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Long report Mini project

Electrical Engineering (Eletronic) (Universiti Teknologi MARA)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

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EEE111 ELECTRO-TECHNOLOGY
MINI PROJECT
DARKNESS DETECTOR USING LDR

NAME 1)MUHAMMAD IRFAN BIN MUHAMAD KHAIRUL

2) MUHAMMAD IKMAL BIN MESNIN
MATRIC NO 1)2022891372
2)2022817188
GROUP CEEE1111C(GROUP 26)
DATE OF EXPERIMENT EXPERIMENT 9 7/11/2022
EXPERIMENT 10 14/11/2022
DATE OF SUBMISSION 1/12/2022
LECTURE NAME ROZI BIN RIFIN

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TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. CONTENT PAGE

1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. OBJECTIVE 3
3. RESULT 4
4. DISSCUSSION 8
5. CONCLUSION&REFERENS 15

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Introduction

We had to complete a mini project that took two lab sessions. We designed the circuit board
layout for the first experiment (exp. 9) and tested it using Proteus Design Suite software. We
had to identify the component we utilized to construct the circuit board layout for this mini
project in this lab session. Then, in experiment 10, we used the printed circuit board (PCB)
layout we had created in the previous experiment to see if it worked or not and to determine
which component, we should apply to our PCB layout. So, the PCB layout is important to
reducing the size of an electronic product. In addition, it helps us avoid wasting money.
Electricity is transferred at an electronic product using a PCB layout. Most modern electronic
products, including smartphones, televisions, laptops, and other related items, incorporate
printed circuit boards (PCBs).

We basically have a battery, an IC 555 timer, resistors, a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), a
capacitor, a polarized capacitor, and a Piezo Buzzer on our circuit board. To power the
buzzer, the circuit has a battery. The buzzer will then ring if it detects light, and it will go
silent if it detects darkness.

Symbols Component
Battery

Light Dependent
Resistor (LDR)

Resistor

IC 555 Timer

Capacitor

Polarized Capacitor

We are using Proteus Design Suite Apply each component to the

1 | P a ga ecircuit board based on
to design circuit board, and check that each
Figure 9-2 from the lab manual. component is in the proper location.
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The circuit is proper and error-free if

After that, we the schematic into
the buzzer rings after running the
PCB layout and wrote our group
circuit board. then write down all
name at the PCB layout. Then we
the information we require based on
developed a 3D visualisation of it.
lab manual.

After the printed version of the

We accurately position each
PCB layout, we had designed
component before placing and
before, we proceeded to drill all of
soldering it to the PCB.
the PCB's holes.

After finishing the procedure, we present

the PCB to the instructor, get it tested,
and get their approval.

Objective

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1)To study and understanding the use of Proteus 8 Professional for designing circuit board
layouts, also to know about the functionality of each component used in the circuit.

2) Learn how to put each component together correctly, and make sure the buzzer activates
when it senses darkness.

Result

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Experiment 9

Value of the polarized capacitor is (1uF)

COMPONENT VOLTAGE CURRENT

1M RESISTOR +0.70 ---------
LIGHT DEPENDENT +8.30 +0.06mA
RESISTOR

Voltage taken

COMPONENT MAX MIN

OUTPUT IC 4.0V 5.0V
555 TIMER
POLARIZED 1.5V -1.5V
CAPACITOR

Value of the polarized capacitor is (0.1uF)

COMPONENT VOLTAGE CURRENT

1M RESISTOR +0.70 ---------
LIGHT DEPENDENT +8.30 +0.06mA
RESISTOR

Voltage taken

COMPONENT MAX MIN

OUTPUT IC 750mV -8.13V
555 TIMER
POLARIZED 1.5V -1.5V
CAPACITOR

Value of the polarized capacitor is (10uF)

COMPONENT VOLTAGE CURRENT

1M RESISTOR +0.70 ---------
LIGHT DEPENDENT +8.30 +0.06mA

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RESISTOR

Voltage taken

COMPONENT MAX MIN

OUTPUT IC 4.25V -5.1V
555 TIMER
POLARIZED 1.5V -1.5V
CAPACITOR

Schematics 3D Visualisation of PCB design

PCB layout

Experiment 10

The board after laminating The board after the etching and rota spray
process

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The board after the photoresist stripper process After cutting and drilling process

Final product

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COMPONENT VOLTAGE CURRENT

1M RESISTOR +0.36V ------------
LIGHT DEPENDENT +8.28V +0.16mA
RESISTOR

COMPONENT VOLTAGE CURRENT

1M RESISTOR %18.57 ------------
LIGHT DEPENDENT %0.24 %-20.67
RESISTOR

(Simulation – actual / simulation) X 100

DISCUSSION

Part A & B

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In the beginning of the project, the lecturer introduce us about the mini project and all the
objectives that will be achieved in the project in experiment 9 basically are about the
designing about the PCB design that we will be using to make our own PCB in the
experiment 10.So after the introduction is finish we started the experiment by opening
proteus 8 professional and create a new project , decide the project name and proceed to the
next screen where we create a schematic from the selected template, the template that we
used are the default template. The designing process begin with choosing all the required
component in the component mod and saving it. after all the required components are saved,
we placed it on the design sheet and arrange it according to the figure. after all the
components are placed, we are required to connect the wiring ourselves, so we need to
carefully check and connect all the component. after the wiring are done all the resistor are
edited to all the required voltage its need. when the design are completed and all the
component are edited we used the dc ammeter included in the program to see if the all the
wiring are correct and after that we tested the design to see if the design are working by
running the simulation and the design was a success because the buzzing sound are heard
different buzzing sound are tested by changing the value of the polarized capacitors for
example when the capacitors value are set to 1uF . loud buzzing can be heard if the value is
set to 10uF, cutted buzzing are heard.

COMPONENT VOLTAGE CURRENT

1M RESISTOR +0.70 ---------
LIGHT DEPENDENT +8.30 +0.06mA
RESISTOR

This are the result recorded using DC VOLTMETER and DC AMMETER

We also measure all the voltage across all resistors using multimeter and oscilloscope below
are the recorded value.

COMPONENT MAX MIN

OUTPUT IC 4.0V 5.0V
CAPACITOR 1.5V -1.5V
PART C

PCB DESIGN AND 3D VISUALISATION

Before proceeding to convert schematic design into PCB design layout we are required to
identify the component that do not have PCB package such as battery, buzzer or LDR. After

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all the components are assign, we then proceed to the PCB. layout. We click on the PCB
layout to begin converting schematic to PCB design when the tab open, we specify first the
size of PCB board by using board edge and only then we can place all the component. after
all component is place, we then proceed to the last step that is routing, routing is the copper
connection that connects each component with each other. We used the auto router and edit
the routes that are too close to each other to prevent any error when printing and processing
the PCB board. After all that is done, we change the size of the pinhole to 1 mm as instructed
by the lecturer. We also use the T40 trace style. After all the steps are done, we then saved
the design and save it to one pendrive that will be given to the assistant for it to be printed.

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Experiment 10

Before the experiment begin the lecturer introduce us about all the process that we are going
to do in the experiment, after all the steps are explained we started the experiment by going
the first step.

1.Laminating Dry resist Film onto PCB Copper surface.

The process takes around 2 – 3 minutes. we used a masking tape to separate the dry resist
film and entered the laminate machine for the film to stick to the PCB copper board.

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2. Transferring Artwork to the copper board

After taping the design to the laminated board, it is then place on inside the UV exposure
machine that is then closed and will need to be vacuum to ensure the light really hit the
board. The timer is set to 15 second. Then we need to wait for 15 second for the process to
complete.

3. Rota spray

In this process the unexposed photoresist is removed chemically using developer leaving only
the layout in photoresist on copper. The process took around 3- 4 minutes it will underwent
an acid wash and distilled water cleaning after the acid wash. the board are entered and will
be slowly push through the machine by conveyor belt in the machine.

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4. Etching process

In this process the board is placed in an etcher that will wash away all the exposed copper
leaving only the exposed one thus creating the layout of copper connector. this process takes
around 2-3 minutes also and we will need to ensure the etchant or ferric chloride are set to the
correct temperature before starting.

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5.PHOTORESIST STRIPPER

This process will remove all the photoresist from the etched circuit board revealing the
copper that makes the circuit board. this process took around 2-3 minutes also. All of the
process above are done with the supervision of supervisor so there are no problem that occur .

6. Cutting the board

After all the procces of removing all the copper and excess phtoresist film. The board are then
taken to the cutting board to be cut into size that are measured before.this process took
around 2 minutes to ensure all the board are cut cleanly and avoiding any damage to the
board

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7. drilling

After the cutting the board then are brought to the drilling section where we will drill all the
hole needed on the cutting board for the placement of the component and soldering.the drill
we used are 0.5 mm I encounter no problem while doing the drilling because of the clear
instuction and demonstration done by the lecturer.

8. soldering

Soldering are the last step done in the experiment.before the soldering are done we need to
arrange the the component given according to the schematic.after the arrangement of
component are done and was check by the lecturer,only then we can start the soldering.for me
the soldering part was the toughest step .we encounter small problem after the soldering was
done that is the battery negative and positive are wrong so the board did not function but after
we fix the problem the board seems to fully fuction and produce beeping noise when the
board are put in dark place.Also to improve the functionality of this mini project, we can add
smoke detector and solar panel. Solar panel is for charging power for battery.Smoke detector
is for detect smoke when darkness.So our mini project can detect darkness and smoke,at the
same time its can save electicity.

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Conclusion

Our group succeeded in both objectives for this mini project. We are aware of how the buzzer
operates and how the circuit functions. Additionally, we are able to drill our own PCB layout
and solder every component into it. When we cover the Light Dependent Resistor, the buzzer
sounds (LDR). Our circuit can therefore detect darkness.

References

1)NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 ‘Reference’ PCB

2)PCB Design for Laptops and Tablets

3) DVD player PCB board

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