Kalmar Empty Container Handler 8-10T DCF 80-100 Operator Manual

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8-10T DCF 80-100 Operator Manual
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 are invited to come: Hearing Mr. Moody preach out of ye 3rd of Mal. 3 last
verses it put me upon Consideration. Ye 11th of Matt., ending, has been
encouraging to me—I have been resolving to offer my Self from time to time
ever since the Settlement of the present Ministry. I was awakened by the first
Sacraml Sermon [Luke 14:17]. But Delays and fears prevailed upon me: But I
desire to Delay no longer, being Sensible it is my Duty—I desire the Church to
receive me tho' it be the Eleventh hour; and pray for me that I may honer
God and receive the Salvation of My Soul.
"Hannah Duston, wife of Thomas. Ætat 67."

Mrs. Duston lived in the old house at Haverhill for many years after
her remarkable escape.

XI

THE OLD MANSE AND THE WAYSIDE, CONCORD,

MASSACHUSETTS

TWO HOUSES MADE FAMOUS BY NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE

Nathaniel Hawthorne was thirty-eight years old before he was able
to begin the ideal life of Adam with his Eve, to which he had looked
forward for many years.
"I want a little piece of land that I can call my own, big enough to
stand upon, big enough to be buried in," he said to a friend when he
was thirty-four years old. Lack of money delayed the realization, but
it is a curious fact that the marriage to Sophia Peabody took place
just after he had made up his mind that the thousand dollars he had
invested in the Emerson Brook Farm experiment was gone forever.
The marriage took place July 9, 1842, and housekeeping was at
once begun in the Old Manse at Concord, which was built in 1765 by
Emerson's grandfather. But he was merely a renter; his dream of
ownership was to be delayed ten years longer. The great rooms of
the curious gambrel-roofed house were rather bare, and there was a
scarcity of everything except love, yet the author and his bride found
nothing but joy in the retired garden and the dormer-windowed
house.
Hawthorne's own charming description of the house and grounds is
so attractive that the reader wishes to visit them:
"Between two tall gateposts of rough-hewn stone (the gate itself having fallen
from its hinges at some unknown epoch), we beheld the grey front of the old
parsonage terminating the vista of an avenue of black ash trees. It was now a
twelvemonth since the funeral procession of the venerable clergyman, the last
inhabitant, had turned from that gateway toward the village burying
ground....
"Nor, in truth, had the old manse ever been profaned by a lay occupant until
that memorable summer afternoon when I entered it as my home. A priest
had built it; a priest had succeeded to it; other priestly owners from time to
time had dwelt in it; and children born in the chambers had grown up to
assume the priestly character. It was awful to recollect how many sermons
must have been written there. The latest inhabitant there—he by whose
translation to paradise the dwelling was left vacant—had penned nearly three
thousand discourses.... How often, no doubt, had he paced along the avenue,
attuning his meditations to sighs and gentle murmurs, and deep and solemn
peals of the wind among the leafy tops of the trees!... I took shame to myself
for having been so long a writer of idle stories, and ventured to hope that
wisdom would descend upon me with the falling leaves of the autumn, and
that I should light upon an intellectual treasure in the Old Manse well worth
those hoards of long-hidden gold which people seek for in moss-grown
houses."

Two years after their marriage, Mrs. Hawthorne wrote to her

mother:
"I have no time, as you may imagine. I am baby's tire-woman, hand-maiden,
and tender, as well as nursing mother. My husband relieves me with her
constantly, and gets her to sleep beautifully.... The other day, when my
husband saw me contemplating an appalling vacuum in his dressing-gown, he
said he was a man of the largest rents in the country, and it was strange he
had not more ready money.... But, somehow or other, I do not care much,
because we are so happy."

Hawthorne did much of his work in the rear room where Emerson
wrote. In the introduction to "Mosses from an Old Manse" he said of
this apartment:
 "When I first saw the room, the walls were blackened with the smoke of
unnumbered years, and made still blacker by the grim prints of Puritan
ministers, that hung around.... The rain pattered upon the roof and the sky
gloomed through the dirty garret windows while I burrowed among the
venerable books in search of any living thought."

From his writing Hawthorne turned easily to wandering in the garden

or rowing on the river or helping his wife about the house. "We had
a most enchanting time during Mary the cook's holiday sojourn in
Boston," Mrs. Hawthorne wrote at one time. "We remained in our
bower undisturbed by mortal creature. Mr. Hawthorne took the new
phases of housekeeper, and, with that marvellous power of
adaptation to circumstances that he possesses, made everything go
easily and well. He rose betimes in the mornings and kindled fires in
the kitchen and breakfast room, and by the time I came down the
tea-kettle boiled and potatoes were baked and rice cooked, and my
lord sat with a book superintending."
Poverty put an untimely end to life at the Old Manse. The years from
1846 to 1852 were spent in Boston and Salem. In 1852 Hawthorne
was able to buy a dilapidated old house at Concord, which he called
The Wayside. Here he remained until his appointment in 1853 as
American Consul at Liverpool, and to it he returned after long
wandering.
The Wayside had been the home of Bronson Alcott. Here Mr. and
Mrs. Hawthorne made their second real home. They rejoiced as, a
little at a time, they were able to improve the property, and they
showed always that they knew the secret of finding happiness in the
midst of privations.
Hawthorne described his new abode for his friend, George William
Curtis:
"As for my old house, you will understand it better after spending a day or
two in it. Before Mr. Alcott took it in hand, it was a mean-looking affair, with
two peaked gables; no suggestion about it and no venerableness, although
from the style of its architecture it seems to have survived beyond its first
century. He added a porch in front, and a central peak, and a piazza at each
end, and painted it a rusty olive hue, and invested the whole with a modest
 picturesqueness; all which improvements, together with the situation at the
foot of a wooded hill, make it a place that one notices and remembers for a
few minutes after passing it....
"The house stands within ten or fifteen feet of the old Boston road (along
which the British marched and retreated), divided from it by a fence, and
some trees and shrubbery of Mr. Alcott's setting out. Wherefore I have called
it 'The Wayside,' which I think a better name and more morally suggestive
than that which, as Mr. Alcott has since told me, he bestowed on it, 'The
Hillside.' In front of the house, on the opposite side of the road, I have eight
acres of land,—the only valuable portion of the place in a farmer's eye, and
which are capable of being made very fertile. On the hither side, my territory
extends some little distance over the brow of the hill, and is absolutely good
for nothing, in a productive point of view, though very good for many other
purposes.
"I know nothing of the history of the house, except Thoreau's telling me that
it was inhabited a generation or two ago by a man who believed he should
never die. I believe, however, he is dead; at least, I hope so; else he may
probably appear and dispute my title to his residence."

In furnishing the house Mrs. Hawthorne took keen pleasure in

putting the best of everything in her husband's study. She called it
"the best room, the temple of the Muses and the Delphic shrine."
In these surroundings, supported by a wife who worshipped him,
Hawthorne wrote until the call came to go to England. It was 1860
before he returned to The Wayside. There he hoped to end his life,
but death overtook him at Plymouth, New Hampshire, while he was
making a tour of New England with Franklin Pierce. Mrs. Hawthorne
survived him seven years.
 Photo by Ph. B. Wallace

ROYALL HOUSE, MEDFORD, MASS.

XII

THE ROYALL HOUSE, MEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS

FROM WHOSE ROOF MOLLY STARK SIGNALLED TO

HER HUSBAND
One who is familiar with the old plantation houses of Virginia is
tempted to rub his eyes when he first sees the Royall House at
Medford, Massachusetts, for this relic of Colonial days has the
outbuildings, the slave-quarters, and other characteristics of so
many Virginia houses. True, it has not the low wings and the stately
columns at the entrance, but the doorway is so chaste and dignified
that this is not felt to be a lack. Those who enter the doorway and
walk reverently through the rooms of what has been called the finest
specimen of colonial architecture in the vicinity of Boston, are filled
anew with admiration for the builders of another day who chose the
finest white pine for their work, and would not dream of scamping
anywhere. Evidently there was little need in those days of the
services of an inspector to see that the terms of a contract were
carried out.
The history of the property goes back to 1631, when Governor John
Winthrop, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, who
served for nineteen years, secured a grant to the farm on which,
within six or seven years, the original dormer-windowed Royall
House was built. This was smaller than the present house, but it was
later incorporated in the present stately mansion; one story was
added, and the outer wall was moved a few feet. Thus it is really a
house within a house.
At the time of Governor Winthrop's ownership it was called the Ten-
Hill Farmhouse, because ten hills could be seen from its windows.
John Winthrop, Jr., sold the place to Mrs. Elizabeth Lidgett.
Lieutenant Governor Usher married a Lidgett, and owned the estate
until he lost it through business reverses. The name was not
changed until 1732, when the house was bought by Isaac Royall, a
planter from Antigua, in the Leeward Islands, a descendant of
William Royall of Salem. He paid £10,350 for the estate, which then
consisted of five hundred and four acres. It was he who enlarged
the house. For five years the neighbors watched the transformation
of the comfortable Ten-Hill Farmhouse to the great Royall House,
with its enclosing wall, elm-bordered driveway, pleasing garden,
summerhouse, great barn, and rambling slave-quarters.
Two generations of Royalls entertained lavishly here. Among the
guests were the most celebrated men of the time, as well as many
who were not so well known, for all were welcome there. Many of
these guests drove up the driveway to the paved courtyard in their
own grand equipages. Some were brought in the four-horse Royall
chariot. But those who came on foot were welcomed as heartily.
Isaac Royall, II, was a Tory, and in 1775 he was compelled to
abandon the property. Thereupon Colonel, later General, John Stark
made it his headquarters. The regiment which he had himself raised,
and whose wages he paid for a time from his own pocket, was
encamped near by. From the Royall house these men and their
intrepid leader went out to the Battle of Bunker Hill.
Under the direction of Molly Stark the house maintained its
reputation for hospitality, and she did her best to make the place the
abode of patriotism. On the day when the British evacuated Boston
she promised her husband to signal to him from the roof the
movements of the enemy. Passing on with his soldiers to Dorchester
Heights, he anxiously awaited the news sent to him by his faithful
Molly.
The Royall family regained possession of the property in 1805. To-
day it is owned by the Royall House Association, which keeps it open
to the visitors. These come in large numbers to see relics of former
days, including what is said to be the only chest that survived the
Boston Tea Party, the sign of the Royall Oak Tavern in Medford,
which bears the marks of the bullets of the soldiers who were on
their way to the Battle of Bunker Hill, the old furniture, the first fork
used in the Colony, and the furnishings of the quaint kitchen
fireplace, which dates from 1732.
 Photo by Wallace Nutting, Inc., Framingham Center, Mass

BROADHEARTH, SAUGUS, MASS.

XIII

BROADHEARTH AND THE BENNET-BOARDMAN

HOUSE, SAUGUS, MASSACHUSETTS

TWO REMARKABLE SPECIMENS OF THE OVERHANG HOUSE

"Thomas Dexter of Lyn, yeoman," was the first owner of much of the
land on which Lynn, Massachusetts, is built. Evidently he was land
poor, for on October 22, 1639, he "mortgaged his fearme in Lyn ...
for two oxen & 2 bulls upon condition of payment to Simon
Broadstreet of Ipswich £90 the first day of August, the next
following with a reservation upon the sale of the said fearme to give
the said Dexter the overflow above the debt and damages of the
said £90."
Six years later the Registry of Deeds at Salem told of the sale, to
Richard Leader, Gent, of England, of a bit of the farm on which
Governor Broadstreet held a mortgage. Mr. Leader was the agent of
"ye Company of undertakers of ye Iron Works," and he thought that
Dexter had the best location for the purposes of the company that
proposed to start what proved to be the first successful iron works in
the Colonies. The quaint story of the transaction was entered thus:
"Thomas Dexter of Lyn in the County of Essex ye[oman] for the sum of 40 £
st[erling] hath sowld unto Richard Leder for ye use of ye Iron works all that
land, wch by reason of [a] damme now agreed to be made, shall overflow
and all sufficient ground for a water course from the damme, to the works to
be erected, and alsoe all [the] land betwene the an[cient] water course and
the new extended flume or water course togeather with five acres and an
halfe of land lying in the corn field most convenient for the Iron Works and
also tooe convenient cartwayes that is to one on each side of the premises as
by a deed indented bearing date the twentie seaventh of January, 1645, more
at lardge apth."

On the ground thus bought a sturdy house, Broadhearth, was built

in 1646. The second story overhung the first story, after the manner
of many English houses of the period. The overhang is still in
evidence, though a veranda has hidden it except to the careful
observer.
The first product of the iron works, a kettle, was made in 1642. This
is still in existence. During more than one hundred years neighboring
colonists looked to the foundry for their supplies of house hardware,
furnishings, and implements of iron. The site of the foundry was
opposite the house, while traces of the pits from which the bog ore
was dug are easily found in the field at the rear. Remains of scoria
and slag are also pointed out to the visitor by employees of the
Wallace Nutting Corporation, which has restored the house as nearly
as possible to its original condition and has placed in it furniture of
the period. A caretaker has been placed in charge who will copy for
applicants iron work in the house, or other old examples. Thus, in a
modest way, the Saugus Iron Works has been reëstablished.
 Photo by Halliday Historic Photograph Company

BENNET-BOARDMAN HOUSE,
SAUGUS, MASS.

Another specimen of the overhang house is not far away. This is the
house built some time between 1649 and 1656 by Samuel Bennet,
carpenter. It is famous as the house that has been in two counties,
Suffolk and Essex, and in four towns, Boston, Lynn, Chelsea, and
Saugus.
That it was once in Boston was due to the narrow strip of the
territory of the city that stretched far out in the country, somewhat
after the manner of a portion of a modern gerrymandered legislative
district. When the district was set off as Chelsea and Lynn, in
response to a petition of citizens who were inconvenienced by their
distance from town meetings, the boundaries between Chelsea and
Lynn were carelessly marked; one line ran directly through the front
door and the chimney of the Bennet house. This mistake, which
caused annoyance and expense to those who occupied the house,
was not corrected for more than one hundred years. Finally Abijah
Boardman asked that he be relieved of his double liability to Lynn
and Chelsea, and in 1803, by Act of the General Court, the petition
was granted.
Bennet, the builder of the house, figured more than once in the
courts. In 1644 the Grand Jury indicted him as "a Common sleeper
in time of exercise," and he was fined 2s. 6d. In 1671 he brought
suit against the Iron Works Company for £400 for labor. In
connection with this suit John Paule, whose "constant employment
was to repair carts, coale carts, mine carts, and other working
materials" for the "tiemes" at the iron works, testified that "my
master Bennet did yearly yearme a vast sum from said Iron Works,
for he commonly yearmed forty or fifty shillings a daye, for he had
five or six teemes goeing generally every faire day."
Bennets and Boardmans have held the house from the beginning.
The Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities has
interested itself in the protection of the property.

XIV

THE COLONEL JEREMIAH LEE HOUSE,

MARBLEHEAD, MASSACHUSETTS

THE HOME OF ONE OF THE EARLIEST MARTYRS TO THE CAUSE OF

THE COLONIES
Marblehead was a comparatively insignificant port when Jeremiah
Lee came to town. At once he made a place for himself among the
humble fishermen and other seafaring men of the place. He was a
member of the Board of Firewards in the town's first fire
department, and he served on important committees.
When, in 1768, he built a wonderful mansion that cost more than
ten thousand pounds, the most wonderful house in Massachusetts at
the time, his townsmen knew him well enough to understand that he
was their good friend, even if he did have much more money than
any of them.
The Lee Mansion was a hospitable home. The Colonel and his wife
Martha entertained lavishly, not only the people of the town but
famous men from abroad. In 1789 Washington was entertained in
the house. But it was one of the glories of the mansion that the
humblest mariner in the place was not slow to go there if he wished
to have a chat with the bluff owner or if he desired to go to the
quaint cupola from which it is possible to look far out to sea. To this
outlook Colonel Lee himself often went, for his ships were sailing to
Marblehead from all parts of the world, and he was as eager as any
one to turn his eyes seaward.
The house is sixty-four feet by forty-six feet, and the walls are of
brick, though they are covered with wooden clapboards two feet by
one and a half feet. There are fifteen rooms, in addition to the great
halls that make the house seem like a palace.
In these rooms the Colonel conferred with other patriots as to the
welfare of Massachusetts and all the colonies. From the house he
went out to the town meetings where the men gathered to talk over
the Boston Port Bill and the Boston Tea Party and questions of
Taxation without Representation.
He rejoiced to serve as a representative in the General Court and on
the Committee of Safety and Supplies of the Province. He was
chosen to represent the town in the Continental Congress, and when
he was unable to go, Elbridge Gerry, who later became Vice-
President of the United States, was sent in his place at the expense
of the town.
On the night of April 18, 1775, in company with Elbridge Gerry and
Azor Orin, who were members with him of the Committee of Safety
and Supplies, he was attending a meeting at Weatherby's Black
Horse Tavern just outside of Cambridge. The meeting adjourned so
late that the three men decided to spend the night at the tavern.
The eight hundred British soldiers who were on their way that night
to Lexington learned of the presence in Cambridge of the patriots.
Some one rushed to the tavern and roused them from slumber. They
did not even have time to put on their clothes, but ran at once from
the house and hid themselves at some distance from the tavern.
When the disappointed troops had gone on, the hunted men
returned to their room.
Three weeks later Lee died as the result of the exposure. He has
been called one of the earliest martyrs to the cause of the Colonies.
Before he died he left directions that five thousand pounds should be
given to the treasury of the provinces.
Mrs. Lee, who was Martha Swett of Marblehead, lived on in the
mansion with those of her eight children who had not gone already
to homes of their own. Under her guidance the hospitality for which
the house had become noted was maintained.
Those who pass between the beautiful porch pillars and enter the
chaste colonial doorway are amazed at the remarkable hallway and
the stairs. The hall is fifteen feet wide and extends the length of the
house. It is heavily wainscoted with mahogany. On the walls hangs
remarkable panelled paper whose designs, depicting ancient
architecture, are in keeping with the majestic proportions of the
place. The stairway is so wide that four or five people can climb it
abreast and the balustrade and the spindles are of exquisite
workmanship.
The rear stairway is far more ornate than the best stairway in most
houses, and the rooms are in keeping with the hall and the
stairways.
The cupola is one of the most striking features of the house. Here
six windows give a view that is worth going far to see.
When Mrs. Lee died, the property descended to her son. Judge
Samuel Sewell was a later owner. But the day came when it was to
be sold at auction. All Marblehead feared that the historic place
would be destroyed. Fortunately the Marblehead Historical Society
was able to raise the fifty-five hundred dollars needed to secure it.
Since July 9, 1909, the Society has owned the mansion. For six
months of every year it is open to visitors who throng to see the
choice collection of china, portraits, embroidery, and furniture that
has been gathered together by the Society.
 Photo Furnished by Rev. A. McDonald, Newburyport, Mass.

OLD SOUTH CHURCH,

NEWBURYPORT, MASS.

XV

THE OLD SOUTH CHURCH, NEWBURYPORT,

MASSACHUSETTS

WHERE GEORGE WHITEFIELD, THE GREAT EVANGELIST,

IS BURIED
More than one hundred years after the organization of the First
Church of Newburyport, Rev. George Whitefield, then a young man
of twenty-six, preached in the community. "The Great Awakening,"
which followed, spread all over New England, and more than thirty
thousand were converted. Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, the
Tennents, and others led in the work that had such wonderful
results.
Five years after Whitefield's visit to Newburyport the Old South
Church was organized, most of those who became members having
been converted under Whitefield's preaching. The new church was
actually a Presbyterian church from the beginning, though it did not
finally adopt the Presbyterian form of government until 1802.
The members of the new church were called "a misguided band,"
and "new schemers." Their first pastor was called a dissenting
minister. Their protest against these aspersions took the form of a
petition to "The King's Most Excellent Majesty," which was a prayer
for that "equal liberty of conscience in worshipping God" that had
already been granted to others. The petition recited the desire of the
people to be relieved of taxation "for the support of ministers on
whose ministry they cannot in conscience attend," and stated that,
because of their refusal to pay what they felt were unjust taxes,
"honest and peaceable men have been hauled away to prison to
their great hurt and damage."
When the petition was presented to the king by Mr. Partridge, their
agent, he declared that they were not "a wild, friekish people," and
cited as an argument for relief from double taxation that, while they
had some wealthy members, there were among them "more poor
widows than all the other congregations in town put together." He
said those who protested against double taxation had been "dragged
about upon the ground," dressed up in bear skins and worried, and
imprisoned.
The protest did not bring relief at once; it was 1773 before the
General Court granted the plea of the members. For more than
twenty years more the town tried to collect double taxes, but in
1795 the rights of the members of Old South were conceded.
The first building, erected in 1743, gave way in 1756 to the structure
still in use. Alterations made since that time have not made any
great change in its appearance, except in the tower, which was
repaired in 1848, because it was thought that the timber must be
decaying. However, to the surprise of the carpenters who undertook
the repairs, they were found as sound as ever. A half-hour was
required to saw through one of them!
The bell in the new tower was cast by Paul Revere. Surmounting the
spire is a cock which was perched on the original tower. When this
tower, after the carpenters had done all they could with their saws,
was pulled over by horses and oxen, the cock broke loose and fell at
some distance. The man who picked up the figure was surprised to
find that it was of solid copper, instead of wood, as had been
thought, and that it weighed more than fifty pounds.
In the original pews there was a central chair, surrounded by seats
hung on hinges. Over the pulpit was a sounding board. At the head
of the pulpit stair a seat was provided for the sexton, that he might
be on hand to trim the candles during the evening service.
The official history of the church, written by Dr. H. C. Hovey, gives
interesting facts concerning the heating of the old building:
"For seventy years those who crowded this church depended on footstoves
altogether for warmth in winter; while the minister preached in his ample
cloak, and wore gloves with a finger and thumb cut off to enable him the
better to turn the leaves. A law was made allowing the sexton twenty cents
for each footstove that he had to fill before service and remove afterward. A
great sensation was made in 1819 by the introduction of wood stoves at an
outlay of $100. The first day they were in place the people were so overcome
that some of them fainted away and were carried out of the house; but they
revived on learning that as yet no fire had been kindled in the new stoves.
The doors of the stoves opened into the ample vestibule, where the custom
continued of ranging the many footstoves in a wide circle to be filled with live
coals from the stove."
On the Sunday after the battle of Lexington Dr. Jonathan Parsons
made an appeal in the name of liberty. After this Captain Ezra Lunt
stepped into the aisle and formed a company of sixty men, which is
said to have been the first company of volunteers to join the
Continental Army.
Later Newburyport supplied a number of companies. But the call
came for still another company. "Day after day the recruiting officers
toiled in vain," Dr. Hovey writes, "Finally the regiment was invited to
the Presbyterian church, where they were addressed in such spirited
and stirring words that once again a number of this church stepped
forth to take the covenant, and in two hours after the benediction
had been spoken the entire company was raised."
During the war twenty-two vessels and one thousand men, from the
towns of Newbury and Newburyport, were lost at sea. The first
American flag seen in British waters, after the cessation of hostilities,
was displayed in the Thames by Nicholas Johnson of Newburyport,
captain of the Compte de Grasse.
Among the treasures of the church is the Bible which Whitefield
used. The evangelist, who died Sunday, September 30, 1770, is
buried in the crypt under the pulpit where he had planned to preach
on the very day of his death, as he had preached many times during
the years since the building of the church. To this dark crypt
thousands of reverent visitors have groped their way. One, less
reverent, removed an arm of the skeleton and carried it to England
as a relic. No one knew what had become of it until, after the death
of the thief, it was returned to Newburyport, together with a bust of
Whitefield. This bust is also one of the treasures of Old South.
Those who love this old church at Newburyport delight in the lines of
John Greenleaf Whittier:
"Under the church of Federal Street,
Under the tread of its Sabbath feet,
Walled about by its basement stones,
Lie the marvellous preacher's bones.
No saintly honors to them are shown,
No sign nor miracle have they known;
But he who passes the ancient church
Stops in the shade of its belfry-porch,
And ponders the wonderful life of him
Who lies at rest in that charnel dim.
Long shall the traveller strain his eye
From the railroad car, as it plunges by,
And the vanishing town behind him search
For the slender spire of the Whitefield Church;
And feel for one moment the ghosts of trade
And fashion and folly and pleasure laid,
By the thought of that life of pure intent,
That voice of warning, yet eloquent,
Of one on the errands of angels sent.
Like the tide from the harbor-bar sets in.
And over a life of time and sense
The church-spires lift their vain defence,
As if to scatter the bolts of God
With the points of Calvin's thunder-rod,—
Still, as the gem of its civic crown,
Precious beyond the world's renown,
His memory hallows the ancient town!"

XVI

THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, PROVIDENCE,

RHODE ISLAND

THE OLDEST BAPTIST CHURCH IN AMERICA

When Roger Williams, Welshman, left England for America because
he could not find in the Church of England freedom to worship God
according to his conscience, he came to Salem, in the Massachusetts
Bay Colony. There he joined others who had sought America for the
same purpose, but to his disappointment he found that his ideas of
liberty of worship did not agree with theirs, and he was once more
adrift. On October 9, 1635, the authorities of the Colony ordered
that he "shall depart out of this jurisdiction." He was later given
permission to remain until spring, on condition that he make no
attempt "to draw others to his opinions."
On the ground that he had broken the implied agreement, the
Governor, on January 11, 1636, sent for him to go to Boston, from
whence he was to be banished to England. Williams sent word that
he was ill and could not come at the time. A force of men was sent
to seize him, but when they reached his house he had departed
already, turning his face toward the southern wilderness. He was
"sorely tossed for fourteen weeks in a bitter winter season, not
knowing what bread or bed did mean."
On April 30, 1636, he came to the country of the Wampanoags,
where the sachem Massasoit made him a grant of land. Within a
short time some of his friends joined him, and primitive houses were
built. Then came word from the Governor of Massachusetts Bay that
he must go beyond the bounds of the Plymouth Colony. Accordingly,
with six others, he embarked in canoes and sought for a location.
When this was found Canonicus and Mantonomi agreed to let the
company have lands, and soon the new settlement was made and
named Providence, in recognition of God's care of him during his
journey. Then others joined him and his companions.
Two years after the settlement of Providence twelve of the citizens
decided that they must have a church. One of the company, Ezekiel
Hollyman, baptized Roger Williams and Williams baptized Hollyman
and ten others. The twelve then baptized were the original members
of the first church of Providence, Rhode Island, the first Baptist
church in America, and the second in the world. Roger Williams was