Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

EPAS 9
(Electronics Products Assembly and Servicing 9)

THE COMPUTER OF USFOR THE REST

Lesson 2: Perform Computer Operations

QUARTER 1 WEEK 3 MODULE 3

LO1: Plan and prepare for task to be undertaken

LO2: Input data into the computer

Revised Edition 2022

0
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before you start answering the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy
the objectives of this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons. Writing
enhances learning that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

● Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the lessons in
the module.
● Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson.
● Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you understand
from the previous lesson.
● Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.

● Activities - These are activities designed to develop critical thinking and other
competencies. This can be done with or without a partner depending on the nature of the
activity.
● Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lessons.

● Checking your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.

● Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire module.
LO1 – PLAN AND PREPARE FOR TASK TO BE
UNDERTAKEN

EXPECTATIO
N
After reading this MODULE, STUDENT(s) MUST be able to:
1. Determine requirements of task in accordance with job specifications.
2. Select appropriate hardware and software in accordance with task assigned and
required outcome
3. Plan task to ensure that the OHS guidelines and procedures are followed

PRE -
TEST
MULTIPLE CHOICE DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Encircle your
answer on your worksheet.

1. Occupational health and safety standards are in place to mandate the removal,
reduction, or replacement of job site hazards.
A. Hardware C. Software
B. Occupational Health and Safety D. Task Identification
2. A process of identifying what is known, what is needed, what problem might occur
and who will be the right person for the task.
A. Hardware C. Software
B. Occupational Health and Safety D. Task Identification
3. The physical and tangible components of a computer.
A. Hardware C. Software
B. Occupational Health and Safety D. Task Identification
4. The intangible components of a computer that allows the computer hardware to work.
A. Hardware C. Software
B. Occupational Health and Safety D. Task Identification
5. Devices used to input/enter data and information to the computer.
A. Input devices C. Processing device
B. Output devices D. Storage devices
6. Devices that display results of the processed data that was entered using input devices.
A. Input devices C. Processing device
B. Output devices D. Storage devices
7. Hardware devices used for storing information from the computer.
A. Input devices C. Processing device
B. Output devices D. Storage devices
8. A device responsible for processing raw data in the computer.
A. Input devices C. Processing device
B. Output devices D. Storage devices
9. Computer software that refers to the files and programs that make up your computer's
operating system.
A. Application software C. System software
B. Preventive software D. Utility software
10. Computer software that refer to programs designed for the computer users.
A. Application software C. System software
B. Preventive software D. Utility software
11. A process of manipulating data to make it more useful forms. It does not only
consist of mathematical calculations but also data operations.
A. Data C. Data processing cycle
B. Data processing D. Extended data processing
12. It is defined as a collection of raw and unprocessed facts.
A. Data C. Information
B. Data Processing D. Software
13. A software that controls application processing and hardware resources of the
computer system such as memory, disk space, and peripheral devices.
A. Application software C. Software
B. Database software D. System software
14. This is the operation of manipulating and transforming data into useful information.
The data are manipulated and changed in this step.
A. Input C. Processing
B. Output D. Storage
15. It is defined as a set of instructions that tell the computer what to do.
A. Application software C. Software
B. Database software D. System software
16. A collection of programs that perform a variety of tasks or functions. It involve
communicating with the disk drives, etc., and other peripheral devices.
A. Application software C. Software
B. Operating system D. System software
17. A program that is created to assist users with a specific task. Programs to perform
word processing, manipulate spreadsheets, manage database, and communicate with
other computers are some of the popular applications.
A. Application software C. Software
B. Database software D. System software
18. The output of data that has been already manipulated and transformed into something
useful.
A. Data C. Information
B. Data Processing D. Software

19. An application that enables users with an Internet connection to access and view
webpages on a computer or mobile device
A. Hardware C. Web browser
B. Internet D. website
20. The scientific discipline concerned of eliminating discomfort and risk of repetitive
and cumulative injuries in workplace.
A. Attitude C. Ergonomics
B. Economics D. Occupational Health and Safety
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON:

Identify what is being described in the sentence. Write only the letter of the correct answer on the
space provided.

1. What do you call the party that supplies goods or services?

A. Co-worker C. Suppliers
B. Customer D. Supervisor
2. Which of the following refers to an individual or business that purchases another
company's goods or services?
A. Co-worker C. Suppliers
B. Customer D. Supervisor
3. Which of the following refers to a marketing term that measures how products or
services supplied by a company meet or surpass a customer’s expectations?
A. Co-workers feedback C. Customer satisfaction
B. Customer feedback D. Suppliers feedback
4. What do you called the information coming directly from customers about the
satisfaction or dissatisfaction they feel with a product or a service?
A. Co-workers feedback C. Customer satisfaction
B. Customer feedback D. Suppliers feedback
5. Which of the following is part of a company’s quarterly performance management
system that encourages open communication and growth?
A. Co-workers feedback C. Customer satisfaction
B. Customer feedback D. Suppliers feedback
TOPIC: TASK IDENTIFICATION

BRIEF INTRODUCTION:

Identifying the task, the problem, the materials, tools, and equipment needed is important in
accomplishing the required output based on the standard. In this module, you will learn the different
hardware devices.

Task Identification is a process of identifying what is known, what is needed, what problem
might occur and who will be the right person for the task.
Planning Stage:
1) Assess yourself if you have a prior knowledge related to the task.
2) Ask other members/co-workers what they know about the task.
3)Identify what is needed (information, tools and materials) in accordance with the
required output.
a. List down all the information needed in accomplishing the task.
b. List down all the tools and materials needed.
4) Think of possible problem that might occur through the process and think of ways
to overcome these problems.
a. List down possible problems that might occur.
b. List down possible solution to the problems.
5) Assign the task to a member/co-worker that is most qualified to do the job.
Preparing Stage:
1) Prepare yourself and gathered all your prior knowledge related to the given task.
a. Mentally you should be ready. Presence of mind is important in
working with computer.
b. Physically you are fit to do the job.
2) Familiarize yourself with the workplace. Make sure it is neat and conducive to the task given.
a. Know your work area/workspace.
b. Know where the cabinets for the tools, materials and equipment.
 c. Make sure your workspace is clean, in order, for you to work productively and safely.
3) Prepare the tools, materials, and equipment needed in accordance to given task.
a. Make a list of materials, tools and equipment.
b. Gather all the necessary tools, materials and equipment needed.

Task Identification Sample Form:

TASK IDENTIFICATION

Date:

Work Area:
Work Area Supervisor:
_
Time
Days Person Needed
Task Description Frequency
Responsible to
Sun M T W TH F Sat Compl
ete
the Task

The parts of the task identification form are as follows:

1. Date–Write the date you accomplish the form (month, day and year).
2. Name of the Work Area–Write the area you were assigned to work.
3. Name of the Work Area Supervisor – Write the name of the immediate supervisor in
your work area/workplace.
4. Task Description–Write a brief description of the nature of your work/task.
5. Frequency – Write how often you are doing the task.
6. Days of the Week – Check the day/s that the worker has been doing the task.
 7. Person Responsible–Write the name of the person assigned in the task.
8. Time Needed to Complete the task – Write the specific Date (month, day, year)
needed to complete the task and meet the required output.

ACTIVIT
Y
ACTIVITY 1 - Self Assessment
Write your and other members of your family’s prior knowledge about computer. What are the
things you and other family members know/experience related to computer operations?

ACTIVITY Identifying materials, tools and

At home, look around you. List down materials, tools, and equipment that readily
available at

Materials: Tools: Equipment:

1. _ 1. _ 1. _
2. _ 2. _ 2. _
3. _ 3. _ 3. _
4. _ 4. _ 4. _
5. _ 5. _ 5. _
 REMEMBER!

Bear in mind, task identification is essential before working. It will lead you on the right
track. First is to plan, identify what is known, what is needed, what are the possible problem that
you might encounter and who is the right person to the job. Then, you need to prepare all the
necessary information needed, materials, tools and equipment. After thorough planning and
preparation, you may start performing the job/work to meet the required output.
Accomplish the task identification form to keep track of the tasks given to
employees/workers.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Fill in the blanks. In order to complete the sentence, you may choose a word
given inside the box.
assess tools qualified solution

problem equipment Task identification

materials
 1. A process of identifying what is known, what is needed, what problem might occur
and who will be the right person for the task is called .
2. Assign the task to a member/co-worker that is most to do the job.
3. yourself if you have a prior knowledge related to the task.
4. Think of possible that might occur through the process and think
of ways to overcome these problems.
5. Identify what is needed in accordance with
the required output.

TOPIC: HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

BRIEF INTRODUCTION:
 Hardware devices are the physical components of a computer while software are the intangible
components that allows the computer to work.

Computer HARDWARE refers to the physical and tangible components of a

computer. There are different types of computer hardware:
a. Input devices – are devices used to input/enter data and information to the computer. Input
devices allows the end user to communicate with the computer.
Examples:

A mouse is a device that controls the movement of the

cursor or pointer on a display screen.

A keyboard is an input device that enables a user to input text

into a computer

A scanner is an input device that scans documents such as

photographs and pages of text. When a document is scanned,
it is converted into a digital format.

A light pen is a light-sensitive computer input device,

basically a stylus, that is used to select text, draw pictures and
interact with user interface elements on a computer screen or
monitor.
b) Output devices– are devices that display results of the processed data that was entered using
input devices.
Examples

A monitor is a piece of computer hardware

that displays the video and graphics information
generated by a connected computer through the
computer's video card.

A printer is an output device that prints

paper documents. This includes text documents, images,
or a combination of both.

A computer speaker is an output hardware

device that connects to a computer to generate sound.

c) Processing device – is a device responsible for processing raw data in the

The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is a

piece of hardware that carries out the instructions of a
computer program. It performs the basic arithmetical, logical,
and input/output operations of a computer system.
d) Storage devices–are hardware devices used for storing information from the computer.
Examples:

A CD-ROM disc is an optical storage device that is read-only

or cannot be modified nor deleted.

DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW and DVD+RW disc – DVD-R

and
DVD+R are recordable discs that can be written to once,
while DVD-RW and DVD+RW are rewritable discs that can
be written to multiple times.

A flash drive is a small rectangular device that is designed to be

plugged directly into a USB port on a computer and is often used
for transferring files from one computer to another.

A hard drive is an internal hard drive is the main storage

device in a computer. An external hard drive is also known as
removable hard drive. It is used to store portable data and
backups.
 Computer SOFTWARE refers to the intangible components of a computer. There are different
types of computer software:
a) System software - refers to the files and programs that make up your
computer's operating system.
Examples: Windows 7, Windows 8 Windows 10 and so on.
b) Application software–refer to programs designed for the computer users.
These program helps the end user to perform specific task.
Examples: MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint and so on.
Computer software are collection of instructions that tells the computer hardware how to
work. Computer hardware will work once the computer software were installed.

ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 1–Look Around You

Look for any computer HARDWARE and SOFTWARE that you have at
home. Place it inside the box.

HARDWAR
E

SOFTWAR
E
 ACTIVITY 2 – Cut and Paste it!!!
Computer hardware are tangible components of a computer. Cut pictures of
computer hardware from the newspaper or magazine and paste it here. Name the
device and the type of hardware.

Example:
FLASH DRIVE – STORAGE DEIVCE

PA PA
STE THE STE THE
PICTURE PICTURE
HERE HERE

PA PA
STE THE STE THE
PICTURE PICTURE
HERE HERE

PA PASTE
STE THE THE PICTURE HERE
PICTURE
HERE
REMEMBER!

A computer system is composed of computer hardware and software. Hardware are the
tangible parts of the computer and software are the intangible components. Software are the
computer programs that we installed to make our computer work and perform specific task.
Through software, the end users can do a lot of things like automates document, create
presentation, edit pictures and a lot more. Bear in mind, that computer hardware will the function
well without installing computer software.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Identify the following computer hardware and software. Write H for HARDWARE and S
for SOFTWARE.

1. Monitor 6. Adobe Photoshop

2. Microsoft PowerPoint 7. Printer
3. Windows 10 OS 8. Mouse
4. Keyboard 9. Speaker
5. Microsoft Excel 10. Scanner

TOPIC: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH and SAFETY (OHS)

BRIEF INTRODUCTION:

You will find out that Occupational Health and Safety will help students/employees to work
safely in their respective workplace. Safety comes first.
 Occupational health and safety (OHS) are a safety protocols in computer laboratory in
schools and other workplaces. OHS is consist of different measures to prevent various accidents
that may place the students or workers in great danger while working.
Occupational health and safety (OHS) relate to health, safety, and welfare issues in the
workplace.
OHS includes the laws, standards, and programs that are aimed at making the workplace
better for workers, along with co-workers, family members, customers, and other stakeholders.
Occupational health and safety are concerned with addressing many types of workplace hazards,
such as:
• Chemicals
• Physical hazards
• Biological agents
• Psychological fallout
• Ergonomic issues
• Accidents
Occupational health and safety standards are in place to mandate the removal, reduction,
or replacement of job site hazards. OHS programs should also include material that helps
minimize the effects of the hazards.
Employers and company management are obliged to provide a safe working environment
for all their employees.

OHS for Protecting Yourself inside the Computer Laboratory

1. Do not run inside the computer lab.
2. Take a note of all the exits in the room and take note of the location of fire extinguishers in the
room for the sake of fire safety.
3. Keep bags and coats in the designated area, as they can cause people to trip if they are simply
lying around the room.
4. Try not to type continuously for extremely long periods.
5. Look away from the screen occasionally to give your eyes a rest.
6. Do not touch any exposed wires or sockets.
7. Avoid making loud noises and speaking loudly.
8. Do not attempt to open any machines, and do not touch the backs of machines when they are
switched on.
9. Do not spill water or any other liquid on the machine, in order to maintain electrical safety.
 OHS for Protecting the Equipment inside the Computer Laboratory
1. Do not bring any food or drinks near the machine.
2. Turn off the machine you were using when you are done using it.
3. Do not access external devices without scanning them for computer viruses.
4. Ensure that the temperature in the room stays cool, since there are a lot of machines inside a
lab, and these can overheat easily. This is one of the many ways of ensuring computer safety.
5. Try not to touch any of the circuit boards and power sockets when something is connected to
them and switched on.
6. Always maintain an extra copy of all your important data.
7. Dust can affect computers adversely. Ensure that the machines are cleaned on a regular basis.
Importance of OHS
1. Well implemented and maintained OHS save lives of employees.
2. Well maintained OHS saves money. An injured employee easily means countless lost
manpower’s hours and quickly adds up to not only thousands but millions of pesos in company’s
expenses.
3. OHS create new opportunities. Employees may give their own ideas and suggestion to
improve the safety of the employees as well as the customers who will buy their products.
4. OHS affect the company’s reputation and productivity. No company should want a possible
future recruit to read online that the workplace is not investing in occupational safety.
 ACTIVI
TY
ACTIVITY 1 – OHS at Home
Write at least 5 (five) OHS that your parents implement to prevent accident or
injuries inside your house.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

ACTIVITY 2 – Look around your House

Write at least 5 (five) things you think are hazardous or dangerous to your family and
how you deal with it.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

REMEMBER
!

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a safety standards requirement in every

workplace. The main purpose of OHS is to prevent accident and save lives of the workers in
their workplace. There are many types of hazard in the workplace. Workers and employers
should be aware of it to promote healthy and safe environment.
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:
Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence. Choose your answer from the
choices given inside the box.

accidents employ expos

ers ed
exits fire extinguisher OHS
opportunities reputation turn off touch

1. are in place to mandate the removal, reduction, or replacement of job

site hazards.
2. and company management are obliged to provide a safe
working environment for all their employees.
3. the machine you were using, when you are done using it.
4. OHS create new .
5. OHS affect the company’s and productivity.
6. OHS is consist of different measures to prevent various that may place the
students or workers in great danger while working.
7. Do not touch any wires or sockets.
8. Take a note of all the in the room.
9. Take note of the location of in the room for the sake of fire safety.
10. Try not to any of the circuit boards and power sockets when something is
connected to them and switched on.
LO2 – INPUT DATA INTO THE
COMPUTER

EXPECTATION:
After reading this MODULE, STUDENT(s) MUST be able to:
1. Enter data into the computer using appropriate program/application
2. Check information in accordance with standard operating procedures
3. Store inputted data in storage media according to requirements
4. Perform work within ergonomic guidelines

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON:

 Identify what is being described in the sentence. Write only the letter of the correct answer on the
space provided.
1. Devices that display results of the processed data that were entered using
input devices.
A. Input devices C. Processing device
B. Output devices D. Storage devices
2. Hardware devices used for storing information from the computer.
A. Input devices C. Processing device
B. Output devices D. Storage devices
3. A device responsible for processing raw data in the computer.
A. Input devices C. Processing device
B. Output devices D. Storage devices
4. Computer software that refers to the files and programs that make up
your computer's operating system.
A. Application software C. System software
B. Preventive software D. Utility software
5. Computer software that refers to programs designed for the computer users.
A. Application software C. System software
B. Preventive software D. Utility software
6. Occupational health and safety standards are in place to mandate the
removal, reduction, or replacement of job site hazards.
A. Hardware C. Software
B. Occupational Health and Safety D. Task Identification

7. A process of identifying what is known, what is needed, what problem might

occur and who will be the right person for the task.
A. Hardware C. Software
B. Occupational Health and Safety D. Task Identification
8. The physical and tangible components of a computer.
A. Hardware C. Software
B. Occupational Health and Safety D. Task Identification
9. The intangible components of a computer that allows the computer hardware
to work.
A. Hardware C. Software
B. Occupational Health and Safety D. Task Identification
10. Devices used to input/enter data and information to the computer.
A. Input devices C. Processing device
B. Output devices D. Storage devices

TOPIC: TYPES OF PROGRAM / APPLICATION

BRIEF INTRODUCTION:

The functioning of the computer is not dependent on its hardware alone, it requires a set of
instruction that tells the computer what to be done with the input data. In computer terminology, this
set of instruction is called a program and one or more programs are termed as software.

SOFTWARE – is a set of instructions that tell the computer what to do. Computer is useless
without any software installed in it.

THREE CATEGORIES OF
SOFTWARE
1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE – System software is the software that controls application
processing and hardware resources of the computer system such as memory, disk space,
and peripheral devices.
Ex. Operating system

The Operating system is a collection of programs that perform a variety of

tasks or functions. The tasks performed by the operating system (OS) involve
communicating with the disk drives, printers, hard disks, CD/DVD ROMS, monitor,
modem, and other peripheral devices.
2. APPLICATION SOFTWARE – Application software is a program that is created to assist
users with a specific task. Programs to perform word processing, manipulate spreadsheets,
manage database, and communicate with other computers are some of the popular
applications.
Ex. Word Processing

The Word processing technology today make it possible to enjoy typing

effectively. The typist will no longer suffer the agony of retyping the text to produce
clean and a neat draft. Through the use of word processing software such as the
Microsoft Word and Word Perfect, a user (typist) can concentrate on thinking about
the ideas and let the computer handle the details of laying out the words and spacing
neatly on the page.

Catego Exampl
ry es
Word processor Word, WordStar, Word Perfect
Spreadsheet Microsoft Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro
Database Management Oracle, FoxPro, SQL, Database
System Access
Graphics Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw
Games Counter Strike, WarCraft, Chess
Master
Educational MathCAD

1. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES – It is the representation of instructions in human

recognizable form.

Classification of Programming language according generation

WEB BROWSERS
 • A browser is an application that enables users with an Internet connection to access and
view webpages on a computer or mobile device
– Internet-capable mobile devices such as smartphones use a special type of
browser, called a mobile browser

THE WORLD WIDE WEB

• The World Wide Web (WWW), or web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic
documents (webpages)
• A website is a collection of related webpages and associated items
• A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer or mobile
device
• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a set of symbols that developers use to
specify the headings, paragraphs, images, links, and other content elements that a
webpage contains
• A web app is an application stored on a web server that you access through a browser
– Web apps usually store users’ data and information on their hosts’ servers

Figure 1.1 Web and mobile apps often work together, enabling you to access your content from a variety of
computers and devices.

THE INTERNET
 The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses,
government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals:
– Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work
together
– Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster

Figure1.2 shows the brief history of the Internet

Figure 1.3 Connecting to the Internet

ACTIVITY

LOGO QUIZ: Choose the correct brand name which matches the logo to gain point. You will
be awarded one point for each correct answer.
REMEMBER!

Software, instructions that tell a computer what to do. Software comprises the entire
set of programs, procedures, and routines associated with the operation of a computer system.
The term was coined to differentiate these instructions from hardware—i.e., the physical
components of a computer system.

CHECK YOUR
Identify what is asked in the following sentences and write your answer on the space provided.
1. A set of symbols that developers use to specify the headings,
paragraphs, images, links, and other content elements that a webpage
contains
2. An application software where user can edit, delete, save word
documents.
3. An application that enables users with an Internet connection to access
and view webpages on a computer or mobile device.
4. It is consisting of a worldwide collection of electronic documents or
webpages.
5. A worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of
businesses, government agencies, educational

TOPIC: DATA PROCESSING

BRIEF INTRODUCTION:

Data Processing is a process of manipulating data to make it more useful forms. It does not
only consist of mathematical calculations but also data operations. The term data processing is a
cumulative technique for the collection of data to acquire certain objectives.
 DATA PROCESSING
Data is defined as a collection of raw and unprocessed facts. Since it is still raw, it needs
to be seamed to other data. The data must be manipulated and processed to achieve a desirable
result and turn it into more useful information. Score in quizzes, student names, sale figures,
grade reports and others are all examples of data. After data have been processed they can now
be considered as information. It is the output of data that has been already manipulated and
transformed into something useful.
Unorganized Facts

● No. of hours rendered, other deduction

● No. of items and cost

● Cost per subject and other Miscellaneous

Useful Information

● Payroll reports

● Sales Report

● Registration Form

Data Processing is a process of manipulating data to make it more useful forms. It does
not only consist of mathematical calculations but also data operations. The term data processing
is a cumulative technique for the collection of data to acquire certain objectives.

DATA PROCESSING
DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
The data processing cycle performs three (3) basic functions: Input, Process, Output. Any
type of data to be processed regardless of type of device used, either through a manual operation
or electronic operation, comprises these basic steps.
 DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
INPUT - This step initially gathers and prepares data to be entered into a computer for
processing. This type of data is commonly called as the input data. There are certain computer
input devices used to collect data such as microphone, mouse, keyboard and others. The most
commonly used input devices for entering data into a computer is by typing on a keyboard.

Examples of Input
Devices

PROCESSING - This is the operation of manipulating and transforming data into useful
information. The data are manipulated and changed in this step. Arithmetic operations, logic
operations or simple data movement can also be included in this function. Data in computer
system are represented using binary digits 1 and 0. When you enter letter A in the keyboard it
doesn’t mean that the one being process is A. the binary form of A is 1010. It is in the Processing
block that these binary digits are converted into letters for them to be understood by humans.
OUPUT - This is the result of the processing function. Once the data have been manipulated and
processed into information, the computer must then produce and present the information into a
format acceptable to the user. The output devices are used to display the information on a
monitor or the information is printed on paper.

Examples of Output Devices

EXPANDED DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
There are three (3) more steps added to the basic data processing cycle and these are:
Origination, Distribution and Storage.
Origination. It is a process of collecting the source document often referred to as the original
data. It is important to keep the source documents for reference purposes in case errors occur
during the processing steps.

Distribution. In this step, the output data or the result which is often referred to as report
documents will be distributed.
Storage. It is important that the result of data processing is kept in a storage device to be
retrieved, modified or used as input data for further processing.

DATA PROCESSING OPERATION

(checking and saving information)

A. RECORDING –refers to the transfer of data from one form to another. Numbers or figures
and facts resulting from the operation are documented.
B. VERIFYING – refers to the checking of data for any errors or discrepancy because most data
are recorded manually.
C. DUPLICATING – is the reproduction of data into many forms.
D. CLASSIFYING – it separates data into its distinctive categories
E. SORTING – refers to the arranging of data in specific order. Orders may be cardinal, ordinal,
alphabetical, or lexicographic order.
F. CALCULATION – refers to the arithmetic calculation of data.
G. SUMMARIZING and REPORTING – the data are condensed to their meaningful forms.
H. MERGING – is the putting together of two or more sets of data with the same key to be one
set of data.
I. STORING – is the saving of data into files for future reference.
J. RETRIEVING – refers to the recovering of stored data and/or information when needed.
K. FEEDBACK – is the operation that compares the result to the objectives set.
 METHODS OF PROCESSING DATA
1. Batch Processing - This applies serial processing. In this method, the data are being
collected into a certain groups or batches to permit convenience, efficiency following a step by
step procedure.

2. On-line Processing - It is a method where all the information and devices are under the direct
control of the central processing unit of a computer that permits sharing of files and devices
with all computers that are connected to the server.

3. Real-time Processing - It is a method that provides a fast response to inquiry and processing. It
processes the data as soon as data have been inputted and has the capability of the outcome of
the activity or process in a matter of seconds or even milliseconds.

4. Distributed Processing - It is the most complicated level of computer processing. It is usually

consisting of different computers that are connected to a large central computer system or server
to help the user conduct inquiries, processes, or other data processing operations locally or even
globally.
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY 1 - Self Assessment
Asked help from other members of your family’s to write a simple statement / sentence
prior to the given data processing operation.

Classifying - -

Sorting - -

Recording - -

Retrieving- -

Summarizing and Reporting -

.
 Activity 2: Essay type
Write at least 5 sentences that would differentiate data into
information.

REMEMBER!

Data processing involves three steps, the input, process, and output. The main goal of
data processing is to process data into a more useful form which could use by people into a more
meaningful form called information.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

Identify what kind of Data Processing operation take place in the following sentences. Choose
your answer inside the box of choices below and write your answer on the space provided.
1. The Bank manager is imposing a 10% interest rate on the new
salary loan to every account in the BPI Family Bank.
2. Emmanuel found the LACTUM 3+ for kids in the lane F, which
is under the Dairy Product.
3. The students of grade 7 is make a line up according to height.
4. John recovered the saved file after the unexpected power
interruption.
5. Nathalie, a secretary in court, is jotting down notes in
stenography for the court’s minute.
 6. The Jollibee customer answers the survey form for new product
offered by the establishment.
7. Mr. Salazar, a Mathematics teacher, found out that there are
some errors in his class record.
8. Grade 9 and the Grade 10 students will be the new seminar
committees on “Students Symposium.”
9. Mrs. Santos student’s in English communication, were asked to
submit a reaction paper on the issue about the effect of this
PANDEMIC on the Education System of the Philippines.
10. Jayson requested for another copy of his Form 138 at Cayetano
Arellano High school as requirement for the application of
Entrance Examination at UPCAT.

BOX OF CHOICES

STORING SORTING MERGING

RETRIEVING RECORDING

DUPLICATING CLASSIFYING

VERIFYING FEEDBACK

CALCULATING SUMMARIZING and REPORTING

TOPIC: STORAGE DEVICES

BRIEF INTRODUCTION:
 Storage devices are necessary in order for us to save our work, its fundamental function of
storage which is the reading and writing of data stored on nonvolatile media. They operate in the
microscopic realm, combining advanced magnetic physics, chemistry, and electronics.
 STORAGE DEVICES
A storage device is a piece of computer hardware used for saving, carrying, and pulling out data.
It can keep and retain information short-term or long-term. It can be a device inside or outside a
computer or server. Other terms for storage device is storage medium or storage media. A
storage device is one of the basic elements of any computer device. It almost saves all data and
applications in a computer except for hardware firmware. It comes in different shapes and sizes
depending on the needs and functionalities.

TYPES OF STORAGE
There are two type of storage:
• Primary Storage
• Secondary Storage

Primary Storage
• Also known as main memory.
• Main memory is directly or indirectly connected to the central processing unit via a
memory bus.
• The CPU continuously reads instructions stored there and executes them as required.
Example: – RAM – ROM – Cache

RAM (Random Access Memory)

• It is called Random Access Memory because any of the data in RAM can be
accessed just as fast as any of the other data.
 • There are two types of RAM:
– DRAM (Dynamic Random Access
Memory)
– SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)
RAM
Static Dynamic RAM
RAM
• Faster • Less expensive
• More expensive • Less power consumption
• More power consumption • needs to be refreshed thousands of times
• does not need to be refreshed per second

ROM
• This memory is used as the computer begins to boot up.
• Small programs called firmware are often stored in ROM chips on hardware devices (like a
BIOS chip), and they contain instructions the computer can use in performing some of the most
basic operations required to operate hardware devices.
• ROM memory cannot be easily or quickly overwritten or modified.

CACHE
• Cache is a high-speed access area that can be either a reserved section of main memory or a
storage device.
• Most computers today come with L3 cache or L2 cache, while older computers included only
L1 cache.

Secondary Storage
• It is not directly accessible by the CPU.
• Computer usually uses its input/output channels to access secondary storage and transfers the
desired data using intermediate area in primary storage.
`• Example: – Hard disk
HARD DISK
The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a computer.
• It can store anywhere from 160 gigabytes to 2 terabytes.
• Hard disk speed is the speed at which content can be read and written on a hard disk.
• A hard disk unit comes with a set rotation speed varying from 4500 to 7200 rpm.
• Disk access time is measured in milliseconds.

Hard Disk
Internal Hard External Hard
disk disk
Portability No Yes
Price Less expensive More expensive
Speed Fast Slow
Size Big Small

Examples of Storage Device

⮚ Magnetic Storage Device – one of the most popular types of storage used.

• Floppy diskette – A normal 3 ½ inch disk can store 1.44 MB of data.

• Hard drive – An internal hard drive is the main storage device in a computer. An external hard
drive is also known as removable hard drive. It is used to store portable data and backups.
• Magnetic strip – Magnetic tape drive stores video and audio using magnetic tape, like tape and
video tape recorders.
• Cassette tape – A magnetic storage device used for audio recording and playback.
• Zip diskette – Like a floppy diskette but more advanced.

⮚ Optical Storage Device – uses lasers and lights as its mode of saving and retrieving data.

• Blu-ray disc – A digital optical storage device which was intended to replace the DVD format.
• CD-ROM disc – An optical storage device that is read-only or cannot be modified nor deleted.
• CD-R and CD-RW disc – CD-R is a recordable disc that can be written to once, while CD-RW
is a rewritable disc that can be written to multiple times.
• DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW and DVD+RW disc – DVD-R and DVD+R are recordable discs
that can be written to once, while DVD-RW and DVD+RW are rewritable discs that can be
written to multiple times. The difference between the + and – is in the formatting and
compatibility.

⮚ Flash Memory Device – is now replacing magnetic storage device as it is economical, more
functional and dependable.
 • Memory card – An electronic flash memory device used to store digital information and
commonly used in mobile electronic devices.
• Memory stick – A memory card that is removable.
• SSD – Solid State Drive – A flash memory device that uses integrated circuit assemblies to
save data steadily.
• USB flash drive – A small, portable storage device connected through the USB port..

⮚ Online and Cloud – is now becoming widespread as people access data from
different devices.
● Cloud storage – Data is managed remotely and made available over a network. Basic
features are free to use but upgraded version is paid monthly as a per consumption rate.
● Network media – Audio, Video, Images or Text that are used on a computer network. A
community of people create and use the content shared over the internet.
⮚ Paper Storage – method used by early computers for saving information.

• OMR – stands for Optical Mark Recognition – A process of capturing marked data of human
from forms like surveys and tests. It is used to read questionnaires with multiple choices that
are shaded.
• Punch card – A piece of hard paper used to contain digital information coming from the
perforated holes. The presence or absence of holes in predetermined positions define the data.

ACTIVITY

Activity 1: t, Draw and Paste

Cu
the blank (cut picture) with the correct answer of each one
Paste
in
described.
DEVICE DESCRIPTI
ON
1. An electronic flash memory device used to store digital information
and commonly used in mobile electronic devices.

2. An optical storage device that is read-only or cannot be modified nor

deleted.
 3. Considered as the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a
computer.

4. An on-line storage media where data is managed remotely and made

avai able over a network.
CHECK YOUR

UNDERSTANDING:
5. A small, portable storage device connected through the USB port.

Identify what is asked in the following sentences. Write your answer in CAPITAL
LETTER, on the space provided.
1. A high-speed access area in a computer that can be either a reserved
section of main memory or a storage device.
2.A piece of computer hardware used for saving, carrying and pulling out
data.
3. It usually uses its input/output channels to access and transfers the
desired data using intermediate area in primary storage.
4. A digital optical storage device which was intended to replace the DVD
format.
5. An on-line storage media wherein data is managed remotely and made
available over the network.

TOPIC: WORK ERGONOMICS

BRIEF INTRODUCTION:
 This topic introduces students to basic ergonomics information and concepts that are relevant
to workers of all ages and to all types of workplaces. Students are introduced to ergonomic risk
factors by experiencing and try to apply some of these basic ergonomic concepts.

“Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the
understanding of the interactions among human and other elements of a system, and the
profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to
optimize human well-being and overall system performance.”

International Ergonomics Association Executive Council, August 2000

What does the word “ergonomics” mean?
Ergonomics is the study of how the human body performs tasks, and how to design
equipment, or organize the task, to best fit our body’s abilities and limits. In the workplace, this
means fitting the job to the worker.
Ergonomics – is used in workplace to help prevent repetitive and cumulative injuries
3 Main Ergonomic Principles
1. Work activities should permit worker to adapt several different healthy and safe postures.
2. Muscle forces should be done by the largest appropriate muscle groups available.
3. Work activities should be performed with joints at about mid-point of their ROM ( esp.
head, trunk, UE).

Why is ergonomics important?

Injuries that result from poor ergonomics are some of the most common and frequent kinds
of injuries, and they are found in all kinds of workplaces and occupations. Many of these are
musculoskeletal injuries, which we commonly refer to as strains and sprains.

These often affect the back but other body parts are also involved such as hands and wrists,
shoulder, neck, and knee. The rise in the use of computers has contributed to a dramatic increase
in injuries due to ergonomic factors. We don’t yet know what a lifetime of working on a personal
computer does to the body, because we only have about 25 years of experience.

Ergonomic-related injuries can be serious and disabling. Young people who get back injuries
are more likely to have lifelong back problems, which can limit both work and recreational
activities. Using the principles of ergonomics, it is possible to reduce the risk of injury.

ERGONOMICS FACTORS
Two Categories of Ergonomics Factors
1. Environmental
● Hearing

● Vision

● General comfort and health

⮚ Some examples of ergonomic environmental problems are:

● Sick building syndrome

● Excessive noise
● Improper lightning
 ● Temperature extremes

2. Physical
⮚ Physical stressors place pressure or stress on parts of the body

● Joints, muscles, nerves, tendons, bones

⮚ Sometimes the injuries are referred to as “Cumulative Trauma Disorders”

(CIDs) or “Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs)
Injury, also known as physical trauma, is damage to the body caused by external force. This
may be caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and other causes.
TYPES OF INJURIES

● Muscle pain Musculoskeletal disorder

● Repetitive stress injury Cumulative trauma disorder

● Joint pain Restricted motion

● Swelling Numbness

o eyes
o shoulder
o back spine
o neck
o elbow
o wrist
o hand
o hip and knee

Proper posture in workplace

POSTURE – is defined as the position in which someone holds their body when standing or
sitting.
Static and awkward postures lead to:
⮚ Decreased movement

⮚ Decreased circulation

⮚ Increased stress and fatigue

 Maintain Neutral Posture

⮚ Maintain erect position of back & neck without shoulders relaxed

⮚ Position equipment & work directly in front of and close to your major tasks

⮚ Avoid static positions for prolonged time: muscles fatigue --- MOVE to circulation

Modify your tasks

⮚ Alternate activities frequently; rotate heavy and/or repetitive tasks without lighter less
repetitive ones.
⮚ If stress become worse REASSESS task setup and look for alternative methods.

⮚ Avoid repetitive or prolonged grip activities.

Correct and incorrect posture

 Computer workstation ergonomics
Wellness is an active process of becoming aware of and making choices towards a
healthy and fulfilling life. It is more than being free from illness, it is a dynamic process of
change and growth. A good or satisfactory condition of existence; a state characterized by health,
happiness, and prosperity; welfare.

Practice wellness
ACTIVITY
Directions: iew the Hazard Evaluation sample exercise with the class. Explain that there is
Rev personal ent involved in evaluating hazards. For example, a large bulky mouse may keep
judgm the ously bent at an uncomfortable angle.
wrist continu
ut 1 for an individual learning activity. Ask students to choose one job (either
Answer ician or computer programmer) or activity at work or at home. List potential A,
hando azards on computer ergonomics for the job or activity on the worksheet and
computer give type of hazard.
techn B and
C type h
reasons for
the
HAZARDS EVALUATION

Name: (Computer Ergonomics) : Date

Setting : Computer Laboratory Hazard A: Can cause serious injury. Must be

corrected immediately.

Activity /Job : Computer Hazard B : Must be corrected soon to avoid injury.

Technician

Location : Philippines Hazard C : Not an immediate concern. Plan to correct in

future.

Hazard Hazard B Hazard C

A

(Examp (Example) (Example)

le)
1. Computer screen near 1. Large bulky mouse may
1. Overloaded Electrical sockets a window. keep the wrist
continuously bent at an
uncomfortable angle.

Reasons why : Reasons why :

Reasons why :
 REMEMBE
R
R!

Practicing wellness in workplace and having a good consideration of

ergonomics in the design which can prevent musculoskeletal discomfort, improve
productivity and work efficiency, reduce production costs and optimize human
well-being

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

Identify what is asked in the following sentences and write your COMPLETE answer on
the space provider.
1. It is defined as the position in which someone holds their body when standing
or sitting
2. place pressure or stress on parts of the body such as joints, muscles, nerves,
tendons, and bones are considered as:
3. The scientific discipline concerned of eliminating discomfort and risk of
repetitive and cumulative injuries in workplace.
4. It is defined as an active process of becoming aware of and making
choices towards a healthy and fulfilling life.
5. It refers to harm caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and the like.
POST - TEST
MULTIPLE CHOICE DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Encircle your
answer on your worksheet.
1. Occupational health and safety standards are in place to mandate the removal,
reduction, or replacement of job site hazards.
A. Hardware C. Software
B. Occupational Health and Safety D. Task Identification
2. A process of identifying what is known, what is needed, what problem might occur
and who will be the right person for the task.
A. Hardware C. Software
B. Occupational Health and Safety D. Task Identification
3. The physical and tangible components of a computer.
A. Hardware C. Software
B. Occupational Health and Safety D. Task Identification
4. The intangible components of a computer that allows the computer hardware to work.
A. Hardware C. Software
B. Occupational Health and Safety D. Task Identification
5. Devices used to input/enter data and information to the computer.
A. Input devices C. Processing device
B. Output devices D. Storage devices
6. Devices that display results of the processed data that was entered using input devices.
A. Input devices C. Processing device
B. Output devices D. Storage devices
7. Hardware devices used for storing information from the computer.
A. Input devices C. Processing device
B. Output devices D. Storage devices
8. A device responsible for processing raw data in the computer.
A. Input devices C. Processing device
B. Output devices D. Storage devices
9. Computer software that refers to the files and programs that make up your computer's
operating system.
A. Application software C. System software
B. Preventive software D. Utility software
10. Computer software that refer to programs designed for the computer users.
A. Application software C. System software
B. Preventive software D. Utility software
11. A process of manipulating data to make it more useful forms. It does not only
consist of mathematical calculations but also data operations.
A. Data C. Data processing cycle
B. Data processing D. Extended data processing
12. It is defined as a collection of raw and unprocessed facts.
A. Data C. Information
B. Data Processing D. Software
13. A software that controls application processing and hardware resources of the
computer system such as memory, disk space, and peripheral devices.
A. Application software C. Software
B. Database software D. System software
14. This is the operation of manipulating and transforming data into useful information.
The data are manipulated and changed in this step.
A. Input C. Processing
B. Output D. Storage
15. It is defined as a set of instructions that tell the computer what to do.
A. Application software C. Software
B. Database software D. System software
16. A collection of programs that perform a variety of tasks or functions. It involve
communicating with the disk drives, etc., and other peripheral devices.
A. Application software C. Software
B. Operating system D. System software
17. A program that is created to assist users with a specific task. Programs to perform
word processing, manipulate spreadsheets, manage database, and communicate with
other computers are some of the popular applications.
A. Application software C. Software
B. Database software D. System software
18. The output of data that has been already manipulated and transformed into something
useful.
A. Data C. Information
B. Data Processing D. Software
19. An application that enables users with an Internet connection to access and view
webpages on a computer or mobile device
A. Hardware C. Web browser
B. Internet D. website
20. The scientific discipline concerned of eliminating discomfort and risk of repetitive
and cumulative injuries in workplace.
A. Attitude C. Ergonomics
B. Economics D. Occupational Health and Safety
REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

I learned that…

_
Bahr, N. J., ―System Safety Engineering and Risk Assessment: A
Practical Approach‖, Taylor and Francis, 1997
http://www.austlii.edu.au
http://www.michigan.gov/documents/4-pub207_60737_7.pdf
LO2
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http://www.lakeland.cc.il.us/
http://www.waset.org/journals/waset/v48/v48-76.pdf
http://www.leankaizen.co.uk/5s-your-computer.htm

BOOKS:
An introduction to COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS and WORD PROCESSING
by: Marlyn P. Buendia and Michelle C. Ramos

Introduction to Computer Fundamentals (Concepts and Application )

by: Copernicus Pepito

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q=computer+workstation+ergonomics&sxsrf=ALeKk01BHsas
CDxxvn5AQ2wHaR1t6SsWnA:1594180529901&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUK
EwiTzsSh4bzqAhUUfnAKHdEgCxgQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=2aj
Uxpq3waJXeM

Practice wellness
https://www.google.com/search?q=practice+wellness+in+work+and+home&sxsrf=ALeKk012_5
X7Tp6PnDQwovHZTM3o3rkkzw:1594181390046&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahU
KEwji8Ne75LzqAhXQa94KHcXACmUQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=
bMEuB1hEh3uc-M

Other links
https://ehs.unc.edu/workplace-safety/ergonomics/#
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrwBpUNId9eIVMAtQbfSQx.;_ylu=X3o
DMTB0N2poMXRwBGNvbG8Dc2czBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYw
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrxguoFJ99eB2IA4gDfSQx.;_ylu=X3oD
MTB0N2poMXRwBGNvbG8Dc2czBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYw\
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrWq7uAyuhe4gYAVEsEIYpQ?
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrxhWpI1ehej0EAKw7fSQx.;_ylu=X3o
DMTB0N2poMXRwBGNvbG8Dc2czBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBH
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/
search;_ylt=AwrxgvnvJ99eVFQAYAPfSQx.;_ylu=X3o
DMTB0N2poMXRwBGNvbG8Dc2czBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNwaXZz?p=headset+
with+microphone+for+computer&type=3150&param1=f374bb2c9f0641baa8ac02010143464f&
param2=20191104&param3=Avast+Secure+Browser%7C81.1.4222.139&param4=17%7CPH%
7C1.17.4.578%7C1.17.4.578&hsimp=yhs-securebrowser&hspart=avast&ei=UTF-8&fr=yhs-
avast- securebrowser&guccounter=1#id=4&iurl=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fviiwoo.s3.amazonaws.com
%2F81
%252F81007842%252F81007842-1-150204152729.jpg&action=click
EPP 9
Revised Edition 2022

Management and Development Team

Schools Division Superintendent: Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V

CID Chief Education Supervisor: Aida H. Rondilla
CID Education Program Supervisor: Dr. Ariel D. Tosio
CID LRMS Supervisor: Lucky S. Carpio
CID LRMS Librarian II: Lady Hannah C. Gillo
CID LRMS PDO II: Albert James P. Macaraeg

Writer/s: Julian Joseph G. Dela Cruz, MT-I, Arellano High School

Illustrator/s: Julian Joseph G. Dela Cruz, MT-I, Arellano High School
Content Validator/s: Dr. Ariel D. Tosio, EPS DCS-Manila
Ruff G. Malla, HT-VI, EARIST
Celeste L. Ching, MT-I, A. Villegas Vocational High School

Language Editor/s: Dr. Ariel D. Tosio, EPS DCS-Manila

Ruff G. Malla, HT-VI, EARIST
Celeste L. Ching, MT-I, A. Villegas Vocational High School