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Computer Organisation Processor Architecture

Computer organization refers to the design and structure of computer systems, including hardware components and their interconnections. Processor architecture defines the structure and functionality of the central processing unit (CPU). A basic computer system consists of a CPU, memory, and input/output devices. The CPU executes instructions and performs calculations based on the von Neumann architecture of a control unit, arithmetic logic unit, memory unit, and input/output unit. Processor architecture continues to evolve with techniques like pipelining, superscalar processing, and parallel processing to improve performance.

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18 views

Computer Organisation Processor Architecture

Computer organization refers to the design and structure of computer systems, including hardware components and their interconnections. Processor architecture defines the structure and functionality of the central processing unit (CPU). A basic computer system consists of a CPU, memory, and input/output devices. The CPU executes instructions and performs calculations based on the von Neumann architecture of a control unit, arithmetic logic unit, memory unit, and input/output unit. Processor architecture continues to evolve with techniques like pipelining, superscalar processing, and parallel processing to improve performance.

Uploaded by

Suman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Organisation Processor

Architecture
Introduction to Computer Organization and Processor
Architecture.
-
Computer organization refers to the design
and structure of a computer system,
including the hardware components and
their interconnections.

Your second bullet

Processor architecture, also known as the


central processing unit (CPU) architecture,
defines the structure and functionality of
the CPU.
Components of a Computer System.
-
A computer system consists of a central
processing unit (CPU), memory, and
input/output (I/O) devices.

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The CPU is responsible for executing


instructions and performing calculations.
Von Neumann Architecture.
-
Von Neumann architecture is the
foundation of modern computer systems.

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It consists of a single control unit,


arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), memory
unit, and input/output unit.
Instruction Execution Cycle.
-
The instruction execution cycle consists of
fetch, decode, execute, and store stages.

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In the fetch stage, the CPU retrieves the


instruction from memory.
Pipelining.
-
Pipelining is a technique that allows for
parallel execution of instructions.

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It divides the instruction execution cycle


into multiple stages, with each stage
handling a specific task.
CISC vs. RISC.
-
Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)
architecture supports a wide range of
complex instructions.

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Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)


architecture uses a simplified instruction set
with fixed instruction lengths.
Superscalar Processors.
-
Superscalar processors are capable of
executing multiple instructions
simultaneously.

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They achieve this by having multiple


execution units and employing advanced
scheduling techniques.
Parallel Processing.
-
Parallel processing involves the
simultaneous execution of multiple tasks or
instructions.

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It can be achieved through multiprocessing,


where multiple processors work together.
Cache Memory.
-
Cache memory is a small, high-speed
memory that stores frequently accessed
data and instructions.

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It resides between the CPU and main


memory, reducing the memory access
time.
Future Trends in Processor Architecture.
-
Processor architecture continues to evolve
to meet the demands of modern
computing.

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Emerging trends include the integration of


specialized accelerators, such as graphics
processing units (GPUs) and neural
processing units (NPUs).

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