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AI On The Job

This book provides an overview of human-machine interaction in the context of developments in artificial intelligence. It discusses relevant theories on technology acceptance and motivation. Through qualitative interviews and a quantitative survey, it sheds light on requirements for future professional activities collaborating with AI, and identifies key resources for implementing AI technologies. Based on the theoretical discussion and empirical analysis, the book derives a practice-oriented guideline for AI implementation in companies. The focus is on supporting the human being in an increasingly digital working world shaped by AI.

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58 views6 pages

AI On The Job

This book provides an overview of human-machine interaction in the context of developments in artificial intelligence. It discusses relevant theories on technology acceptance and motivation. Through qualitative interviews and a quantitative survey, it sheds light on requirements for future professional activities collaborating with AI, and identifies key resources for implementing AI technologies. Based on the theoretical discussion and empirical analysis, the book derives a practice-oriented guideline for AI implementation in companies. The focus is on supporting the human being in an increasingly digital working world shaped by AI.

Uploaded by

victorubong404
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AI on The Job

Andreas Moring

AI on The Job
Guide to Successful Human-Machine Collaboration
Andreas Moring
International School of Management (ISM)
Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

This book is a translation of the original German edition „KI im Job “ by Moring,
Andreas, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany in 2021. The translation was
done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.
com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the
book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature
works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and
on the related technologies to support the authors.

ISBN 978-3-662-64004-3 ISBN 978-3-662-64005-0 (eBook)


https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64005-0

© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022


This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broad-
casting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publica-
tion does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the
relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained
herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with
regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of
Springer Nature.
The registered company address is: Heidelberger Platz 3, 14197 Berlin, Germany
V

Foreword

We are moving to the next stage of the industrial revolution with artificial intelli-
gence. The fourth industrial revolution is already characterized by increasing digi-
talization, digital networking, and advancing automation, especially in industry.
Companies are in the midst of their own digital transformation, which is also
linked to a cultural change in values in the world of work. In this context, the indi-
vidual experience and behavior of people in the work context is increasingly com-
ing to the fore. In terms of empowerment, the aim is to support and enable
employees with their skills and potential in order to be able to act in a motivated
manner, without fears and with the necessary resources in the digital working
world, in which artificial intelligence plays an increasing role.
This becomes even more important when we think of the increasing importance
of human-machine interaction with artificial intelligences. This is exactly what this
book deals with. It explores the question of how the design of new technologies
and applications of artificial intelligence should look so that the cooperation
between humans and machines is not only effective and productive but can also
take place in a self-determined manner and with appropriate acceptance.
The book provides an overview of human-machine interaction in the context of
developments in artificial intelligence. Furthermore, relevant theories such as the
technology acceptance model, the self-determination theory, and the job demands-
resources model are described and discussed in their current relevance. The subse-
quent study, which consists of qualitative interviews and a quantitative survey,
sheds light on the one hand on the requirements for future professional activities in
collaboration with artificial intelligence and on the other hand identifies resources
that are of particular importance for an implementation of AI technologies. The
great added value of the book lies in the fact that, on the basis of the theoretical
discussion and empirical analysis, a practice-oriented guideline for AI implementa-
tion in companies is derived.
Thus, as a reader, you will gain a theoretical insight into relevant theories in the
context of collaboration between humans and artificial intelligence, founded on
practical research and application-oriented guidelines. In all of this, the human
being is the focus of the digital working world, which is increasingly shaped by AI.
I hope you will gain a lot of knowledge and inspiration from reading this book
and that you will enjoy implementing it in your own business practice.
I would like to congratulate Andreas Moring on the publication and wish him
an extensive and intensive reception of the book.
Organization designer, coach, and author.

Melanie Hasenbein
Munich, Germany
October 2020
VII

Contents

1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Question and Objective ................................................................................................................ 2
1.2 Current State of Research ............................................................................................................. 6
1.3 Structure of the Book ..................................................................................................................... 8
Literature............................................................................................................................................. 10

2 Man and Machine ...................................................................................................................... 13


2.1 Human-Machine Interaction ....................................................................................................... 14
Literature ................................................................................................................ 19

3 Artificial Intelligence .............................................................................................................. 21


3.1 What Is Artificial Intelligence? .................................................................................................... 22
3.2 Machine Learning ........................................................................................................................... 24
Literature............................................................................................................................................. 34

4 Theories of Technical Adaptation................................................................................... 35


4.1 Theory of Reasoned Action.......................................................................................................... 36
4.2 Theory of Planned Behaviour ..................................................................................................... 37
4.3 Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour ........................................................................................... 37
4.4 Technology Acceptance Model .................................................................................................. 38
4.5 Diffusion of Innovations Theory................................................................................................. 43
4.6 Other Acceptance Theories .......................................................................................................... 45
Literature ................................................................................................................ 47

5 Basic Principles of Motivation .......................................................................................... 49


5.1 Performance Motivation ............................................................................................................... 50
5.2 Connection Motivation ................................................................................................................. 55
5.3 Power Motivation ............................................................................................................................ 58
Literature............................................................................................................................................. 63

6 Self-Determination Theory................................................................................................. 67
6.1 Self-Determination and Motivation.......................................................................................... 68
6.2 Connection with the Basic Principles of Connection, Performance, Power ................ 70
Literature ................................................................................................................ 75

7 Jobs Demands Resources..................................................................................................... 77


7.1 Basic Assumptions .......................................................................................................................... 78
7.2 Duplicate Processes ........................................................................................................................ 80
7.3 Interactions Between Work Demands and Resources ........................................................ 81
7.4 Evidence for the JD-R Model ....................................................................................................... 83
VIII Contents

7.5 Evidence of the Buffering Effect of Labour Resources........................................................ 85


7.6 Conclusion on the Job Demands-Resources Model ............................................................ 86
Literature............................................................................................................................................. 90

8 Artificial Intelligence and Employee Motivation ................................................. 93


8.1 Requirements, Activities and Tasks in Cooperation with Artificial Intelligence ........ 94

9 Expectations of Employees Towards “AI Jobs” ...................................................... 101


9.1 Questioning....................................................................................................................................... 102
9.2 Results ................................................................................................................................................. 105
9.3 Analysis of the Results ................................................................................................................... 116
Literature............................................................................................................................................. 125

10 Guide for Practical AI Implementation ....................................................................... 127


Literature............................................................................................................................................. 134

Supplementary Information
Index........................................................................................................................................................... 137

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