LOOPING CONSTRUCTS

FOR EMBEDDED C

By
Dr. H. Parveen Sultana
Professor/SCOPE,
VIT,Vellore 19/12/2023
TYPES OF LOOPING CONSTRUCTS

1. For Loop
2. While
3. Do-While
 FOR LOOP SYNTAX
for (statement 1; statement 2; statement 3) {
// code block to be executed }
Statement 1 - executed one time before the execution of the code block.

Statement 2 - the condition for executing the code block.

• The initialization statement is executed only once.

• Again the condition is evaluated.

int i;

for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

}
Output : 0 1 2 3 4
 FOR LOOP – TYPE1
int main() Note: return 0 is implicit at the
end of the programs, please
{
ignore that.
int lower_limit = 0;
int upper_limit = 100;
int count;
Initialization Termination Update
for(count = lower_limit; count < upper_limit; count ++) {
printf("%d, ",count); }
printf("\n");
}
Output
 FOR LOOP- TYPE2

Initialization
Termination Update

Initialization
replaced
with a
semicolon
 FOR LOOP - TYPE3
Note: Termination
statement cannot be
omitted from the for
loop.

Initialization

Termination
Initialization Omitted the
replaced with a update
semicolon statement

Update
FOR LOOP AND THE COMMA OPERATOR

Output

Notice ‘i’ and ‘j’ looping together in a

int main(){
int i, j;

for (i = 0, j = 10; i < 3 && j > 8; i++, j--){

Output:
the value of i and j : 0 10
the value of i and j : 1 9
 WHILE LOOP SYNTAX
while (testExpression) {
// the body of the loop }
How while loop works?
• The while loop evaluates the testExpression inside the parentheses ().
• If testExpression is true, statements inside the body of while loop are
executed. Then, testExpression is evaluated again.
• The process goes on until testExpression is evaluated to false.
• If testExpression is false, the loop terminates.
 EXAMPLE

int i = 0;

while (i < 5) {
printf("%3d", i);
i++;
}
output : 0 1 2 3 4
 CONTD…

Notice the
similarity

Initialization

Termination

Update
PREDICT THE OUTPUT?
 WHILE (1) OR WHILE (TRUE) & BREAK
STATEMENT

Run forever
If the condition is
satisfied break from
the while loop

Otherwise, print
count and update
 DO- WHILE LOOP SYNTAX
do {
// code block to be executed
}while (condition);
How do...while loop works?
• The body of do...while loop is executed once. Only then, the condition
is evaluated.
• If condition is true, the body of the loop is executed again and
condition is evaluated once more.
• This process goes on until condition becomes false.
• If condition is false, the loop ends.
 EXAMPLE

int i = 0;

do {
printf("%3d", i);
i++;
}
while (i < 5);

Output : 0 1 2 3 4
 CONTD…

Execute at least once

Start checking condition after executing at least once

Output
 CONTD…

Output
 CONTD…
On which number
will this program give
an incorrect result ?

Output
 CONTD…

Output
NESTED FOR LOOP
(0,0) (0,1) … … (0,4)
(1,0) : : : (1,4)

Matrix : : : : :
: : : : :
(4,0) … … … (4,4)

Output
 CONTINUE STATEMENT

(a)
(a) (b)

Both (a) and (b) print odd numbers between 1 and 100. Note
that (a) has an implicit ‘continue’ when the condition is not
satisfied. (b) has an explicit ‘continue’ on the even numbers.

Output
 PRACTICE PROBLEMS ON LOOPING

1. Find the total number of digits in a given number.

2. Find the sum of digits of a number.

3. Find if a given number is an Armstrong number.

4. Find if a given number is prime.

5. Reverse a number.
THANK YOU