, organising,
staffing, directing and controlling
 Principles of management (Henri Fayol, F.W. Taylor)
 Concept and structure of an organisation
 Types of industrial organisations and their advantages

 Line organisation, staff organisation

 Line and staff organisation
 Functional Organisation

5. Leadership and Motivation (03 Periods)

a) Leadership

 Definition and Need

 Qualities and functions of a leader
 Manager Vs leader
 Types of leadership
 Case studies of great leaders
 b) Motivation

 Definition and characteristics

 Importance of self motivation
 Factors affecting motivation
 Theories of motivation (Maslow, Herzberg, Douglas, McGregor)

6. Management Scope in Different Areas (06 Periods)

a) Human Resource Management

 Introduction and objective

 Introduction to Man power planning, recruitment and selection
 Introduction to performance appraisal methods

b) Material and Store Management

 Introduction functions, and objectives

 ABC Analysis and EOQ

c) Marketing and sales

 Introduction, importance, and its functions

 Physical distribution
 Introduction to promotion mix
 Sales promotion

d) Financial Management

 Introductions, importance and its functions

 knowledge of income tax, sales tax, excise duty, custom duty, VAT, GST

7. Work Culture (04 Periods)

7.1. Introduction and importance of Healthy Work Culture in organization
7.2. Components of Culture
7.3. Importance of attitude, values and behaviour
Behavioural Science – Individual and group behavior.
7.4. Professional ethics – Concept and need of Professional Ethics and human
values.
8. Basic of Accounting and Finance (04 Periods)

a) Basic of Accounting:

- Meaning and definition of accounting

- Double entry system of book keeping
- Trading account, PLA account and balance sheet of a company
 b) Objectives of Financial Management

- Profit Maximization v/s Wealth Maximization

9. Miscellaneous Topics (03 Periods)

a) Total Quality Management (TQM)

 Statistical process control

 Total employees Involvement
 Just in time (JIT)

b) Intellectual Property Right (IPR)

 Introduction, definition and its importance

 Infringement related to patents, copy right, trade mark

INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY

Some of the topics may be taught using question/answer, assignment, seminar or case
study method. The teacher will discuss stories and case studies with students, which in
turn will develop appropriate managerial and entrepreneurial qualities in the students. In
addition, expert lecturers may also be arranged from outside experts and students may be
taken to nearby industrial organisations on visit. Approach extracted reading and handouts
may be provided.

MEANS OF ASSESSMENT

Assignments and quiz/class tests, mid-term and end-term written tests, model/prototype
making

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. A Handbook of Entrepreneurship, Edited by BS Rathore and Dr JS Saini; Aapga

Publications, Panchkula (Haryana)
2. Entrepreneurship Development and Management by J.S.Narang; Dhanpat Rai &
Sons, Delhi.
3. Entrepreneurship Development by CB Gupta and P Srinivasan, Sultan Chand and
Sons, New Delhi
4. Handbook of Small Scale Industry by PM Bhandari
5. Entrepreneurship Development and Management by MK Garg
6. e-books/e-tools/relevant software to be used as recommended by
AICTE/HSBTE/NITTTR.
Websites for Reference:

http://swayam.gov.in
 SUGGESTED DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS

Topic No. Time Allotted Marks Allotted (%)

(Periods)
1 10 20
2 08 16
3 06 14
4 04 10
5 03 06
6 06 14
7 04 08
8 04 08
9 03 06
Total 48 100
6.5 INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
L T P
4 - -
RATIONALE

In his career as a supervisor, an electrical engineering technician will be called upon to

inspect, test and modify the work done by skilled workers or artisans working under him.
Many a times it will become necessary for him to demonstrate the correct method and
procedure of doing certain operations. Normally manufacturers of heavy electrical
equipment provide service manuals, instructions for installation, maintenance and fault
location. Indian Electricity Rules and Indian Standard Specifications also provide enough
guidelines. This syllabus has been designed to provide certain guidelines and broad
principles regarding the above activities. Appropriate field trips will reinforce the
learning.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After undergoing the subject, the students will be able to:

 Erect/install various electrical equipment as per IE Rules Act by adopting all

safety measures.
 Prepare specifications for different items required for transmission lines.
 Design and excavation of cable trenches.
 Lay underground cables
 Test cables and their termination.
 Check HT/LT circuit breakers, transformers and related equipment in a
substation
 Carry out earthing, make earth pits and measure earth resistance values.
 Find fault in a transmission/distribution system.
 Carry out preventive maintenance to minimize breakdowns.
DETAILED CONTENTS

1. Tools and Accessories (04 Periods)

Tools, accessories and instruments required for installation, maintenance and

repair work. Knowledge of Indian Electricity rules, safety codes, causes and
prevention of accidents, artificial respiration of an electrocuted person, workmen's
safety devices

2. Installation (18 Periods)

2.1 Installation of transmission and Distribution Lines:

Erection of steel structures, connecting jumpers, tee-off points, joints and

dead ends; crossing of roads, streets, power/telecommunication lines and
railway line crossings, clearances; earthing of transmission lines and
 guarding, spacing and configuration of conductors: Arrangement for
suspension and strain insulators, bird guards, anti-climbing devices and
danger plates; sizes of conductor, earthwire and guy wires.

Laying of service lines, earthing, provision of service fuses, installation of

energy meters

2.2 Laying of Underground Cables:

Inspection, storage, transportation and handling of cables, cable handling

equipment, cable laying depths and clearances from other services such as:
water, sewerage, gas, heating and other mains, and also a series of power
and telecommunication cables and coordination with these services,
excavation of trenches, direct cable laying, including laying of cable from
the drum, laying cable in the trench, taking all measurements and making
drawings, back filling of trenches with earth or sand, laying protective
layer of bricks etc,) laying of cables into pipes and conduits and within
buildings.

2.3 Elementary idea regarding, inspection and handling of transformers; pole

mounted substations, plinth mounted substations, grid substation, busbars,
isolators, voltage and current transformers, lightning arrestors, control and
relay panels, HT/LT circuit breakers, LT switches, installation of
power/distribution transformers, dehydration. Earthing system, fencing of
yard, equipment foundations and trenches etc..

2.4 Testing of various electrical equipment such as electrical motor,

transformers, cables, and generators, motor control centres, medium
voltage distribution panels, power control centres, motor control centres,
lighting arrangement, storage, pre-installation checks, connecting and
starting, pre-commissioning checks, drying out

3. Maintenance (42 Periods)

3.1 Types of maintenance, maintenance schedules, procedures

3.2 Maintenance of Transmission and Distribution System

Authorized persons, danger notice, caution notice, permit to work,

arranging of shutdowns personally, temporary earthing, cancellation of
permit and restoration of supply.

Patrolling and visual inspection of lines - points to be noted during

patrolling from ground; special inspections and night inspections;
 Location of faults using Meggar, effect of open or loose neutral
connections, provision of proper fuses on service lines and their effect on
system, causes of dim and flickering lights.

3.3 Maintenance of Distribution Transformers

Transformer maintenance and points to be attended to in respect of various

items of equipment

Checking of insulation resistance, transformer oil level and BDV test of

oil, measurement of earth resistance

3.4 Maintenance of Grid Substations

Checking and maintenance of busbars, isolating switches, HT/LT circuit

breakers, LT switches. Power transformers

3.5 Maintenance of Motors

Over hauling of motors, preventive maintenance, trouble shooting of

electric motors

3.6 Domestic Installation

Introduction, testing of electrical installation of a building, testing of

insulation resistance to earth, testing of insulation and resistance between
conductors, continuity or open circuit test

INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY

This subject needs theoretical and practical inputs. Demonstration at actual site may be
arranged for conceptual understanding. The subject teacher should plan in advance about
the visits to the actual sites and establish liaison with the appropriate authorities/ persons
with the help of HOD and Principal of the institution. The students be taken to actual
workplace and explain various test procedures.

MEANS OF ASSESSMENT
 Assignments and quiz/class tests, mid-term and end-term written tests,
model/prototype making
 Actual laboratory and practical work, model/prototype making, assembly and
disassembly exercises and viva-voce
RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Testing, Commissioning , Operation and Maintenance of Electrical Equipment by

S Rao, Khanna Technical Publication, New Delhi

2.. Preventive Maintenance of Electrical Apparatus by SK Sharotri, Katson

Publishing House, Ludhiana

3 Installation and Maintenance of Electrical Equipment by Praveen Kumar, North

Publication, Jalandhar

3 e-books/e-tools/relevant software to be used as recommended by

AICTE/HSBTE/NITTTR.

Websites for Reference:

http://swayam.gov.in

SUGGESTED DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS

Topic No Time Allotted Marks Allocation

(Periods) (%)
1 4 5
2 18 30
3 42 65
Total 64 100
 6.6 MAJOR PROJECT WORK

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RATIONALE

Major Project Work aims at developing innovative skills in the students whereby they
apply in totality the knowledge and skills gained through the course work in the solution
of particular problem or by undertaking a project. In addition, the project work is intended
to place students for project oriented practical training in actual work situation for the
stipulated period.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After undergoing the project work, students will be able to:

Apply in totality the knowledge and skills gained through the course work in the
solution of particular problem or by undertaking a project. In addition, the project
work is intended to place the learner for project oriented practical training in actual work
situation for the stipulated period with a view to:

 Develop understanding regarding the size and scale of operations and nature of
field-work in which students are going to play their role after completing the
courses of study

 Develop understanding of subject based knowledge given in the classroom in the

context of its application at work places.

 Develop first hand experience and confidence amongst the students to enable them
to use and apply polytechnic/institute based knowledge and skills to solve
practical problems related to the world of work.

 Develop abilities like interpersonal skills, communication skills, positive attitudes

and values etc.

General Guidelines

The individual students have different aptitudes and strengths. Project work, therefore,
should match the strengths of students. For this purpose, students should be asked to
identify the type of project work, they would like to execute. The activity of problem
identification should begin well in advance (say at the end of second year). Students
should be allotted a problem of interest to him/her as a major project work. It is also
essential that the faculty of the respective department may have a brainstorming session to
identify suitable project assignments for their students. The project assignment can be
individual assignment or a group assignment. There should not be more than 3 students if
the project work is given to a group. The project work identified in collaboration with
industry should be preferred.

This practical training cum project work should not be considered as merely
conventional industrial training in which students are sent at work places with either
minimal or no supervision. This experience is required to be planned in advance and
supervised on regular basis by the polytechnic faculty. For the fulfillment of above
objectives, polytechnics may establish close linkage with 8-10 relevant organization for
providing such an experience to students. It is necessary that each organization is visited
well in advance and activities to be performed by students are well defined. The chosen
activities should be such that it matches with the curricular interest to students and of
professional value to industrial/ field organizations. Each teacher is expected to supervise
and guide 5-6 students.

Some of the project activities are given below:

- Projects related to designing small electrical equipment / instruments.

- Projects related to increasing productivity in electrical manufacturing areas.
- Projects related to quality assurance.
- Projects connected with repair and maintenance of plant and equipment.
- Projects related to design of PCBs.
- Projects related to design of small oscillators and amplifier circuits.
- Projects related to design, fabrication, testing and application of simple digital
circuits and components.
- Projects related to microprocessor/microcontroller based circuits/ instruments.

A suggestive list of project is given below:-

1. Design and fabrication of control panel for various applications in the field of
electrical engineering.
2. Rewinding of a single phase/three phase induction motor
3. Fabrication of working model of a solar thermal power plant.
4. Design and fabrication of automated car parking system.
5. Design and fabrication of automated gate control of railway crossing.
6. Design and fabrication of electrical resistive/inductive/capacitive loads.
7. Design and fabrication of remote control of various domestic electrical appliances.
8. Design and fabrication of microcontroller based DC drive system.
9. Design and fabrication of automatic water level control system.
10. Design and fabrication of automatic solar battery charger.
11. Fabrication of automatic star-delta starter.
12. Fabrication of working model of hydro electric power plant.
13. Fabrication of sine wave inverter up to 500VA.
14. Fabrication of water level indicator.
15. Fabrication of rain/fire/ smoke/burglar detector.
16. Fabrication of automatic solar panel based street lights.
17. Fabrication of automatic solar panel based traffic lights
18. Fabrication of automatic voltage stabilizer up to 1 KVA.
19. Fabrication of working model of wind power plant.
20. Fabrication of heat convector blower with humidifier.
21. Fabrication of oil based radiation type room heater.
22. Fabrication of small 1- phase transformer up to 1KVA.
23. Fabrication of UPS up to 500VA.
24. Fabrication of a distribution board as per requirement.
25. Fabrication of Direct-On-Line (DOL) starter.
26. Fabrication of solar tracking system.
27. Fabrication of automatic power factor corrector.
28. Fabrication of desert cooler/ room cooler.
29. Fabrication of electric/solar water heater.
30. Erection, installation & commissioning of electrical equipments.
31. Fault detection & repair of electrical/ electronic instruments.
32. Drawing, estimating and costing of electrical installation of the institution from
supplier’s pole to the institution distribution board.
33. Drawing, estimating and costing of electrical installation of a workshop having a
given number of electrically operated appliances/machines.
34. To study the laying out of underground distribution cable for a small colony
starting from main distribution pole.
35. To study the erection of a 5 pole span over head line for a small distance for
distribution of electrical energy and to prepare list of material required.
36. Energy audit for the workshop of your institution & to suggest remedies to reduce
electricity bills.
37. Estimate the material required to provide a service connection to a consumer’s
premises for domestic purposes.
38. To survey the load of a given area in a village, small colony, calculate the
effective load and find out the sizes of cables/conductors for the proposed
distribution system.
39. Designing of light and fan scheme for an institutional or commercial building.
40. To study and estimate the material required during augmentation of a nearby pole
mounted sub-station.
41. To study and estimate the material required during augmentation of a nearby in
door sub-station.
42. To study and estimate the material required for a solar power station up to 100KW
after visiting the actual site
43. To prepare a proposal for substation of your institution , calculating the total load
(estimating and costing)
44. Installation of home security system
45. Detection of electricity theft control system with wireless indication system
46. Fabrication of cyclo-converter ( frequency changer)
47. Design and fabrication of panel for automatic switching of DG set with supply
system
48. Design and fabrication of wireless AC Power transmission.
49. Design and fabrication of solar energy bored projects like solar cooker, solar
dryer, solar street light, solar inverter, solar pump, solar emergency light etc.

NOTE: The project should be preferably undertaken by a group of students depending

upon cost and time involved.

There is no binding to take up the above projects as it is only a suggestive list of projects.
A suggestive criterion for assessing student performance by the external (person from
industry) and internal (teacher) examiner is given in table below:

Sr. Performance Criteria Max.** Rating Scale

No. Marks Excel Very Good Fair Poor
lent Good
1. Selection of project assignment 10% 10 8 6 4 2
2. Planning and execution of 10% 10 8 6 4 2
considerations
3. Quality of performance 20% 20 16 12 8 4
4. Providing solution of the 20% 20 16 12 8 4
problems or production of final
product
5. Sense of responsibility 10% 10 8 6 4 2
6. Self expression/ 5% 5 4 3 2 1
communication skills
7. Interpersonal skills/human 5% 5 4 3 2 1
relations
8. Report writing skills 10% 10 8 6 4 2
9 Viva voce 10% 10 8 6 4 2

Total marks 100 100 80 60 40 20

The overall grading of the practical training shall be made as per following table.

In order to qualify for the diploma, students must get “Overall Good grade” failing which
the students may be given one more chance to improve and re-evaluate before being
disqualified and declared “not eligible to receive diploma ”. It is also important to note
that the students must get more than six “goods” or above “good” grade in different
performance criteria items in order to get “Overall Good” grade.

Range of maximum marks Overall grade

i) More than 80 Excellent

ii) 79 <> 65 Very good
iii) 64 <> 50 Good
iv) 49 <> 40 Fair
v) Less than 40 Poor

Important Notes

1. This criteria must be followed by the internal and external examiner and they should
see the daily, weekly and monthly reports while awarding marks as per the above
criteria.
2. The criteria for evaluation of the students have been worked out for 200 maximum
marks. The internal and external examiners will evaluate students separately and
give marks as per the study and evaluation scheme of examination.

3. The external examiner, preferably, a person from industry/organization, who has

been associated with the project-oriented professional training of the students,
should evaluate the students performance as per the above criteria.

4. It is also proposed that two students or two projects which are rated best be given
merit certificate at the time of annual day of the institute. It would be better if
specific nearby industries are approached for instituting such awards.

The teachers are free to evolve other criteria of assessment, depending upon the type of
project work.

It is proposed that the institute may organize an annual exhibition of the project work
 6.7 SOFT SKILLS – IV
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RATIONALE

The present day world requires professionals who are not only well qualified and
competent but also possess good communication skills. The diploma students not only
need to possess subject related knowledge but also soft skills to get good jobs or to rise
steadily at their work place. The objective of this subject is to prepare students for
employability in job market.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
After undergoing this course, the students will be able to:
 Communicate effectively.
 Apply techniques of effective time management
 Develop habits to overcome stress
 Face problems with confidence
 Exhibit attributes required to appear for an interview
 Learn about current and future career opportunities
 Exhibit entrepreneurial skills
 Use QC/QT tools

DETAILED CONTENTS

 Communication Skills - Presentation

 Time management
 Stress Management
 Problem solving
 Career opportunities-Current and future
 Entrepreneurial Skills
 Quality and Quality tools used in industry

In addition, the students must participate in the following activities to be organized

in the institute

 Sports
 NCC/NSS
 Cultural Event

Note : Extension Lectures by experts may be organized. There will be no examination

for this subject.