STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF SINGLE CELL BOX CULVERT

Based on AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design 2007 SI

Client: Designed By: Date:
Job Name/Station: Culvert Structural Design Verified By: Revision:
Version 1.0

INPUT DATA
CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, f'c 25 MPA

REBAR YIELD STRENGTH, fy 500 MPA

CONCRETE UNIT WEIGHT, gc 24 kN/cum

SATURATED SOIL UNIT WEIGHT, gs 18 kN/cum

HEIGHT OFCULVERT, H 2000 mm

WIDTH OF CULVERT, B 3000 mm

THICKNESS OF SIDE WALLS, tw 400 mm

THICKNESS OF TOP SLAB, tts 400 mm

THICKNESS OF BOTTOM SLAB, tbs 350 mm

DEPTH OF FILL, hf 2000 mm

IMPOSED SERVICE DEAD LOADS, wd 0 KPa

ALLOWABLE SOIL PRESSURE, Qa 144 KPa

SOIL ANGLE OF FRCITION, f 30 Deg.

PREFERRED REBAR SIZE 12 mm

CONCRETE COVER TO REBAR CENTER 75 mm Design Summary

NO. OF REINFORCEMENT LAYERS 2 Shear Status O.K.
MAIN REINFORCEMENT SPACING 200 mm Flexure Status O.K.
TEMPERATURE REINFOR. SPACING 200 mm Soil Pressure Status O.K.

LOADS ON THE CULVERT

For the design purposes a one-meter length of the culvert is considered.

Top Slab
Vehicular Live Loads (HS 20 AASHTO Truck)
Include live loads if hf < 2400mm hf = 2000 mm LL considered. Design Based on → (AASHTO 3.6.1.2.6)

Multiple presence factor 1.20 Traffic travelling parallel to span (AASHTO 3.6.1.1.2)

Width of distributed load (parallel to span) 2250 mm (AASHTO 3.6.1.2.6)

Length of distributed load (perpend. to span) 4510 mm Equiv. wheel loads don't overlap. (AASHTO 3.6.1.2.6)

Pressure intensity at the specified depth of fill 7.14 KPa Wheel Load = 72.5 KN
Linear load on the top slab 7.14 KN/m Assumed to act on full width of the slab.

Dynamic Load Allowance (Impact Factor) (AASHTO 3.6.2.2)

IM = 33(1 - 0.00041 hf) > 0% 5.94 % Factor for increasing live load due to impact effects
Increased linear live load 9.08 KN/m Impact and multiple presence factor included.

Weight of earth fill

Linear weight of fill on the slab 36.00 KN/m

Imposed dead loads

Linear imposed dead loads on the slab 0 KN/m

Selfweight
Linear selft weight of the slab 9.6 KN/m

Side Walls
Soil pressure
kah = (1 - sinf ) / (1 + sinf ) 0.333
Surcharge on side walls due to top soil 36.0 KPa

(cont'd)

Height of surcharge (h' = s / gs ) 2.0 m

Linear pressure at the bottom of the side wall 24.0 kN/m

Selfweight
Two side walls = tw (H - tbs - tts) gc 24.0 KN

Bottom Slab
Self weight of the whole structure
Linear soil pressure due to stru. selfweight 62 kN/m See note 1

Vehicular Live Loads (HS 20 AASHTO Truck)

Linear soil pressure due to live loads 9.08 KN/m See note 1

FACTORED LOAD DIAGRAMS

Load factor for dead load 1.25 (AASHTO 3.4.1)

Load factor for horizontal earth pressure 1.50 (AASHTO 3.4.1)

Load factor for live load 1.75 (AASHTO 3.4.1)

57.00 15.89
18.00 18.00

36.0 36.0
77.5 15.89

ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE

The structure is analyzed using the moment distribution method.
The fixed-end moment at each joint is the superposition of the fixed-end moments due to dead, live and earth pressure loads.

Joint A B D C
Member AC AB BA BD DB DC CD CA
Length 1.25 3.00 3.00 1.25 1.25 3.00 3.00 1.25
Moment of Inertia 0.0333 0.0333 0.0333 0.0333 0.0333 0.0292 0.0292 0.0333
Distrib. Factor 0.71 0.29 0.29 0.71 0.73 0.27 0.27 0.73
FEM 3.28 -54.67 54.67 -3.28 3.75 -70.05 70.05 -3.75
Distribution 36.28 15.11 -15.11 -36.28 48.58 17.71 -17.71 -48.58
Carry Over -24.29 -7.56 7.56 24.29 -18.14 -8.86 8.86 18.14
Distribution 22.48 9.37 -9.37 -22.48 19.78 7.21 -7.21 -19.78
Carry Over -9.89 -4.68 4.68 9.89 -11.24 -3.61 3.61 11.24
Distribution 10.29 4.29 -4.29 -10.29 10.88 3.97 -3.97 -10.88
Carry Over -5.44 -2.14 2.14 5.44 -5.14 -1.98 1.98 5.14
Distribution 5.35 2.23 -2.23 -5.35 5.22 1.90 -1.90 -5.22
Carry Over -2.61 -1.12 1.12 2.61 -2.68 -0.95 0.95 2.68
Distribution 2.63 1.10 -1.10 -2.63 2.66 0.97 -0.97 -2.66
Carry Over -1.33 -0.55 0.55 1.33 -1.32 -0.48 0.48 1.32
Distribution 1.33 0.55 -0.55 -1.33 1.32 0.48 -0.48 -1.32
Carry Over -0.66 -0.28 0.28 0.66 -0.66 -0.24 0.24 0.66
Distribution 0.66 0.28 -0.28 -0.66 0.66 0.24 -0.24 -0.66

Moment Sum 38.07 -38.07 38.07 -38.07 53.68 -53.68 53.68 -53.68
 (cont'd)

SHEAR MOMENT DIAGRAMS

Top Slab Moment Diagram

Top Slab 50.0
40.0
30.0

Moment (kN-m)
20.0
Mmax (+) 43.93 kN/m 10.0
Mmax (-) -38.07 kN/m 0.0

0.00

0.15

0.30

0.45

0.60

0.75

0.90

1.05

1.20

1.35

1.50

1.65

1.80

1.95

2.10

2.25

2.40

2.55

2.70

2.85

3.00
-10.0
-20.0
Design Moment 43.93 kN/m -30.0
-40.0
-50.0

Distance x (m)

Top Slab Shear Diagram

150.0

100.0

Vmax (+) 109.34 kN 50.0

Shear (kN)

Vmax (-) -98.41 kN 0.0

0.00

0.15

0.30

0.45

0.60

0.75

0.90

1.05

1.20

1.35

1.50

1.65

1.80

1.95

2.10

2.25

2.40

2.55

2.70

2.85

3.00
-50.0
Design Shear 56.49 kN
-100.0
At distance d from the face of the support
-150.0

Distance x (m)

Bottom Slab

Bottom Slab Moment Diagram

60.0

40.0
Mmax (+) 53.68 kN/m
Moment (kN-m)

20.0
Mmax (-) -51.39 kN/m
0.0
0.00

0.15

0.30

0.45

0.60

0.75

0.90

1.05

1.20

1.35

1.50

1.65

1.80

1.95

2.10

2.25

2.40

2.55

2.70

2.85

Design Moment 53.68 kN/m -20.0 3.00

-40.0

-60.0

Distance x (m)

Bottom Slab Shear Diagram

200.0

150.0

Vmax (+) 140.09 kN 100.0

Vmax (-) -140.09 kN 50.0

Shear (kN)

0.0
0.00

0.15

0.30

0.45

0.60

0.75

0.90

1.05

1.20

1.35

1.50

1.65

1.80

1.95

2.10

2.25

2.40

2.55

2.70

2.85

3.00

-50.0
Design Shear 77.05 kN
-100.0
At distance d from the face of the support
-150.0

-200.0

Distance x (m)
 (cont'd)
Side Walls

Side Walls Moment Diagram

60.0
50.0
40.0

Moment (kN-m)
Mmax (+) 53.68 kN/m 30.0
20.0
Mmax (-) -33.38 kN/m 10.0
0.0

0.00

0.06

0.13

0.19

0.25

0.31

0.38

0.44

0.50

0.56

0.63

0.69

0.75

0.81

0.88

0.94

1.00

1.06

1.13

1.19

1.25
Design Moment 53.68 kN/m -10.0
-20.0
-30.0
-40.0

Distance x (m)

Side Walls Shear Diagram

0.0
0.00

0.06

0.13

0.19

0.25

0.31

0.38

0.44

0.50

0.56

0.63

0.69

0.75

0.81

0.88

0.94

1.00

1.06

1.13

1.19

1.25
-10.0

-20.0

-30.0
Shear (kN)

-40.0
Vmax (+) -54.65 kN
-50.0
Vmax (-) -77.15 kN
-60.0

-70.0

Design Shear 69.60 kN -80.0

At distance d from the face of the support -90.0

Distance x (m)

THICKNESS CHECK
Shear strength provided by concrete = fVc = f0.17 (f'c)0.5 bw d (ACI 11.2.1.2)

Component d (mm) fVc (kN) Vd (kN) Status

Top slab 325 207.2 56.5 O.K.
Bottom slab 275 175.3 77.1 O.K.
Side walls 325 207.2 69.6 O.K.

REINF. CALCULATIONS
Minimum reinforcement ratio for main reinforcement, ρmin 0.0006 See note 2 (AASHTO 5.10.8)

Minimum reinforcement ratio for temperature reinforcement, ρmin 0.0007 See note 2 (AASHTO 5.10.8)

Maximum center to center spacing of reinforcement, smax 600 mm Max (1.5 t, 450) (AASHTO 5.10.3.2)

MAIN REINFORCEMENT TEMPRATURE REINF.

Component
d (mm) Mu(kN-m) As (mm ) 2
As prov ρact ρmin Status ρact ρmin Status
Top slab 325 48.8 334 1131 0.0028 0.0012 O.K. 0.0028 0.0013 O.K.
Bottom slab 275 59.6 482 1131 0.0032 0.0012 O.K. 0.0032 0.0013 O.K.
Side walls 325 59.6 408 1131 0.0028 0.0012 O.K. 0.0028 0.0013 O.K.

SOIL PRESSURE CHECK

Pressure on soil 71.08 KPa
Allowable soil pressure 144.00 KPa
Status O.K.

1- In reality, the uplift soil pressure on the bottom slab may not be uniform. However, for simplicity, it shall be assumed to be uniform.
2- Minimum reinforcement ratio found is for one layer of reinforcement and shall be multiplyed by 2 if there is 2 layers of reinforcement.
3- Clear distance between two layers of reinforcement shall not be more than 150mm and less than 25mm.
4- All soil has been assumed to be saturated soil.
5- It has been assumed that only one axle of the design truck comes on the culvert at a time. This is true for culvert width up to 4300. For more widths
this design spreadsheet can not be used since it is possible that two axle loads come on the culvert.