EXERCISE - 17

Find the equation to the circle

1. Whose radius is 3 and whose centre is (–1, 2).
Solution:

 x 1   y  2   32
2 2

x2  2x 1 y2  4y  4  9

x2  y2  2x  4y  4  0

2. Whose radius is 10 and whose centre is (–5, –6).

Solution:

 x  5   y  6   102
2 2

x2  y2 10x 12y  25  36 100  0

x2  y2 10x 12y  39  0

3. Whose radius is a + b and whose centre is (a, – b).

Solution:

x  a    y  b   a  b 
2 2 2

x2  y2  2ax  2by  a2  b2  a 2  b2  2ab

x2  y2  2ax  2by  2ab  0


4. Whose radius is a2  b2 and whose centre is (– a, – b).
Solution:

 a 
2
x  a    y  b   b2
2 2 2

x2  a2  2ax  y2  b2  2by  a2  b2

x2  y2  2ax  2by  2b2  0

Find the coordinates of the centres and the radii of the circles whose equations are
5. x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y = 41
Solution:

134
 g =  2, f =  4, c =  

Center g, f   2, 4 , r  g2  f 2  c

 61


6. 3x2 + 3y2 – 5x – 6y + 4 = 0 
Solution:

5 4
x2  y2  x  2y   0
3 3

5 
Center ,1 , r  25 13
1   6

6  
4
  36 3

7. x2 + y2 = k(x + k)
Solution:
x2  y2  kx  k2  0

k 
,0 ,r  k2  2  5 k
Center
 2  k
  4 2

8. x2 + y2 = 2gx – 2fy
Solution:
x2  y2  2gx  2fy  0

Center g, f  , r  g2  f 2


9. 1 m2 (x2  y2 )  2cx  2mcy  0

Solution:

2c
 2mc
x  y 
2 2
x y0
2
1 m2

1 m

Center  c 
 , mc 
 1 m 1 m2 
2

 2 2
c2
mc
r   c
1  m 1 m2
2

135
 Draw the circles whose equations are
10. x2 + y2 = 2ay
Solution:
Assuming a > 0
Center (0, a), r = a

11. 3x2 + 3y2 = 4x

Solution:
4x
x2  y2  0
3
2  2
Center ,0 , r 
 
3 3
 



12. 5x2 + 5y2 = 2x + 3y 

Solution:

2x 3y
x2  y2 
5

5
0

1 3 
Center  ,  , r  1  9  13
 5 10  25 100 10

13. Find the equation to the circle which passes through the points (1, –2) and (4, –3) and
which has its centre on the straight line 3x + 4y = 7.
Solution:
Let equation of circle is x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0

It passes through 1, 2 and 4, 3 so

1 4  2g  4f  c  0
2g  4f  c  5 …… (1)

16  9  8g  6f  c  0
8g  6f  c  25 …… (2)

and g, f  lies on 3x  4y  7

3g  4f  7 …… (3)

Solving (1), (2) and (3) we get,

136
 47 f
3 11
g , , c
15 5 3
94 6 11
Equation x2  y2  x y 0
15 5 3
15x2 15y2  94x 18y  55  0

14. Find the equation to the circle passing through the points (0, a) and (b, h), and having its
centre on the axis of x.
Solution:
Let equation is x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0

Center on x-axis so f = 0 …… (1)

Passes through (0, a) and (b, h) so
a2  2af  c  0  c  a2
b2  h2  2gb  c  0
h2  b2  a 2
g 
2b
2 a 2  b2  h2 
Equation: x2  y2  x  a2  0
b

Find the equations to the circles which pass through the points
15. (0, 0), (a, 0) and (0, b)
Solution:
(a, 0) and (0, b) are diametric.
End points

 x  a  x  y  y  b  0
x2  y2  ax  by  0

16. (1, 2), (3, –4) and (5, –6)

Solution:
Let equation of circle is x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0

1 4  2g  4f  c  0

137
 2g  4f  c  5 …… (1)

9 16  6g  8f  c  0
6g  8f  c  25 …… (2)
25  36 10g 12f  c  0
10g 12f  c  61 …… (3)

Solving (1), (2) and (3) we get,

g  11 , f  2 , c  25

Equation: x2  y2  22x  4y  25  0

17. (1, 1), (2, –1) and (3, 2)

Solution:
Let A(1, 1), B(2, 1), C(3, 2)
1
Slope of AB = 2, slope of AC 
2
 ABC is right angle
 2  3 1 2
Center  2 , 2    2 , 2 
5 1 
   
BC
Radius   1 9  10
2 2 2
 5 2  1 2 10
Equation:  x     y   
 2   2  4

25 1 10
x2   5x  y2  y
4 4 4
x2  y2  5x  y  4  0

18. (5, 7), (8, 1) and (1, 3)

Solution:
Let equation of circle is x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0
25  49 10g 14f  c  0
10g 14f  c  74 …… (1)
64 116g  2f  c  0

138
 16g  2f  c  65 …… (2)
1 9  2g  6f  c  0
2g  6f  c  10 …… (3)
Solving (1), (2) and (3) we get,
29 19 56
g , f
, c
6 6 3
29 19 56
Equation: x  y  x y 0
2 2

3 3 3
3x2  3y2  29x 19y  56  0

19. (a, b), (a, – b) and (a + b, a – b)

Solution:
Let equation of circle is x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0

a2  b2  2ag  2bf  c  0

2ag  2fb  c  a2  b2 …… (1)

a 2  b2  2ag  2fb  c  0

2ag  2fb  c  a2  b2 …… (2)

a  b   a  b   2g  a  b   2f  a  b   c  0
2 2

2a2  2b2  2g a  b  2f a  b  c  0

2g a  b  2f a  b  c  2a 2  2b2 …… (3)

1   2  4fb  0  f  0
a2  b2 a  b   a 2  b 2  
g , c 
2b b
a  b  x
2 2
a  b   a 2  b 2  
Equation: x  y 
2 2
 0
b b

20. ABCD is a square whose side is a; taking AB and AD as axes, prove that the equation to
the circle circumscribing the square is x2 + y2 = a (x + y).

139
 Solution:
AC is diameter
A(0, 0), C(a, a)
Equation: x(x – a) + y(y – a) = 0
x2  y2  ax  ay  0

21. Find the equation to the circle which passes through the origin and cuts off intercepts
equal to 3 and 4 from the axes.
Solution:
A(3, 0), B(0, 4) are diametric end point.
Equation: (x – 3) x + y (y – 4) = 0

x2  y2  3x  4y  0

22. Find the equation to the circle passing through the origin and the points (a, b) and (b, a).
Find the lengths of the chords that it cuts off from the axes.
Solution:
Let equation of circle x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0

a2  b2  2ga  2fb  0 …… (1)

b2  a2  2gb  2fa  0 …… (2)

1   2  2g a  b  2f  b  a   0
  a 2  b2  
a b, g  f 
2 a  b

2  a 2  b2 
2  a 2  b2 
Equation: x  y   a  b  x   a  b  y  0
   
 a 2  b2
Length of xint  2 g2  c  2 g 
a b


a 2  b2
yint  2 f 2  c  2 f 
 ab


23. Find the equation to the circle which goes through the origin and cuts off intercepts equal
to h and k from the positive parts of the axes.

140
Solution:
(h, 0), (0, k) are diametric end points.

x  h x  y  y  k  0
x2  y2  hx  ky  0

24. Find the equation to the circle, of radius a, which passes through the two points on the
axis of x which are at a distance b from the origin.
Solution:
Center (0, )

 2  a 2  b2

x2   y    a 2
2

x2  y2  2 a2  b2 y  b2  0

Find the equation to the circle which

25. touches both axis at a distance 5 from the origin.
Solution:
Center (5, 5), r = 5

 x  5   y  5   25
2 2

x2  y2 10x 10y  25  0
Similarly, 3 more circles are possible in second, third and fourth quad.

26. touches both axis and is of radius a.

Solution:
Center (a, a), r = a

x  a  y  a  a2
2 2

x2  y2  2ax  2ay  a2  0

27. touches both axes and passes through the point ( –2, –3).
Solution:

141
 Center (h, h), r = h

x2  y2  2hx  2hy  h2  0

2, 3
4  9  4h  6h  h2  0
h2 10h 13  0 

10  48
h  52 3
2
28. touches the axis of x and passes through the two points (1, –2) and (3, –4).
Solution:
Let equation: x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0

1 4  2g  4f  c  0
2g  4f  c  5 …… (1)
9 16  6g  8f  c  0
6g  8f  c  25 …… (2)

g2  c …… (3)
Solving (1), (2) and (3) we get,
g = 3, f = 2, c = 9

x2  y2  6x  4y  9  0

29. touches the axis of y at the origin and passes through the point (b, c).
Solution:
Center (, 0), r = 

x    y2  2
2

b2  2b  2  c2  2
b2  c 2

2b
2  b2  c2 
2
Equation: x  y  x  0
 b 

142
 30. touches the axis of x at a distance 3 from the origin and intercepts a distance 6 on the axis
of y.
Solution:

r 3 2

   3 2 
2 2
Equation:  x  3  y  3 2
2

x2  y2  6x  6 2y  9  0

31. Points (1, 0) and (2, 0) are taken on the axis of x, the axes being rectangular. On the line
joining these points an equilateral triangle is described, its vertex being in the positive
quadrant. Find the equations to the circles described on its sides as diameters.
Solution:
C1 cos 60, 0  sin 60


 3 3 
C  2 , 2 
 
Equation of circle AB as diagram:  x 1 x  2  y  y  0

x2  y2  3x  2  0
 3  3
Equation of circle AC as diagram:  x 1 x   y y 0
 2  2 

   
 3  3 
Equation of circle BC as diagram:  x  2  x   y y 0
 2   2 
   


32. If y = mx be the equation of a chord of a circle whose radius is a, the origin of coordinates
being one extremity of the chord and the axis of x being a diameter of the circle, prove
that the equation of a circle of which this chord is the diameter is (1 + m2) (x2 + y2) – 2a
(x + my) = 0.
Solution:
Foot of perpendicular from (a, 0) on mx – y = 0 is the center of required circle

143
 am
From figure: p 
 1 m2
2 2 2 2 a2m2
r a p  a 
1 m2
a2
r2 
1 m2
Center (x, y) then
x a
 
y ma 

m 1 1 m2 
 am2 am   a am 
Center  a  , 2 
 2
, 2 
2
1
 

 m 1 m   1 m 1 m 
 a 2  am 2 a2
Equation:  x  2 
y  1 m2
 1 m   1 m2 
 a2  2ax a 2 m2 2amy a2
x2    y2
 

1 m  2 2 1 m 2 1  m2  1 m2 1  m2
x 2
 y2 1 m2   2ax  2amy  0

33. Find the equation to the circle passing through the points (12, 43), (18, 39), and (42, 3)
and prove that it also passes through the points (–54, –69) and (–81, –38).
Solution:
43  39 2
D(15, 41), slope of AB  
12 18 3
Equation of perpendicular bisector of AB
3x  2y  37  0 …… (1)

Similarly, equation of perpendicular bisector of BC

2x  3y  3  0 …… (2)

Solve (1) and (2) to find the center of circle

Center 21, 13

Radius  12  21   43 13  332   56   65

2 2 2

Equation of circle  x  21   y 13  652

2 2

144
 The points 54, 69 and 81, 38 also satisfy this.

34. Find the equation to the circle circumscribing the quadrilateral formed by the straight
lines 2x + 3y = 2, 3x – 2y = 4, x + 2y = 3 and 2x – y = 3.
Solution:
BD will the diameter of circle
 11 1 
B  , 
 8 4 

 7 5 
D  , 
 4 8 
 11  7  1  5
Equation of circle x x  y y 0
     
8 4 4 8
     
25 77 3 5
x2  y2  x  y2  y   0
8 32 8 32
8x2  8y2  25x  3y 18  0

35. Prove that the equation to the circle of which the points (x1 , y1) and (x2, y2) are the ends
of a chord of a segment containing an angle  is
(x – x1) (x – x2) + (y – y1) (y – y2) ± cot  [(x – x1) (y – y2) – (x – x2) (y – y1)] = 0.

Solution:
y  y2
Slope of BP 
x  x1
y  y1
Slope of AP 
x  x1

y  y2 y  y1

tan   x  x2 x  x1
1  y  y2  y  y1 

 x  x2  x  x1 

 tan  
 y  y2  x  x1    y  y1  x  x2 
 x  x1  x  x2    y  y1  y  y2 
 x  x1  x  x 2    y  y1  y  y 2    cot   y  y 2  x  x1    y  y1  x  x 2 

145
36. Find the equations to the circles in which the line joining the points (a, b) and (b, – a) is
a chord subtending an angle of 45° at any point on its circumference.
Solution:
From above question

 x  a  x  b    y  b  y  a    cot 45  x  a  y  a    x  b  y  b  


x2  y2  a  b x  a  b y   xy  ax  ay  a2  xy  by  bx  b2 
x2  y2  a  b x  a  b y    x a  b  y a  b  a 2  b2 

x2  y2  a 2  b2

x2  y2  2 a  b x  2 a  b y  a 2  b2  0

146
 EXERCISE - 18
Write down the equation of the tangent to the circle
1. x2 + y2 – 3x + 10y = 15 at the point (4, –11).
Solution:
T=0
3
4x 11y   x  4  5 y 11  15
2
5x 12y  152

 11 
2. 4x2 + 4y2 – 16x + 24y = 117 at the point  4,  .
2
 
Solution:
T=0
 11   11 
4  4x   4  y   8  x  4 12  y   117
2 2
   
24x 10y 151  0

Find the equations to the tangents to the circle

3. x2 + y2 = 4 which are parallel to the line x + 2y + 3 = 0.
Solution:
Let equation is x + 2y +  = 0
0  0  
Now, 2
5

  2 5

Equation of tangents: x  2y  2 5  0

4. x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 which are parallel to the line x + 2y – 6 = 0.

Solution:
Let tangent: x + 2y = 

g  2f  
Now,  g2  f 2  c
5

  g  2f   5 g2  f 2  c

147


  g  2f  5 g2  f 2  c


Equation: x  2y  g  2f   5 g2  f 2  c


5. Prove that the straight line y  x  c 2 touches the circle x2 + y2 = c2, and find its point
of contact.
Solution:
x2  y2  C2

xyC 2  0

00C 2
 C  Radius of circle
2

For point of contact find foot of perpendicular from (0, 0) to the line x  y  C 2  0
x y  C 2 
1  1   2 
 
C C
x , y 
 2 2



6. Find the condition that the straight line cx  by  b2  0 may touch the circle

x2  y2  ax  by and find the point of contact.

Solution:
x2  y2  ax  by  0
 a b 
r  a  b
2 2
C ,  ,
 2 2  4

Line cx  by  b2  0

ac b 2
  b2
2 2 a 2  b2

c2  b2 4

ac  b2  a 2  b2  b 2  c2  
2

a 2c2  b4  2acb2  a 2b2  a 2c2  b4  b2c2

b 2  2ac  a 2  c 2   0

148
 a  c
2
b0 0a c

Tangent ax  by  b2  0

Point of contact:
a b  a2 b2 2 
x a   2 2 b 
2    2 a 2 b 
yb
2 
 
 
a b
x y 
2 2  1
a b 2
x = 0, y=b
(0, b)

7. Find whether the straight line x  y  2  2 , touches the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + l = 0.

Solution:
Center (1, 1), r=1

Perpendicular distance of (1, 1) from line x  y  2  2 0

11  2  2
  1  Radius
2
Line touches the circle.

8. Find the condition that the straight line 3x + 4y = k may touch the circle x2 + y2 = 10x.
Solution:
Center (5, 0), r=5
15  0  k
 5  15  k  25
5
k = 40 or k = 10

9. Find the value of p so that the straight line x cos  + y sin  – p = 0 may touch the circle
x2 + y2 – 2ax cos  – 2by sin  – a2 sin2  = 0.
Solution:
Center (a cos , b sin )

149
 r  a2 cos2   b2 sin 2   a 2 sin 2 

a cos2   bsin2   p
 a2  b2 sin2 
 cos   sin 
2 2

a cos2   bsin2   p   a 2  b2 sin2 


p  a cos2   bsin2   a2  b2 sin2 


10. Find the condition that the straight line Ax + By + C = 0 may touch the circle
(x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = c2.
Solution:
Center (a, b), rC

Aa  Bb  C
C
A2  B2

 Aa  Bb  C 2  C2  A 2  B2 

11. Find the equation to the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 which
(i) is parallel to the straight line y = mx + c,
(ii) is perpendicular to the straight line y = mx + c,
(iii) passes through the point (b, 0), and
(iv) makes with the axes a triangle whose area is a2.
Solution:
(i) Let equation of tangent is mx  y  
 0  0  
a
1 m2

  a 1  m2

Equation: mx  y  a 1 m2
(ii) Let equation is x  my  
 0  0  
a
1 m2

  a 1  m2

x  my  a 1 m2

150
 (iii) Let slope of tangent is m
y  0  m  x  b

mx  y  mb  0

0  0  mb
a
1 m2
a
m2a2  a2  a 2 m2  m 
b  a2
2

Equation: ax  b2  a 2 y  ab

(iv) y  mx  a 1 m2
a 1  m2
xint  
m

yint  a 1 m2

1 a2 1 m2  
Area    a2
2 m
m2 1  2m or m2 1  2m
m=1 or m = 1

xya 2

x y
12. Find the length of the chord joining the points in which the straight line   1, meet
a b
the circle x2 + y2 = r2.
Solution:
0  0 1
 
1 1
 2
 2
a b

AB  2AM  2 r2  p2

 a 2b 2
2 r 2  2
a  b2

13. Find the equation to the circles which pass through the origin and cut off equal chords a
from the straight lines y = x and y = –x.

151
 Solution:
Chord of A can be
 a a   a a 
 ,  or  , 
 2 2   2 2 
 a  
Similarly, B  a , or B a , a 
   
 2 2   2 2 
Write equation of circle with AB as diameter.

14. Find the equation to the straight lines joining the origin to the points in which the straight
line y = rnx + c cuts the circle x2 + y2 = 2ax + 2by
Hence find the condition that these points may subtend a right angle at the origin.
Find also the condition that the straight line may touch the circle.
Solution:
y  mx
 1, x2  y2  2ax  2by  0
c
 y  mx   y  mx 
x2  y2  2ax  2by 0
   
c c
   
cx2  cy2  2axy  2amx2  2by2  2bmxy  0

c  2am x2  2xy mb  a   y2 c  2b  0

If perpendicular coefficient of x2  coefficient of y2  0

c  2am  c  2b  0
c  b  am
If y  mx  c , touches x2  y2  2ax  2by  0

ma  b  c
Then,  a2  b2
 1  m2

 ma  b  c 2   m2 1 a 2  b 2 


Find the equation to the circle which
15. has its centre at the point (3, 4) and touches the straight line 5x + 12y = 1.
Solution:
Center (3, 4), distance of center from tangent = r

152
 5 3  12  4 1 62
r  
13 13
  62 
2

Equation:  x  3   y  4    
2 2

 13 


x y
16. touches the axes of coordinates and also the line   1, the centre being in the positive
a b
quadrant.
Solution:
Let center (r, r), rad = r
r r
 1
a b r
1 1
2
 2
a b

br  ar  ab  r a 2  b2

a  b r  ab  r a2  b2

ab ab
r  or r 
a  b  a  b 2 2
a  b  a 2  b2

r

ab a  b  a 2  b 2 , r  ab  a  b  a 2  b2 
2ab 2ab

r  a b a b
2 2
…… (1)
2

Equation:  x  r    y  r   r 2 where r is from equation (1).

2 2

17. has its centre at the point (1, –3) and touches the straight line 2x – y – 4 = 0.
Solution:
234 1
r 
5 5

1
Equation:  x 1   y  3 
2 2

5
18. Find the general equation of a circle referred to two perpendicular tangents as axes.
Solution:
In first quad,
Center (r, r), radius = r

x  r  y  r  r2
2 2

x2  y2  2rx  2ry  r2  0

19. Find the equation to a circle of radius r which touches the axis of y at a point distant h
from the origin, the centre of the circle being in the positive quadrant.
Prove also that the equation to the other tangent which passes through the origin is
(r2 – h2) x + 2rhy = 0
Solution:
Center C(r, h)

Equation:  x  r    y  r   r 2
2 2

x2  y2  2rx  2hy  h2  0
Let equation of OA: mx – y =0
mr  h
r
1 m2

m2 r2  h2  2mrh  r2  r2 m2
h2  r 2
r 
2mh
Equation: r 2
 h2  x  2rhy  0

20. Find the equation to the circle whose centre is at the point ( ) and which passes through
the origin, and prove that the equation of the tangent at the origin is x + y = 0.
Solution:

Center   r  2  2

Equation:  x      y      2   2
2 2

x2  y2  2x  2y  0
Equation of tangent at O(0, 0)
 0  0    x  0    y  0  0

x y  0

21. Two circles are drawn through the points (a, 5a) and (4a, a) to touch the axis of y. Prove
1 40
that they intersect at an angle tan .
9
Solution:
Let center (h, k)

Equation  x  h    y  k   h 2
2 2

x2  y2  2hx  2ky  k2  0

a2  25a2  2ah 10ak  k2  0 …… (1)

16a2  a 2  8ah  2ak  k2  0 …… (2)

1   2  9a 2  6ah  8ak  0


2ah 
1
3
8ak  9a2  …… (3)

Equation (1), 26a2 

1
8ak  9a  10ak  k
3
2 2
0

3k2  38ak  87a2  0

k  3a3k  29a  0
29a
k = 3a, k
3
Put in equation (3)
5a 205a
h , h
2 18

Center  2 , 3a  ,  18 , 3 
5a 205a 29a 
   

3a  a 4
Slope  m1  
5a 3
 4a
2
29a
a
Slope  m  3 
156
2
205a
 4a 133
18
 156 4

tan  m1  m2  133 3
1  m1 m2 1
156 4

133 3
40
tan  
9

22. A circle passes through the points (–1, 1), (0, 6), and (5, 5). Find the points on this circle
the tangents at which are parallel to the straight line joining the origin to its centre.
Solution:
Let A(1, 1), B(0, 6), C(5, 5)
AB  BC so diameter is AC
 x  1x  5   y 1 y  5  0
x2  y2  4x  6y  0
Center (2, 3)
We have to find P, Q
2
mPQ   tan 
3


P, Q are 2  13 cos , 3  13 sin  
(1, 5) and (5, 1).
 EXERCISE - 19
Find the polar of the point
1. (1, 2) with respect to the circle x2 + y2 = 7.
Solution:
T=0
x + 2y = 7

2. (4, –1) with respect to the circle 2x2 + 2y2 = 11.

Solution:
T=0
2(4x) + 2 (y) = 11
8x – 2y = 11

3. (–2, 3) with respect to the circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y + 5 = 0.

Solution:
T=0
2x  3y  2  x  2  3  y  3  5  0

4x  0  x  0

 1
5,  2  with respect to the circle 3x + 3y – 7x + 8y – 9 = 0.
4. 2 2

 
Solution:
T=0
 1  7  1
3 5x  3 y   x  5  4 y  g  0
 2  2  2 
   
23x  5y  57

5. (a, –b) with respect to the circle x2 + y2 + 2ax – 2by + a2 – b2 = 0.

Solution:
T=0
ax  by  a  x  a   b  y  b  a 2  b2  0

2ax  2by  2a2  0

 ax  by  a2  0

Find the pole of the straight line

6. x + 2y = 1 with respect to the circle x2 + y2 = 5.
Solution:
Let 9x, y) is pole
Equation of polar: xx1  yy1  5

x  2y  1

x1 y1
Compare  5
1 2
(5, 10)

7. 2x – y = 6 with respect to the circle 5x2 + 5y2 = 9.

Solution:
Let P  x 1 , y1  is pole

5xx1  5yy1  9

2x  y  6
3 3
  x 1  , y1 
5x1 5y1 3

2 1 2 5 10
 3 3 
 , 
 5 10 


8. 2x + y + 12 = 0 with respect to the circle x2 + y2 – 4x + 3y – 1 = 0.
Solution:
3
xx  yy  2  x  x    y  y  1  0
1 1 1 1
2
 x  2 x   y  3  y   2x  3y1 1  0
1  1 2  1
2 
   
2x  y 12  0
3
y  3y
2x1  1 1
x1  2  1  2
 2 

2 1 12
 3y1
x1  2  2y1  3, 6x1 12  2x1  1
2
3y1
x1  2y1  5 …… (1) 8x1   11 …… (2)
2
Solve (1) & (2) 
x1  1, y1  2

1, 2

9. 48x – 54y + 53 = 0 with respect to the circle 3x2 + 3y2 + 5x – 7y + 2 = 0.

Solution:
5 7
3xx  3yy  x  x    y  y   2  0
1 1 1 1
2 2
 6x1  5  x   6y1  7   5x1  7y1  4  0
48x  54y  53  0
6x1  5 6y1  7 5x1  7y1  4
 
48 54 53
1 1
Solving simultaneously x1  , y1  .
2 3

10. ax + by + 3a2 + 3b2 = 0 with respect to the circle x2 + y2 + 2ax + 2by = a2 + b2.
Solution:
xx 1 yy 1 a  x  x 1  b  y  y 1  a2  b2
 x1 a x   y 1  b  y  ax 1  by 1 a 2  b2  0
ax  by  3a 2  3b2  0
x a y b ax  by  a2  b2
 

1 1 1 1
a b

3 a 2 b 2

x1  2a , y1  2b

2a, 2b

11. Tangents are drawn to the circle x2 + y2 = 12 at the points where it is met by the circle
x2 + y2 – 5x + 3y – 2 = 0; find the point of intersection of these tangents.
 Solution:
Equation of common chord
T: 5x – 3y – 10 = 0 …… (1)
Let P 
Equation of T: x + y = 12 …… (2)
Compare
  12
 
5 3 10
18 
P  6,
 
5
 

12. Find the equation to that chord of the circle x2 + y2 = 81 which is bisected at the point
(–2, 3), and its pole with respect to the circle.
Solution:
T  S1

2x  3y  4  9
2x  3y 13  0 …… (1)

Let pole  x1 , y1 

xx1  yy1  81 …… (2)

x1 y1 81
From (1) and (2)   
2 3 13
 162 , 243 


13 13  

 

13. Prove that the polars of the point (1, –2) with respect to the circles whose equations are
x2 + y2 + 6y + 5 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2x + 8y + 5 = 0 coincide; also prove that there is another
point the polars of which with respect to these circles are the same and find its coordinates.
Solution:
Equation of polar T = 0

x  2y  3  y  2  5  0

x  y 1  0

x  2y   x 1  4  y  2  5  0
 2x  2y  2  0
x  y 1  0
Both coincide
Equation of polar w.r.t.  x1 , y1 

xx1  yy1  3  y  y1   5  0

xx1   y1  3 y  3y1  5  0 …… (1)

xx1  yy1   x  x1   4  y  y1   5  0

x x1  1  y  y1  4  x1  4y1  5  0 …… (2)

From (1) & (2) 

x1 1 y1  4 x1  4y1  5
 
x1 y1  3 3y1  5
x1 1 y1  4 1 1
  
x1 y1  3 x1 y1  3
x1  y1  3

x1 1 x1  4y1  5 1 y1  x1
  
x1 3y1  5 x1 3y1  5
3y  5  x y  x 2

1 1 1 1

3x 1 9  5  x 1 x 1 3  x 2
1

2x 12  6x 1  4  0

 x1  1, 2 y1  2, 1

Point 2, 1 .

14. Find the condition that the chord of contact of tangents from the point (x', y') to the circle
x2 + y2 = a2 should subtend a right angle at the centre.
Solution:
Equation of chord of contact: xx  yy  a 2

xx  yy
1
a2
 xx  yy 
2

x2  y2  a2   0
 
2
a
 Coefficient of x2  coefficient of y2  0

 y 
2
 x 
2

a2  a 2  0
1 1

 x   y   2a 2
2 2

15. [QUESTION MISSING]

Solution:
*

16. Prove that the polar of a given point with respect to any one of the circles
x2  y2  2kx  c2  0 , where k is variable, always passes through a fixed point, whatever
be the value of k.
Solution:
Equation of polar w.r.t. (a, b)
ax  by  k  x  a   c2  0

ax  by  c   k  x  a   0
2

L1  L2  0

Which always passes through the point of intersection of L1  0 and L2  0

Hence, proved.

17. Tangents are drawn from the point (h, k) to the circle x 2 + y2 = a2; prove that the area of
the triangle formed by them and the straight line joining their points of contact is
a(h2  k2  a2 )3/2
.
h2  k2
Solution:
Area of triangle required
RL3

R2  L2

Where R = a, L  h 2  k 2  a 2

a   h2  k2  a 2  a h2  k2  a2 
3/ 2 3/ 2

Area   

a h k a
2 2 2 2
 h2  k2
 Find the lengths of the tangents drawn
18. to the circle 2x2 + 2y2 = 3 from the point (–2, 3).
Solution:
Length of tangent  51
3
Where S  x2  y2 
2
3 23
L  49 
 2 2


19. to the circle 3x2 + 3y2 – 7x – 6y = 12 from the point (6, –7).
Solution:
7
x2  y2  x  2y  4  0
3
Length  36  49 14 14  4

 81  9

20. to the circle x2 + y2 + 2bx – 3b2 = 0 from the point (a + b, a – b).

Solution:
Length of tangent  S1

 a  b   a  b   2b  a  b   3b 2
2 2

 2a2  b2  2ab


21. Given the three circles x2 + y2 – 16x + 60 = 0, 3x2 + 3y2 – 36x + 81 = 0, and
x2  y2 16x 12y  84  0 , find (1) the point from which the tangents to them are equal
in length, and (2) this length.
Solution:
S1 : x2  y2 16x  60  0

S 2 : x 2  y2 12x  27  0

S3 : x2  y2 16x 12y  84  0
33
S1 S2  4x  33  0  x 
4
 S1  S3  12y  24  0  y  2
 33 
Point  , 2 , length of tangent 
4 S1
 
  33 
2

  4  4  33  60
  4 

1

4

22. The distances from the origin of the centres of three circles x2 + y2 – 2x = c2 (where c is
a constant and  a variable) are in geometrical progression; prove that the lengths of the
tangents drawn to them from any point on the circle x2 + y2 = c2 are also in geometrical
progression.
Solution:
Center (, 0)

Distance from origin 


Let any point on circle x2  y2  c2 is  x 1, y 1 

Length of tangent  S1


 x12  y12  2x1  c 2
 
 c2  2x 1  c2  2x1


If 1 , 2 , 3 are in G.P.

Then, 21x1 , 22 x1 , 23x1 are also in G.P.

23. Find the equation to the pair of tangents drawn

(i) from the point (11, 3) to the circle x2 + y2 = 65,
(ii) from the point (4, 5) to the circle 2x2 + 2y2 – 8x + 12y + 21 = 0.
Solution:
(i) SS1  T2

x 2

 y2  65 121 9  65  11x  3y  65 
2

 
65 x 2  y 2  65  121x 2  9y2   65  66xy  390y 1430x
2
 28x2  33xy  28y2  715x 195y  4225  0
21
(ii) x  y  4x  6y  0
2 2

2
SS1  T 2

 2 21  21  
2
4x  5y  2  x  4  3  y  5  
21
x  y2  4x  6y  16  25 16  30  
  2    2 
 2  
131  2 21  
2
x  y2  4x  6y   2x  8y  35 
2  2  
 2 

123x2  64xy  3y2  664x  226y  763  0

 EXERCISE - I

1. Determine the nature of the quadrilateral formed by four lines 3x  4y – 5  0 ;

4x – 3y – 5  0 ; 3x  4y  5  0 and 4x – 3y  5  0 . Find the equation of the circle
inscribed and circumscribing this quadrilateral.
Solution:
3x  4y – 5  0 , 3x  4y  5  0
10
Distance between them  2
5
4x – 3y – 5  0 , 4x – 3y  5  0
Distance between them = 2
Square of side 2
O(0, 0) is equal distance from all the sides
So, equation of incircle x2  y2  1

Equation of circumcircle x2  y2  2

2. A circle S = 0 is drawn with its centre at (–1, 1) so as to touch the circle

x2  y2  4x  6y  3  0 externally. Find the intercept made by the circle S = 0 on the
coordinate axes.
Solution:
C1 1,1, C2 2, 3, r2  4

C1C2  r1  r2

S  r1  4  r1  1

Equation:  x 1   y 1  1  x 2  y 2  2x  2y  1  0

2 2

x intercept = 0 = y intercept.

3. The line lx + my + n = 0 intersects the curve ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 1 at the point P and Q.
The circle on PQ as diameter passes through the origin. Prove that n2(a + b) = l2 + m2.
Solution:
OP  OQ

Homogenise the curve to find equation of DP and OQ.

 lx  my
1
n
 lx  my 
2

ax  2hxy  by  
2 2
 1
 n 
These lines are perpendicular so,
Coefficient of x2  coefficient of y2  0
2 2
a b l  m  0
n2 n2

n2 a  b  l2  m2

4. One of the diameters of the circle circumscribing the rectangle ABCD is 4y = x + 7. If A

& B are the points (–3, 4) & (5, 4) respectively, then find the area of the rectangle.
Solution:
Equation of AB  y  4 , AB = 8

Let centre O
53
Abscissa of center  1
2
 1 7 
O 1,  1, 2
 
4
 
OM = 2, BC = 4
Area  8 4  32

5. Let L1 be a straight line through the origin and L2 be the straight line x + y = 1. If the
intercepts made by the circle x2 + y2  x + 3y = 0 on L1 & L2 are equal, then find the

equation(s) which represent L1.

Solution:
Perpendicular distance from centre to L1 & L2 must be equal.

1 3 1
 1 3 
Distance of , from L  2 2  2
 2 2 
  2
2
Let equation of L1 is mx – y = 0
 m 3

2 2
Now,  2
1 m2

m 2
 6m  9  81 m2  

7m2  6m 1  0

m 17m 1  0
1
m  1, m 
7
x – y = 0 or x + 7y = 0

6. A circle passes through the points (–1, 1), (0, 6) and (5, 5). Find the points on the circle
the tangents at which are parallel to the straight line joining origin to the centre.
Solution:
Let A(1, 1), B(0, 6), C(5, 5)
1
Slope of AB = 5, slope of BC 
5
AB  BC
Equation of circle:  x 1  x  5   y 1 y  5  0

x2  y2  4x  6y  0

Centre (2, 3), O(0, 0)

3
Slope 
2
3
Equation of tangent having slope is
2
3x  2y  
 6  6  
 13
 13
  13 , or   13
3x  2y  13

Foot of perpendicular from center to the tangents is the point of contact.

7. Find the equations of straight lines which pass through the intersection of the lines
x  2y  5 = 0, 7x + y = 50 & divide the circumference of the circle x2 + y2 = 100 into
two arcs whose lengths are in the ratio 2 : 1.
Solution:
Point of intersection of lines x  2y  5 = 0 and 7x + y = 50 is (7, 1)
Equation of line: y  1 = m(x – 7)
mx – y – 7m + 1 = 0
210    10
  
1 2
3   3
 

Distance of O from line  10 cos 5
3
7m 1
5
1 m2
49m2 14m 1  25  25m2
 24m2 14m  24  0  12m2  7m 12  0

3m  4  4m  3  0  m 
4 3
or
3 4
Equation: 4x  3y  25  0 or 3x  4y  25  0

8. In the given figure, the circle x2 + y2 = 25 intersects the x-

axis at the point A and B. The line x = 11 intersects the x-
axis at the point C. Point P moves along the line x = 11
above the x-axis and AP intersects the circle at Q. Find
(i) The coordinates of the point P if the triangle AQB has the maximum area.
(ii) The coordinates of the point P if Q is the middle point of AP.
(iii) The coordinates of P if the area of the triangle AQB is (1/4)th of the area of the
triangle APC.
Solution:
(i) Let Q  5 cos, 5sin 
1
Area of  AQB  10  5sin   25sin 
2
Maximum when sin   1
 Q0, 5

Equation of AQ  x  y  5  0
P(11, 16)
(ii) A5, 0 , Q  5 cos, 5sin  , P(11, y)
11 5 3
 5 cos   cos  
2 5
y
 5sin   y  8
2
P(11, 8)
(iii) C(11, 0), let P(11, ), A(5, 0)
1 1 2
Given 25sin    16    sin   
4 2 25

Equation of AP : y   x  5
11 5
Q lies on it
16  5sin    5 1 cos

16sin      cos 
sin  25
16 sin   25  sin cos 
2 2
25 25 7 24
16   cos   cos   , sin  
2 2 25 25
  12
P(11, 12)

9. A circle is drawn with its centre on the line x + y = 2 to touch the line 4x – 3y + 4 = 0
and pass through the point (0, 1). Find its equation.
Solution:
Let C, 2  

CP  CQ

4  3 2    4
  2   2   12
5

 7  22  25   2   2  1 2 
 492  28  4  502  50  25
2  22  21  0    21,   1

Centre (21, 19) or (1, 1)

Radius 29 or 1

Equation:  x 1   y 1  1 or  x  21   y 19   292

2 2 2 2

10. A point moving around circle (x + 4)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25 with centre C broke away from it
either at the point A or point B on the circle and moved along a tangent to the circle
passing through the point D (3, – 3). Find the following.
(i) Equation of the tangents at A and B.
(ii) Coordinates of the points A and B.
(iii) Angle ADB and the maximum and minimum distances of the point D from the circle.
(iv) Area of quadrilateral ADBC and the DAB.
(v) Equation of the circle circumscribing the DAB and also the intercepts made by this
circle on the coordinate axes.
Solution:
Let slope of tangent is m its equation
mx – y – 3m – 3 = 0
Distance from center equals radius
4m  2  3m  3
 5   7m 1  25  25m2
2

1  m2

49m2 14m 1  25m2  25

12m2  7m 12  0

4m  33m  4  0
, m  4
3
m
4 3
(i) Equation of tangents 3x – 4y – 21 = 0
4x  3y – 3 = 0
(ii) Foot of perpendicular from   to the tangents are A, B
x 4 y 2 12  8  21
A(x, y),   
 
  

3 4 25
x + 4 = 3, y + 2 = 4
 A ) similarly find B
B(0, 1)

(iii) D(3, 3) lies on the director circle  x  4    y  2   50

2 2

So, angle between tangents  90

Maximum distance  CD  r  49 1  5  5 2  5

Minimum distance  CD  r  49  1  5  5 2  5
(iv) Area of quadrilateral ACBD = rL = 25

1
Area of DAB   5 5  12.5
2
(v) Equation of required circle is
(x + 4) (x – 3) + (y + 2) (y + 3) = 0
(CD as diameter)
x2  y2  x  5y  6  0

1
x intercepts  2 g2  c  2 6  5
4

25
y intercepts  2 f 2  c  2 6 7
4

11. Find the locus of the mid-point of the chord of a circle x2 + y2 = 4 such that the segment
intercepted by the chord on the curve x2 – 2x – 2y = 0 subtends a right angle at the origin.
Solution:
Let mid-point is P(h, k) so equation
T  S1

hx  ky  h2  k2

hx  ky
1 …… (1)
h2  k2
Now, homogenise x2  2x  2y  0 using (1)
  hx  ky   hx  ky 
x2  2x  2 2 
 2y  2 0
h    
2

k h  k of y2  0
Coefficient of x2  coefficient
2h 2k
1  2 0
h k
2 2
h  k2
x2  y2  2x  2y  0

12. Find the equation of a line with gradient 1 such that the two circles x2 + y2 = 4 and
x2 + y2 – 10x – 14y + 65 = 0 intercept equal length on it.
Solution:
r2  p2  constant
2 2
 c  57c
4    
 2     2 
9
c  4c  4  c2
2
 3
5c
2 2
2x  2y  3  0

13. Find the locus of the middle points of portions of the tangents to the circle x2 + y2 = a2
terminated by the coordinate axes.
Solution:
Tangent at any point P  a cos, a sin 

x cos   ysin   a

Its intersection points with axes are a sec , 0 and 0, a cosec
a sec  a cos ec 
Mid-point (h, k) so h  , k 
2 2
2 2
 a  a 
 2h      1
   2k 
1 1 4
2
 2  2
x y a
14. Tangents are drawn to the concentric circles x2 + y2 = a2 and x2 + y2 = b2 at right angle
to one another. Show that the locus of their point of intersection is a 3 rd concentric circle.
Find its radius.
Solution:
Let b > a
a
sin  
OP
b
sin 90   
OP
b
cos  
OP
sin2   cos2   1

a2  b2  OP2
h2  k2  a 2  b2

x2  y2  a 2  b2

15. Find the equation to the circle which is such that the length of the tangents to it from the
points (1, 0), (2, 0) and (3, 2) are 1, 7, 2 respectively.

Solution:
Let equation of circle is x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0

Given 1 0  2g  0  c  1
2g  c  0 …… 1  3
4  0  4g  0  c  7  g  , c  3
4g  c  3 ……2 2

and 9  4  6g  4f  c  2
17
13  g  4f  3  2  f 
4
17
Equation: x  y  3x  y 3  0
2 2

16. Consider a circle S with centre at the origin and radius 4. Four circles A, B, C and D each
with radius unity and centres (–3, 0), (–1, 0), (1, 0) and (3, 0) respectively are drawn. A
 chord PQ of the circle S touches the circle B and passes through the centre of the circle

C. If the length of this chord can be expressed as x , find x.

Solution:
PQ passes through (1, 0)
Let its equation is mx – y – m = 0
It is tangent to B
m  m
1
1  m2

4m2  1  m2
1
m  
 3

Equation of PQ : x  3y  1

or x  3y  1
1
Its perpendicular distance from 0, 0 
2
 1  
2

PQ  2 16      63

  2  
 

17. If the variable line 3x – 4y + k = 0 lies between the circles x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0 and
x2 + y2 – 16x – 2y + 61 = 0 without intersecting or touching either circle, then the range
of k is (a, b) where a, b  I. Find the value of (b – a).
Solution:
If 3x – 4y + k = 0 is tangent to C1

then,
3 4 k
1
5
k = 6 or 4
3x – 4y – 4 = 0, (1, 1) and (8, 1) lie opposite side
3x – 4y + 6 = 0, (1, 1) and (8, 1) lie same side
3x – 4y + k = 0 is tangent to C2

24  4  k
 2  k  20  10
5
 k =  or 
3x – 4y – 10 = 0, (1, 1) and (8, 1) lie opposite side
3x – 4y – 30 = 0, (1, 1) and (8, 1) lie same side

So, k 10, 4

b–a=6

18. Obtain the equations of the straight lines passing through the point A(2, 0) & making 45°
angle with the tangent at A to the circle (x + 2)2 + (y  3)2 = 25. Find the equations of the

circles each of radius 3 whose centres are on these straight lines at a distance of 5 2
from A.
Solution:
x2  y2  4x  6y 12  0

Equation of tangent at A(2, 0)

2x  0  2  x  2  3y 12  0
4
4x  3y  8  0 , slope 
3
Equation of required straight lines
 4 
y  3 1  x  2


 
4
 1∓ 
 3 
7x  y  14 or x  7y  2

A point on 7x  y  14 at a distance of 5 2 from A(2, 0) is

2  5 2 cos, 0  5 2 sin   where, tan   7

Center (3, 7) or (1, 7)

Equation of circle:  x  3    y  7   9 or
2 2

 x 1   y  7  9
2 2

A point on x  7y  2 at a distance of 5 2 from A(2, 0) is

2  5  where,
1
2 cos, 0  5 2 sin  tan  
7
Center (9, 1) or  
 Equation of circle:  x  9    y 1  9 or
2 2

 x  5   y  1  9
2 2

19. A variable circle passes through the point A (a, b) & touches the x-axis; show that the
locus of the other end of the diameter through A is (x  a)2 = 4by.
Solution:
Let B(h, k)
a  h b  k 
O ,
 2 2 
 
b  k AB
Radius  
2 2
h  a   k  b
2 2 2
bk
  
2 4
 

b 2  y 2  2by   x  a   y 2  b 2  2by
2

x  a 
2
 4by

20. Find the locus of the mid-point of all chords of the circle x2 + y2  2x  2y = 0 such that
the pair of lines joining (0, 0) & the point of intersection of the chords with the circles
make equal angle with axis of x.
Solution:
Let mid-point of chord is (h, k) its equation is
hx  ky   x  h    y  k  h2  k2  2h  2k

h 1 x  k 1 y  h2  k2  h  k
h 1 x   k 1 y  1
…… (1)
h2  k2  h  k
Now, homogenise the circle using line (1)
 h 1 x  k 1 y   h 1 x   k 1 y 
x2  y2  2x  h2  k2  h  k  2y  h2  k2  h  k  0
   
This pair is equally inclined to x-axis
So, coefficient of xy = 0
 2 k 1  2 h 1
0
h2  k2  h  k
xy20

21. A circle with centre in the first quadrant is tangent to y = x + 10, y = x – 6, and the y-axis.

Let (h, k) be the centre of the circle. If the value of  h  k  a  b a where a is a

surd, find the value of a + b.

Solution:
(h, k) lies on y = x + 2
Centre (h, h + 2)

h  h  2 10 h
2
h4 2 , k4 22

22. A circle C is tangent to the x and y axis in the first quadrant at the points P and Q
respectively. BC and AD are parallel tangents to the circle with slope –1. If the points A
and B are on the y-axis while C and D are on the x-axis and the area of the figure ABCD
is 900 2 sq. units then find the radius of the circle.
Solution:
Let equation of BC or AD is
x + y = 
Let centre is  
 2  
 …… (1)
2

2    2 or 2     2

  2  2 or   2  2


A 2  2, 0 ,  
D 0, 2  2 
B  2  
2, 0 , C0, 2  2

2 2  2  2 2 

1  2 2 
Area of ABCD 
2 


2 
  2 
 
 900 2  2 42

  15  radius of circle

23. Circles C1 and C2 are externally tangent and they are both internally tangent to the circle

C3. The radii of C1 and C2 are 4 and 10, respectively and the centres of the three circles
are collinear. A chord of C3 is also a common internal tangent of C 1 and C2. Given that

m n
the length of the chord is where m, n and p are positive integers, m and p are
p
relatively prime and n is not divisible by the square of any prime, find the value of

m  n  p .
Solution:
C1C2  14

C1C2  4 10  2r  r  14

C2C3  4

C1C3  10
MC3  6

AB  2 196  36  2 160

8 10

1

24. Find the equation of the circle passing through the three points (4, 7), (5, 6) and (1, 8).
Also find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the tangents to the circle at the
points where it is cut by the straight line 5x + y + 17 = 0.
Solution:
Let equation of circle is
x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0

Given 16  49  8g 14f  c  0

8g 14f  c  65 …… (1)

25  36 10g 12f  c  0
10g 12f  c  61 …… (2)
 1 64  2g  16f  c  0

2g 16f  c  65 …… (3)

Solving (1), (2) and (3),

g = 1, f = 3, c = 15

Equation: x2  y2  2x  6y 15  0

Let required point is , 

Chord of contact: x  y  x    3  y   15  0

 1 x    3 y    3 15  0 …… (1)

Compare the equation with 5x  y 17  0
 1   3   3 15
 
5 1 17
  4 ,   2

4, 2

25. The line 2x – 3y + 1 = 0 is tangent to a circle S = 0 at (1, 1). If the radius of the circle is
13 . Find the equation of the circle S.
Solution:
Equation of circle touching 2x – 3y + 1 = 0 at (1, 1)

 x 1   y 1    2x  3y  1  0
2 2

x2  y2  2x  1  y3  2  2    0
 3  2     2  13
2

Radius   1 2   2
 


4   2  2  1  92  4 12  4  8  52

132  52    2
Equation of circle: x2  y2  2x  8y  4  0

or x2  y2  6x  4y  0

26. Find the equation of the circle which passes through the point (1, 1) & which touches the
circle x2 + y2 + 4x  6y  3 = 0 at the point (2, 3) on it.
 Solution:
Equation of tangent at (2, 3)
2x + 3y + 2(x + 2) – 3(y + 3) – 3 = 0
4x  8  0  x  2
Equation of circle touching x = 2 at (2, 3) is

 x  2   y  3    x  2   0
2 2

1,1 
1 4  1  0    5

Equation of circle: x2  y2  x  6y  3  0

27. Find the equation of the circle whose radius is 3 and which touches the circle
x2  y2  4x  6y 12  0 internally at the point (–1, –1).

Solution:
4
Slope of OC   tan 
3
C  2  2 cos, 3  2 sin 
 3 4
 C  2  2  , 3  2 
5 5
 

 C  , 
4 7 
 5 5 
 4 2  7 2
Equation:  x     y    9
 5   5 


28. Given that a right angled trapezium has an inscribed circle. Prove that the length of the
right angled leg is the Harmonic mean of the lengths of bases.
Solution:
Let OA = a, BC = b
Centre (r, r)
OB = 2r
OD = OE = r = BF
CF = b – r
AD = a – r
 AC = AE + EC = a – r + b – r

 AC   4r 2   b  a 
2 2

a2  b2  4r2  2ab  4ar  4br  4r2  a2  b2  2ab

4ab  4 a  b r

ab
r 
a b

29. Let K denotes the square of the diameter of the circle whose diameter is the common
chord of the two circles x2 + y2 + 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 4x + 3y + 2 = 0 and W
denotes the sum of the abscissa and ordinates of a point P where all variable chords of
the curve y2 = 8x subtending right angles at the origin, are concurrent. And H denotes
the square of the length of the tangent from the point (3, 0) on the circle
2x2  2y2  5y 16  0 . Find the value of KWH.

Solution:
K: Equation of common chord: 2x + 1 = 0
2
 
9 1
K  2   8
 4 4  
 y  mx 
W: Let chord is 1  …… (1)

 c  

 

Homogenise the curve y2  8x

 y  mx 
y2  8x 0
 c 
 
Coefficient of x2  coefficient of y2  0

8m
1  0  c  8m  0
c
P(8, 0)
W=8+0=8
5
H: x2  y2  y 8  0
2

  9  0  0  8 
2
H 1

KWH = 64
 30. Let S 1 = 0 and S 2 = 0 be two circles intersecting at P(6, 4) and both are tangent to x-axis
52
and line y = mx (where m > 0). If product of radii of the circles S1 = 0 and S2 = 0 is ,
3
then find the value of m.
Solution:
From the figure,
Let centre  r cot , r 

where tan 2  m
Equation of circle:

 x  r cot    y  r  r2
2 2

passes through (6, 4)

36  r2 cot2  12r cot  16  8r  r2  r2

r2 cot2   4r 3 cot   2  52  0

52  52  cot2   3
r1r2 
cot2  3
1
tan  
 3

m  tan 2  3
 EXERCISE - II

1. Show that the equation of a straight line meeting the circle x2 + y2 = a2 in two points at

 d2  
equal distances ‘d’ from a point (x1, y1) on its circumference is xx1  yy1  a 2     0.
 2 
Solution:
PA = PB = d
Equation of circle with P as centre
and AP = d as radius

 x  x1    y  y 1
2 2
 d2


x2  y2  2xx  2yy  x 2  y 2  d2  0 …… (1)

1 1 1 1

AB is common chord of circle x2  y2  a2 and circle (1)

Equation: 2xx  2yy  a2  d2  x 2  y 2  0
1 1 1 1

here, x 21  y 21  a 2

d2
xx1  yy1  a  2 0
2

2. A rhombus ABCD has sides of length 10. A circle with centre 'A' passes through C (the
opposite vertex) likewise, a circle with centre B passes through D. If the two circles are
tangent to each other, find the area of the rhombus.
Solution:
Let R is the radius of circle centered at A passing through C, R = AC
Let r is the radius of circle centered at B passing through D, BD = r
They both touch each other so
R – r = AB = 10 …… (1)
 AC 2  BD 2
 2    2
  100
   
R2  r2  400

R  r
2
 2Rr  400

2Rr  300  Rr  150

 1 Rr
Area of Rhombus   ACBD   75
2 2

3. Let A, B, C be real numbers such that

(i) (sin A, cos B) lies on a unit circle centred at origin.
(ii) tan C and cot C are defined.

If the minimum value of (tan C – sin A)2 + (cot C – cos B)2 is a  b 2 where a, b  I,
find the value of a3 + b3.
Solution:

Minimum distance of P from circle  OP 1  tan2 C  cot2 C 1

  tan C  sin A 
2
  cot C  cot B    2 1
2

 min

 tan C  sin A    cot C  cot B   3  2 2

2 2

a  3, b  2

a3  b3  27  8  19

4. An isosceles right angled triangle whose sides are 1, 1, 2 lies entirely in the first
quadrant with the ends of the hypotenuse on the coordinate axes. If it slides prove that
32
the locus of its centroid is  3x  y   x  3y  
2 2
.
9
Solution: 
A  2 cos , 0
C0, 2 sin 

B  0  cos45    , 2 sin   sin 45   

Centroid (h, k)

3h  2 cos  cos45   , 3k  2 sin   2 sin   sin 45  


1 1 1 1
3h  2 cos  cos  sin  , 3k  2 2 sin   cos  sin 
 2 2 2 2

3 2h  3cos   sin  …… (1)

3 2k  3sin   cos …… (2)

9 2h  3 2k
Solving (1) & (2)  cos  
8

9 2k  3 2h
sin  
8
cos2  sin2   1

18  3x  y  18  y  3x 2
2
 1
64 64
32
 3x  y 2   y  3x 2 
9

5. Real number x, y satisfies x2 + y2 = 1. If the maximum and minimum value of the

4 y
expression z  are M and m respectively, then find the value (2M + 6m).
7 x
Solution:
4 y
 Slope of AP, where P(x, y)
7 x
Equation of tangent of x2  y2  1

y  mx  1 m2

4  7m  1 m2

16  49m2  56m  1 m2
48m2  56m 15  0
56 16 3 or 5
m 
96 4 12
5 3
m ,M
12 4
3 5
2M  6m   4
2 2
6. The radical axis of the circles x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 & 2x2 + 2y2 + 3x + 8y + 2c =0
touches the circle x² + y² + 2x  2y + 1 = 0. Show that either g = 3/4 or f = 2.
Solution:
R.A of first two circles

4g  3 x  4 f  2 y  0
It touches x2  y2  2x  2y 1  0

4g  3  4f  8
1
 4g  3 2   4  f  2  
2

 4f  4g  5 
2
 16g 2  16f 2  24g  64f  73

16f 2  16g2  25  32gf  40g  40f  16g2  16f 2  24g  64f  73

32gf  64g  24f  48  0

4gf  8g  3f  6  0

4g f  2  3f  2  0

f  2 4g  3  0
3
f  2 or g 
4

7. Find the equation of the circle through the points of intersection of circles
x2  y2  4x  6y 12  0 and x2 + y2 + 6x + 4y  12 = 0 & cutting the circle

x2  y2  2x  4  0 orthogonally.

Solution:
Let equation of circle is S1   S1  S2   0

x2  y2  4x  6y 12    x  y  0

x2  y2  x   4  y    6 12  0

Orthogonal to x2  y2  2x  4  0
4  6
2 1  2 0  4 12
   
2 2
   
4    16    20
Equation: x2  y2 16x 14y 12  0
 8. The centre of the circle S = 0 lie on the line 2x  2y + 9 = 0 & S = 0 cuts orthogonally
the circle x2 + y2 = 4. Show that circle S = 0 passes through two fixed points & find their
coordinates.
Solution:
Let equation of S = 0 is x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0

g, f  lies on 2x  2y  9  0

2f  2g  9  0 …… (1)

Orthogonal to x2  y2  4 so,

2g 0  2f 0  c  4

c = 4 …… (2)
x2  y2  2gx  2fy  4  0

x2  y2  2gx  2g  9 y  4  0

x 2
 y2  9y  4  2g  x  y  0

S1  L  0

Passes through point of intersection of

S1  0 and L = 0

x2  x2  9x  4  0
2x2  9x  4  0  2x 1 x  4  0
 1 1 
, and y, 4 .
 2 2 
 

9.
(a) Find the equation of a circle passing through the origin if the line pair,
xy – 3x  2y – 6  0 is orthogonal to it. If this circle is orthogonal to the circle

x2  y2  kx  2ky  8  0 then find the value of k.

(b) Find the equation of the circle which cuts the circle x2 + y2 – 14x – 8y + 64 = 0 and
the coordinate axes orthogonally.
Solution:
(a) xy – 3x  2y – 6  0

 y  3 x  2  0
 Normals are y = 3 and x = 2
Center (2, 3), passes through (0, 0)
r  13

Equation  x  2    y  3   13
2 2

x2  y2  4x  6y  0

Orthogonal to x2  y2  kx  2ky  8  0
 k 
2  2  2  3  k   8
 2 
 
k= 1
(b) x = 0 and y = 0 are orthogonal to circle so, center is (0, 0).
Let equation x2  y2  a 2

Orthogonal to x2  y2 14x  8y  64  0

2  7  0   2  0  4   a2  64

a2  64
Equation: x2  y2  64

10. Show that the locus of the centres of a circle which cuts two given circles orthogonally
is a straight line & hence deduce the locus of the centers of the circles which cut the
circles x2 + y2 + 4x  6y + 9=0 & x2 + y2  5x + 4y + 2 = 0 orthogonally. Interpret the
locus.
Solution:
Let the equation of circle which cuts

x2  y2  4x  6y  9  0 and

x2  y2  5x  4y  2  0 orthogonally is

x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0

Condition for orthogonality

2g 2  2f 3  c  9

4g  6f  c  9 …… (1)
 5 
2g  2f  2  c  2
 2 
 
 5g  4f  c  2 …… (2)

1   2  9g 10f  7
Locus of g, f  is

9x 10y  7

which is radical axis S1 S 2  0 .

11. Find the equation of a circle which touches the line x + y = 5 at the point (2, 7) and cuts
the circle x2 + y2 + 4x  6y + 9 = 0 orthogonally.
Solution:
Equation of circle touching x + y = 5 at  

 x  2   y  7     x  y  5  0
2 2

x2  y2  x   4  y   14  53  5  0

It cuts x2  y2  4x  6y  9  0 orthogonally
  4   14 
So, 2 22 3  53  5  9
   
2 2
   
2  8  3  42  62  5
4  12    3
Equation: x2  y2  7x 11y  38  0

12. Find the equation of the circle passing through the point (–6, 0) if the power of the point
(1, 1) w.r.t. the circle is 5 and it cuts the circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 3 = 0 orthogonally.
Solution:
Let equation of circle is
x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0

11 2g  2f  c  5
2g  2f  c  3 …… (1)

36  0 12g  0  c  0
12g  c  36 …… (2)

2g2  2f 3  c  3

4g  6f  c  3 …… (3)
 Solve (1), (2) & (3) 
 3
g = 3, f , c=0
2
Equation: x2  y2  6x  3y  0

13. Consider a family of circles passing through two fixed points A (3, 7) & B(6, 5). Then
the chords in which the circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 3 = 0 cuts the members of the
family are concurrent at a point. Find the coordinates of this point.
Solution:
Equation of family of circle

 x  3  x  6   y  7  y  5    2x  3y  27  0
x2  y2  x 2  9  y3 12  53  27  0

Its chord common to

x2  y2  4x  6y  3  0 is

2  5 x  3  6 y  56  27  0

5x  6y  56   2x  3y  27  0
L1  L2  0
 6y
2x   56
3y    23 

 2, 3 
5x 27
  

14. Find the equation of circle passing through (1, 1) belonging to the system of co-axial
circles that are tangent at (2, 2) to the locus of the point of intersection of mutually
perpendicular tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 4.
Solution:
Equation of director circle of x2  y2  4 is x2  y2  8

Its tangent at (2, 2) is x + y = 4

Equation of circle touching x + y = 4 at (2, 2)

 x  2   y  2     x  y  4   0 passes through (1, 1)

2 2

11  2  0    1

Equation: x2  y2  3x  3y  4  0
 15. The circle C : x2 + y2 + kx + (1 + k)y – (k + 1) = 0 passes through two fixed points for
every real number k. Find
(i) the coordinates of these two points.
(ii) the minimum value of the radius of a circle C.
Solution:
x2  y2  kx  1  k y  k 1  0

x 2
 y2  y 1  k  x  y 1  0

S  L  0
(i) Solve x  y  1 and x2  y2  y 1  0

x 2  1 x  1  x 1  0
2

1
2x2  3x 1  0  x  , x=1
2
1 1
Points , and (1, 0)
 2 2 
 
(ii) Circle will be of minimum radius when
x  y 1  0 is diameter
k  k 1 
2  2 1
 
3 3
k  k
2 2
9 1 3 1
Radius   1 
 16 16 2 2 2


16. Find the equation of a circle which is co-axial with circles 2x2 + 2y2  2x + 6y  3 = 0 &
x2 + y2 + 4x + 2y + 1 = 0. It is given that the centre of the circle to be determined lies on
the radical axis of these two circles.
Solution:
3
x2  y2  x  3y   0 and x2  y2  4x  2y  1  0
2
Radical axis-
5
5x  y  0
2
 10x  2y  5  0
Equation of required circle

x2  y2  4x  2y 1  10x  2y  5  0

Center 5  2,  1 lies on 10x  2y  5  0

10 5  2  2  1  5  0

1
52  13   
4
Equation: 4x2  4y2  6x  10y 1  0

17. The circles, which cut the family of circles passing through the fixed points A  (2, 1)
and B  (4, 3) orthogonally, pass through two fixed points (x1 , y1) and (x2 , y2), which

may be real or imaginary. Find the value of  x3 1 x3 2 y3 1 y3 2 .

Solution:
Equation of family of circle

 x  2  x  4   y 1 y  3    x  y 1  0
Let x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0 intersect the above family of circles orthogonally

g, f  lies on x  y 1  0

g  f 1  0 …… (1)

Also, 2  g 3  2 f  2   c 11

6g  4f  c 11

c  6g  4 1 g 11

c  10g 15

Circle: x2  y2  2gx  2 g 1 y 10g 15  0

x 2
 y2  2y 15  2g  x  y  5  0

S  L  0
Solve S and L

x 2   5  x   2  5  x  15  0
2

2x2 12x  20  0
 x1
x2  6x 10  0 
x
2
y1  5  x1 , y2  5  x2

x13  x 23  y13  y 23

 x1  x 2   3x 1x 2  x 1  x 2    y 1  y 2   3y 1y 2  y 1  y 2
3 3

216  3 10  6   10  6   3  25  5  x 1  x 2   x 1x 2  4  

3

216 180  64  354

 40

18. Find the equation of a circle which touches the lines 7x2 – 18xy + 7y2 = 0 and the circle
x2 + y2 – 8x – 8y = 0 and is contained in the given circle.
Solution:
Angle bisector of given line pair
9x2  9y2  0

x + y = 0, x – y = 0
Given circle in first quad. So, required circle is always in first quad.

Let center , 

Equation:  x      y     r 2
2 2

Equation of tangent: mx – y = 0
m  
r
1 m2

r 2
 2  m2  22 m  r2  2  0

Given, 7m2 18m  7  0

Compare: r    2  r  
2 2 2 2 2

7 18 7
3
 r (first quad)
2

Now, both circle touches r1  r   C1C2

 4   
2 2
 4  3r   4  3r 
2

2 r  
 2  2 

r  2 2,  6

Equation:  x  6    y  6   8
2 2

19. Find the equation of the circle which passes through the origin, meets the x-axis
orthogonally & cuts the circle x2 + y2 = a2 at an angle of 45º.
Solution:
Let equation of circle
x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0

000 0c  0
Centre lies on x-axis  f  0
x2  y2  2gx  0

x2  y2  a 2
d2  r 21  r 22
cos 45 
2r1r2
a
g  
2
 a
Equation of circle x2  y2  2 x0
2

20. Consider two circles C1 of radius ‘a’ and C2 of radius ‘b’ (b > a) both lying in the first
quadrant and touching the coordinate axes. In each of the conditions listed in column-I,
the ratio of b/a is given in column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(A) C1 and C2 touch each other (P) 2  2
(B) C1 and C2 are orthogonal (Q) 3

(C) C1 and C2 intersect so that the common chord is longest (R) 2  3

(D) C2 passes through the centre of C1 (S) 3  2 2

(T) 3  2 2
Solution:
Equation of C1 : x 2  y2  2ax  2ay  a2  0

C2 : x2  y2  2bx  2by  b2  0

(A) C1C2  r1  r2

a  b   a  b 
2 2
 a 2  b 2  2ab

a2  b2  4ab  2ab
a2  b2  6ab  0
 b   6  b  1  0
2

 a   a 
   
b 6  36  4
  3 2 2 (as b > a)
a 2
(B) 2  a  b  2  a  b  a 2  b2

a2  b2  4ab  0
 b 2 b
   4  1  0
 a  a

b 4  16  4  2  (as b > a)
 3
a 2
(C) Center of smaller circle will lie on common chord
Equation of common chord
2 a  b x  2 a  b y  b2  a 2  0

2x  2y  a  b  0
(a, a) lies on it
2a  2a  a  b  0
b
3
a
(D) C2 passes through (a, a)

a2  a2  2ab  2ab  b2  0
 b   4 b   2  0
2

 a   a 
   
b 4  16  8 
  2 2
a 2
 EXERCISE - III
1.
(a) If two distinct chords, drawn from the point (p, q) on the circle x2 + y2 = px + qy (where
pq  q) are bisected by the x-axis, then
(A) p2 = q2 (B) p2 = 8q2 (C) p2 < 8q2 (D) p2 > 8q2
(b) Let L, be a straight line through the origin and L2 be the straight line x + y = 1. If the
intercepts made by the circle x2 + y2 – x + 3y = 0, on L1 & L2 are equal, then which of

the following equations can represent L1?

(A) x + y = 0 (B) x – y = 0 (C) x + 7y = 0 (D) x – 7y = 0
(c) Let T1, T2 be two tangents drawn from (–2, 0) onto the circle C: x2 + y2 = 1. Determine

the circles touching C and having T1, T2 as their pair of tangents. Further, find the
equations of all possible common tangents to these circles, when taken two at a time.
[JEE '99, 2+3+10]
Solution:

(a) Let the point on x-axis is  ,0 

Equation of chord whose mid-point is ,0 is T  S1

p q
x  0  x     y   2  0  p  0
2 2
This chord passes through (p, q)
p 2 p q2 2

p       p
2 2 2
22  3p  p2  q2  0

For two distinct chords D > 0

 
9p2  8 p2  q2  0

p2  8q2

(b) Perpendicular distance from centre to L1 and L2 must be equal.

1 3 1
 1 3 
Distance of  ,  from L 2  2 2 
2 2 2
  2
Let equation of L1 is mx – y = 0

1
 m 3

2 2 
Now,  2
1 m2

m2  6m  9  81 m2 
7m2  6m 1  0

m 17m 1  0
1
m = 1, m
7
x – y = 0 or x + 7y = 0
(c) Equation of TT is SS  T2
1 2 1

 x 2  y2 1  4  0 1   2x 1 2

3x2  3y2  3  4x2  4x 1

x2  3y2  4x  4  0

4  16  43y2  4
x  2  3y
2

Lines are: T1 : x  3y  2  0

T2 : x  3y  2  0

Let center of C1 is (, 0) and radius is r1

r1 1    r1 1  
 0 2  r
1
2
  2  2 1
4
  2  2  2   
3
1
r 
1
3
2
 4 1
Equation of C1 is x  3   y2  9
 
Let center of C2 is ,0 and radius r2

r1,1, r2 are in G.P.

2
 1
r2  3
r1
  1 r2    4

Equation of C2 is  x  4   y2  9
2

Point P is (1, 0) and  is (1, 0)

Equation of common tangents of C & C1
x  1, T1  0, T2  0

Equation of common tangents of C & C2

x = 1, T1  0, T2  0
Equation of direct common tangent of C1 and C2 is
T1  0, T2  0

Let R is the point of intersection of indirect common tangents

 36   4 
R  4  3 ,0  ,0 
 
10 5 
   
 
Let equation of tangent is
4
mx  y  m  0
5
4m
4m 
5
3
1 m2
24m
 3 1 m2
5

576m2  225  225m2

25
m2 
39
Equation of common tangents:
y   5  x  4 

 5 


39  

3


2.
(a) The triangle PQR is inscribed in the circle, x2 + y2 = 25. If Q and R have co-ordinates
(3, 4) & ( 4, 3) respectively, then QPR is equal to
(A) /2 (B) /3 (C) /4 (D) /6
(b) If the circles, x2 + y2 + 2 x + 2 k y + 6 = 0 & x2 + y2 + 2ky + k = 0 intersect
orthogonally, then ‘k’ is:
(A) 2 or 3/2 (B) 2 or 3/2 (C) 2 or 3/2 (D) 2 or 3/2
[JEE '2000 (Screening),
1+1]
Solution:
(c) O(0, 0), Q(3, 4), R(4, 3)
1
QPR  QOR
2
4
Slope of OQ  m1 
3
3
Slope of OP  m2 
4
 
m m  1 , QOR  , QPR    

1 2
2 4
(d) Condition for orthogonal circles
2g1g2  2f1f2  C1  C2

210  2  k  k   6  k
3
2k2  k  6  0  k  ,2
2

3.
(a) Extremities of a diagonal of a rectangle are (0, 0) & (4, 3). Find the equation of the
tangents to the circumcircle of a rectangle which are parallel to this diagonal.
(b) Find the point on the straight line, y = 2 x + 11 which is nearest to the circle,
16(x2 + y2) + 32x  8y  50 = 0.
(c) A circle of radius 2 units rolls on the outer side of the circle, x2 + y2 + 4 x = 0, touching
it externally. Find the locus of the centre of this outer circle. Also find the equations of
the common tangents of the two circles when the line joining the centres of the two

4
 circles is inclined at an angle of 60º with x-axis. [REE '2000 (Mains) 3
+ 3 + 5]
Solution:
(a) Centre O  2, 2  , Radius  2  2
3 AB 5

 

3
mAB 
4
Let equation of tangent is 3x  4y  
Perpendicular distance from  2,  to the line
3 5
2 2
 
6  6   5

5 2
25 25
  
2 2
Equation of tangents are 6x 8y  25  0 or
6x 8y  25  0
y 25
(b) Circle: x  y  2x   0
2 2

2 8
Centre C  1,  , r 
1
1 25  67

 4  1

 4
  16 8
Line 2x  y 11  0
1
2  11
Distance of C from line  4 r
5
Line neither intersect nor touches circle
So, nearest point on the line to the circle will be the foot of perpendicular on it from
centre i.e.
1  1 
y 2  11 
x 1 4  4 
2  1   
 

5  

 
 
1
y
x 1  4  7

2 1 4
9
x , y=2
2

5
 9
Point is  ,2 
2
 
(c) If line joining the centers of the two circles is inclined at an angle of 60 with x-axis
then coordinates of C2 can be 2  4cos 60, 0  4sin 60


  
C2 : 0, 2 3 or 4, 2 3 
Equation of direct common tangents is same in both the cases

Slope of direct common tangents is tan 60 3

Let equation: 3x  y  

2 3 0  
Now,  2    2 3  4    4  2 3
2
Equation of direct common tangents  3x  y  2 3  4

  equation of circle x   y  2 3 
2
If C2  0, 2 3 2
4

S2 : x2  y2  4 3y  8  0

S1 : x2  y2  4x  0

Equation of transverse common tangent

S1 S2  0

4x  4 3y  8  0

x  3y  2  0

 
If C2  4, 2 3 , equation of circle


S21   x  y   y  2 3 
2
4
2

S21 : x2  y2  8x  4 3y  24  0

S1 : x2  y2  4x  0

Equation of transverse common tangent: S1 S2  0

6
 4x  4 3y  24  0

x  3y  6  0

4.
(a) Let PQ and RS be tangents at the extremities of the diameter PR of a circle of radius r.
If PS and RQ intersect at a point X on the circumference of the circle then 2r equals

 PQ    RS
2 2
PQ  RS 2PQRS
(A) PQRS (B) (C) (D)
2 PQ  RS 2
[JEE '2001 (Screening) out of 35]
(b) Let 2x2 + y2 – 3xy = 0 be the equation of a pair of tangents drawn from the origin 'O' to
a circle of radius 3 with centre in the first quadrant. If A is one of the points of contact,
find the length of OA. [JEE '2001 (Mains) 5 out of 100]


Ans. (a) A ; (b) OA  3(3  10)
Solution:
(a) Let SPR  
 PRS and  PRQ are similar
RS PR

PR PQ

 PR   PQ RS
2

4r2  PQRS

2r  PQRS

(b) 2x2  y2  3xy  0

If angle between lines 2 then
2
2 2
tan 2 4
3
1
tan 2
3
2 tan  1

 
 6 tan   1 tan2 
1 tan2  3
tan2  6 tan1  0

7
 6  36  4 
tan     3  10
2

tan   10  3
3
OA
 tan   OA 
3
10  3
3  10  3

5.
(a) Find the equation of the circle which passes through the points of intersection of circles
x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y + 6 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2x – 6y + 6 = 0 and intersects the circle
x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y + 4 = 0 orthogonally. [REE '2001 (Mains) 3 out of 100]
(b) Tangents TP and TQ are drawn from a point T to the circle x2 + y2 = a2. If the point T
lies on the line px + qy = r, find the locus of centre of the circumcircle of triangle TPQ.
[REE '2001 (Mains) 5 out of 100]
Ans. (a) x2  y2 14x  6y  6  0;
(b) 2px  2qy  r
Solution:
(a) Let equation of circle is S1  S2  0

x2 1   y2 1   2x   1  6y1   61   0

  1 
x2  y2  2x  6y  6  0

  

It intersects x12  y2  4x  6y  4  0 orthogonally
  1 
So, 2  2  233  6  4

  
  1
1 
2 9  5

  
 4
1
 1  7  7   
3
Circle: x2  y2  2x  7   6y  6  0

x2  y2 14x  6y  6  0
(b) T lies on px  qy  r
O, P, T, Q are concyclic
Circumcenter of TPQ is mid-point of OT.

8
 Let centre is (h, k)
T(2h, 2k) lies on px  qy  r
2ph  2qk  r
6.
(a) If the tangent at the point P on the circle x2 + y2 + 6x + 6y = 2 meets the straight line
5x – 2y + 6 = 0 at a point Q on the y-axis, then the length of PQ is
(A) 4 (B) 2 5 (C) 5 (D) 3 5
(b) If a > 2b > 0 then the positive value of m for which y = mx – b is a common tangent to
x2 + y2 = b2 and (x – a)2 + y2 = b2 is [JEE '2002 (Scr)3 + 3 out of
270]

(A)
2b a2  4b2 2b b
(B) (C) (D)
a2  4b2 2b a  2b a  2b
Ans. (a) C ; (b) A
Solution:
(a) x2  y2  6x  6y  2  0
Q(0, 3)
Length of tangent  51
 0  9  0 18  2  5

(b) y  mx  b 1 m2 is tangent to

x  a  y2  b2 if
2

ma  b 1 m2
b
1 m2

ma  b 1 m2  b 1 m2

ma  2b 1 m2 or ma = 0 (not possible)
m2a2  4b 2  4b2m2
4b2
m 2 
a2  4b2

7. The radius of the circle, having centre at (2, 1), whose one of the chord is a diameter
of the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y + 6 = 0 [JEE '2004 (Scr)]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 3
Ans. (C)

9
Solution:
AB = diameter  2 1 9  6  4
OM2  AM2  OA2
1 4  4  OA2
OA = 3

8. Line 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 is a tangent to a circle at (1, 1). This circle is orthogonal to a

circle which is drawn having diameter as a line segment with end points (0, –1) and (–
2, 3). Find equation of circle. [JEE '2004, 4 out of 60]

Ans. 2x2  2y2 10x  5y 1  0

Solution:
Equation of circle touching 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 at (1, 1) is

 x 1   y 1    2x  3y 1  0

2 2

x2  y2  2x   1  y 3  2    2  0 …… (1)

is orthogonal to x  x  2   y 1y  3  0

x2  y2  2x  2y  3  0

Condition for orthogonal circles

 3 2 
2   11  2 1    2  3
2 
 
2  2  3  2   1
3
2  3   
2
Put  in equation (1)
2x2  2y2 10x  5y 1  0

9. A circle is given by x2 + (y – 1)2 = 1, another circle C touches it externally and also

the x-axis, then the locus of its centre is [JEE '2005 (Scr)]
(A) {(x, y) : x2 = 4y}  {(x, y) : y  0} (B) {(x, y) : x2 + (y – 1)2 = 4}  {x, y) : y  0}
(C) {(x, y) : x2 = y}  {(0, y) : y  0} (D) {(x, y) : x2 = 4y}  {(0, y) : y  0}
Ans. (D)
Solution:

10
 Let B (h, k)
AB = 1 + r

h 2   k 1  1 k
2

h2  k2  2k 1  1 k 2  2 k

h2  2k  2 k

If k  0  h2  4k
x2  4y

If k  0  h  0
x=0

{(x, y) : x2  4y , when y  0}0, y  , y  0


10.
(a) Let ABCD be a quadrilateral with area 18, with side AB parallel to the side CD and
AB  2CD . Let AD be perpendicular to AB and CD. If a circle is drawn inside the
quadrilateral ABCD touching all the sides, then its radius is
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 3/2 (D) 1
(b) Tangents are drawn from the point (17, 7) to the circle x2 + y2 = 169.
Statement-1: The tangents are mutually perpendicular.
because
Statement-2: The locus of the points from which mutually perpendicular tangents can be
drawn to the given circle is x2 + y2 = 338.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is correct explanation for
statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation
for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true. [JEE 2007, 3+3]
Ans. (a) B; (b) A
Solution:
1
(a) 18  32r 
2

11
 r  6 …… (1)
Line BC:
2r
y  x  2  is tangent to circle  x  r 2   y  r 2  r 2


2r  r  r  4r
r
4r2  2

 2r  3   4r 2   2
2

12r  92  2
2 3r …… (2)
Solve (1) and (2)  r  2
(b) x2  y2  169

Equation of director circle: x2  y2  2169

(17, 7) lies on it so angle between tangents is 90 .

11.
(a) Consider the two curves C1: y2 = 4x ; C2 : x2 + y2 – 6x + 1 = 0. Then,
(A) C1 and C2 touch each other only at one point
(B) C1 and C2 touch each other exactly at two points
(C) C1 and C2 intersect (but do not touch) at exactly two points
(D) C1 and C2 neither intersect nor touch each other
Ans. (B)
Solution:
x2  4x  6x 1  0
 x 1  0  x 1
2

(1, 2), (1, 2)

The curves touch each other at two points.

(b) Consider, L1: 2x + 3y + p – 3 = 0 ; L2 : 2x + 3y + p + 3 = 0, where p is a real number,

and C : x2 + y2 + 6x – 10y + 30 = 0.
Statement-1: If line L1 is a chord of circle C, then line L2 is not always a diameter of
circle C.
and

12
 Statement-2: If line L1 is a diameter of circle C, then line L2 is not a chord of circle C.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is a correct explanation for
statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation
for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
Ans. (C)
Solution:
x2  y2  6x 10y  30  0

Centre (3, 5), r  9  25  30  2

If L1 is diameter then 6 – 15 + p – 3 = 0
p = 12
L1 is 2x  3y  9  0

L2 is 2x  3y 15  0

6 15 15
Distance of L2 from centre  2
13
L2 is chord, statement 2 is false.

(c) Comprehension (3 questions together):

A circle C of radius 1 is inscribed in an equilateral triangle PQR. The points of contact
of C with the sides PQ, QR, RP are D, E, F respectively. The line PQ is given by the
3 3 3
equation 3x  y  6  0 and the point D is , . Further, it is given that the
 2 2 
 
origin and the centre of C are on the same side of the line PQ.
(i) The equation of circle C is
2
2
 1
 
(A) x  2 3   y 1  1  x  2 3
2
  y   1
2
(B)
 2 

 
(C) x  3   y 1  1  
(D) x  3   y 1  1
2 2 2 2

(ii) Points E and F are given by

 3 3   3 1 
(A) 
2
, ,
2
3,0   (B) 
2
, ,
2 
 3,0
  

13
  3 3   3 1   3 3   3 1 
(C)  , ,  ,  (D)  ,  ,  2 , 2 
 2 2   2 2   2 2   
(iii) Equations of the sides RP, RQ are
2 2 1
(A) y  x 1, y   x 1 (B) y  x, y  0
3 3 3
3 3
(C) y  x 1, y   x 1 (D) y  3x, y  0
2 2
[JEE 2008, 3+3 + 4 + 4 + 4]
Ans. (i) D, (ii)A, (iii) D
Solution:
(i) Let centre of C be A(h, k) then
3h  k  6
1
2
3h  k  8
(Not possible as O and centre are on the same side of PQ)
So, 3h  k  4  …… (1)

Equation of AD: x  3y  0
h  3k  0 …… (2)

Solve (1) and (2)  h  3 , k = 1

Centre  3,1
Equation  x  3    y 1  1
2 2

1
(ii) Slope of AD  , it makes 30 with positive x-axis
3
AE and AF will make angles 150 and
270 with positive x-axis
 3 3
E  3  cos150,1 sin150   , 
 2 2 
 

F 3  cos 270,1sin 270    3, 0 

(iii) PR is perpendicular to AF and passing through F.
RQ is perpendicular to AE and passing through E.

14
 12. Tangents drawn from the point P(l, 8) to the circle x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y – 11 = 0 touch
the circle at the points A and B. The equation of the circumcircle of the triangle PAB
is [IIT 2009]
(A) x2 + y2 + 4x – 6x + 19 = 0 (B) x2 + y2 – 10y + 19 = 0
© x2 + y2 – 2x + 6y – 29 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y + 19 = 0
Ans. (B)
Solution:
O, A, P, B are concyclic.
So, circumcircle of  PAB is the circle whose
diametric end points are O(3, 2) and P(1, 8)
Equation (x – 3) (x – 1) + (y – 2) (y – 8) = 0
13. The centres of two circles C1 and C2 each of unit radius are at a distance of 6 units
from each other. Let P be the mid-point of the line segment joining the centres of C1
and C2 and C be a circle touching circles C1 and C2 externally. If a common tangent to
C1 and C passing through P is also a common tangent to C2 and C, then the radius of
the circle C is
[JEE 2009, 3 + 4]
Ans. (8)
Solution:

 QC1    PQ   PC1

2 2 2

1  PQ   9
2

 PQ 8
2

 PQ  r 2  CP2   r 1   PC 2 

2 2 2

8  r2  r2  2r 1 9
2r 16  r  8

14. The circle passing through the point (–1, 0) and touching the y-axis at (0, 2) also
passes through the point [IIT 2011]
(A)   ,0   5 
(C)   , 
3 3 5
(B)  ,2  (D) (– 4, 0)

 2  

 2 


 2 2 

     
Ans. (D)
Solution:
Equation of circle touching x = 0 at (0, 2)

15
 x 2   y  2   x  0
2

passes through  

1 4  1  0    5

Equation: x2  y2  5x  4y  4  0
It passes through  .

15. The straight line 2x – 3y = 1 divides the circular region x2 + y2  6 into two parts. If
 3   5 3   1 1   1 1 
 S   2,  ,  ,  ,  ,   ,  ,  then the number of point(s) in S lying inside
4 4 4 4 4 8 4
    

       
the smaller part is [IIT 2011]

Ans. (2)
Solution:
For a point to P  to lie in shaded region
2  2  6  0 and 2  3 1  0
(Origin and P lie on opposite side)
1 1
Only  2,  and  ,  satisfy.
3
4 4 4
   
2 points.

16. The locus of the mid-point of the chord of contact of tangents drawn from points lying
on the straight line 4x – 5y = 20 to the circle x2 + y2 = 9 is [IIT 2012]
(A) 20(x2 + y2) – 36x + 45y = 0 (B) 20(x2 + y2) + 36x – 45y = 0
(C) 36(x2 + y2) – 20x + 45y = 0 (D) 36(x2 + y2) + 20x – 45y = 0
Ans. (A)
Solution:
Let mid-point of chord of contact is (h, k), its equation is T  S1

hx  ky  h2  k2 …… (1)
Let point P  ,
4 20 
5 , so equation COC is
 
 4 20  …… (2)
x   y  9
5
 

16


Comparing (1) and (2)

h 5k h2  k2
 
 4  20 9

4h  20h  5k

20h put this value in h h2  k2
 
4h  5k  9

 20h  h 2  k2   9h
 
 4h  5k 

 
20x x2  y2  9x  4x  5y

Paragraph for Question No. 17 to 18

A tangent PT is drawn to the circle x2 + y2 = 4 at the point P  3,1 . A straight line L,

perpendicular to PT is a tangent to the circle (x – 3)2 + y2 = 1. [IIT 2012]
17. A common tangent of the two circles is
(A) x = 4 (B) y = 2 (C) x  3y  1 (D) x  2 2y  6
18. A possible equation of L is
(A) x  3y  1 (B) x  3y  1 (C) x  3y  1 (D) x  3y  5
Ans. 17 (D) ; 18 (A)


Solution:

Equation of tangent at P 

3x  y  4 

1
Slope of L  
3
 
Let equation of L: x  3y  

It is tangent to  x  3  y2  1 so
2

3   1    1 or 5
2
 
Equation of L: x  3y 1  0 or x  3y  5  0
 2 3 1 0 
 P 
2 1 , 0  

 


17
 P(6, 0)

Let equation y  m  x  6


6m
 2  9m2  1 m2
2
1 m
1
m 
2 2

Equation: x  2 2y  6

19. The circle passing through (1, – 2) and touching the axis of x at (3, 0) also passes
through the point: [IIT JEE Main 2013]
(A) (–2, 5) (B) (–5, 2) (C) (2, –5) (D) (5, –2)
Ans. (D)
Solution:
Equation of circle touching y = 0 at (3, 0)

 x  3  y2  y  0 it passes through (1, 2) so

2

4  4  2  0    4
Equation: x2  y2  6x  4y  9  0

(5, 2) passes through the circle.

20. Circle(s) touching x-axis at a distance 3 from the origin and having an intercept of
length 2 7 on y-axis is (are) [IIT JEE Adv. 2013]
(A) x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y + 9 = 0 (B) x2 + y2 – 6x + 7y + 9 = 0
(C) x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 9 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 – 6x – 7y + 9 = 0
Ans. (A,C)
Solution:
B(3, r)
r2  9  7  16
B(3, 4)
Equation of circle

 x  3   y  4  16
2 2

x2  y2  6x  8y  9  0

18
 Similarly, 4 circles can be drawn
x2  y2  6x  8y  9  0

21. Let C be the circle with centre at (1, 1) and radius = 1. If T is the circle centred at (0,
y), passing through origin and touching the circle C externally, then the radius of T is
equal to [IIT JEE Main 2014]

1 3 1
(A) (B) (D)
4 2
2
(C)
Ans. (A)
2
Solution:
A(0, y)
AB = 1 + y

1  y 1  1 y 
2 2

y2  2y  2  y2  2y 1
1
y
4

22. A circle S passes through the point (0, 1) and is orthogonal to the circles

 x 1  y2  16 and x2 + y2 = 1. Then,

2
[IIT JEE Adv. 2014]

(A) radius of S is 8 (B) radius of S is 7

(C) centre of S is (–7, 1) (D) centre of S is (–8, 1)
Ans. (B,C)
Solution:
Let equation of circle is
x2  y2  2gx  2fy  C  0 passes through (0, 1)

1 2f  C  0 …… (1)
Cut circles x2  y2  2x 15  0 and x2  y2 1  0 orthogonally so,

2g1  0  C 15 and 0  0  C1

2g  C 15 …… (2) C=1

g = 7, f = 1
Equation: x2  y2 14x  2y 1  0

19
 Centre (7, 1), r  49 11  7

23. The number of common tangents to the circles x2  y2  4x  6y 12  0 and

x2  y2  6x 18y  26  0 is: [IIT JEE Main 2015]

(A) 4 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Ans. (D)
Solution:
C 1 2,3  , C 2 3, 9, r1  5 , r2  8

C1C2  13  r1  r2 three common tangents.

24. Locus of the image of the point (2, 3) in the line (2x – 3y + 4) + k(x – 2y + 3) = 0, k 
R, is a [IIT JEE Main 2015]
(A) circle of radius 3 (B) straight line parallel to x-axis

(C) straight line parallel to y-axis (D) circle of radius 2

Ans. (D)
Solution:
Point of intersection of 2x – 3y + 4 = 0 and x – 2y + 3 = 0 is (1, 2)

Image of (2, 3) in any line passing through (1, 2) will be equidistant from (1, 2).

Locus is a circle with centre (1, 2) and radius  AB  2 .

25. The centres of those circles which touch the circle, x2 – y2 – 8x – 8y – 4 = 0, externally
and also touch the x-axis, lie on: [IIT JEE Main 2016]
(A) a circle (B) an ellipse which is not a circle
(C) a hyperbola (D) a parabola
Ans. (D)
Solution:

20
 Let P(h, k)
Let L is a line parallel to x-axis and at a distance of 6 units from it.
AP = k + 6, distance of P from L is k + 6.
P is moving such that it is always equidistant from line L and point A. So, locus is
parabola.
Alternative method: Let P(h, k)
AP = k + 6

 h  4   k  4  k 6
2 2

h2  k2 8h 8k  32  k2 12k  36

h2 8h  20k  4  0
x2  8x  20y  4  0 which is equation of parabola.

26. If one of the diameters of the circle, given by the equation, x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 12 = 0,

is a chord of a circle S, whose centre is at (–3, 2), then the radius of S is:
[IIT JEE Main 2016]

(A) 5 2 (B) 5 3 (C) 5 (D) 10

Ans. (B)
Solution:
M = (2, 3)
AM  4  9 12  5

r2  AM2  OM2

 25  25 
2
r2  25 

r2  75
r5 3

27. Let P be the point on the parabola, y2 = 8x which is at a minimum distance from the
centre C of the circle, x2 + (y + 6)2 = 1. Then the equation of the circle, passing
through C and having its centre at P is [IIT JEE Main 2016]
(A) x2 + y2 – 4x + 8y + 12 = 0 (B) x2 + y2 – x + 4y – 12 = 0
x
(C) x2 + y2 – + 2y – 24 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 – 4x + 9y + 18 = 0
4

21
 Ans. (A)
Solution:
CP lies along common normal to both
circle and parabola y2 = 8x
Let P  2t 2 , 4t equation of normal

y  xt  4t  2t3 passes through (0, 6)

6  4t  2t3
t3  2t  3  0

 t 1  t2  t  3  0
t  1, P2, 4 

Equation of circle  x  2    y  4   22   4  6 
2 2 2

x2  y2  4x  8y 12  0

28. The circle C1: x2 + y2 = 3, with centre at O, intersects the parabola x2 = 2y at the point
P in the first quadrant. Let the tangent to the circle C1 at P touches other two circles C2

and C3 at R2 and R3, respectively. Suppose C2 and C3 have equal radii 2 3 and
centres Q2 and Q3, respectively. If Q2 and Q3 lie on the y-axis, then
[IIT JEE Adv. 2016]

(A) Q2Q3 = 12 (B) R2R3  4 6

(C) area of the triangle OR2R3 is 6 2 (D) area of the triangle PQ2Q3 is 4 2
Ans. (A,B,C)
Solution:
C1 : x2  y2  3 , 2y  x2

y2  2y  3  0

 y  3  y 1  0
y=1


P  2,1
Equation of tangent at P
2x  y  3

22
 Let Q2 0, 
 0 
 2 3    6
3

Let Q2 0, 6 , Q3 0, 6



R 2 is foot of perpendicular from (0, 6) on 2x  y  3

x  y  6    3 
2 1  3 


R2  2,5 
R 3 is foot of perpendicular from 0, 6  on 2x  y  3

x  y  6    6  3 


1

 3 

2  


R3 3 2, 3 


29. Let RS be the diameter of the circle x2 + y2 = 1, where S is the point (1, 0). Let P be a
variable point (other than R and S) on the circle and tangents to the circle at S and P
meet at the point Q. The normal to the circle at P intersects a line drawn through Q
parallel to RS at point E. Then the locus of E passes through the point(s).
[IIT JEE Adv. 2016]
1 1  1 1 
(D)  ,  
1 1
 , 
(B)  , 
(A) , 1 1 (C)
     
 

3 

 

  

 3   4 2  3 3  4 2 
Ans. (A,C)
Solution:
Equation of QS: x = 1

Let Pcos,sin 

Equation of PQ: xcos ysin  1

 1 cos 

Q 1, sin  
 
1 cos 
Equation of QE : y   tan 
 

sin  2
Equation of PE : y  x tan 

23

1 cos 
 1 cos ,  x, y
E sin tan  sin  
 

 

tan 2
x 2  x  1 y
 2 tan   2
 2 
 
 1 tan 2   

 2 
1 1  1 1 
Points , and  ,  satisfy.
3  3
 3  3 
30. Let     R. Consider the system of linear equations
x + 2y = 
3x – 2y = 
Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct ? [IIT JEE Adv. 2016]
(A) If  = –3, then the system has infinitely many solutions for all values of  and 
(B) If   –3, then the system has a unique solution for all values of  and .
(C) If  +  = 0, then the system has infinitely many solutions for  = –3
(D) If  +   0, then the system has no solution for  = –3
Ans. (B,C,D)
Solution:
a, ,   R
ax + 2y = 
3x – 2 y = 
(A)  = –3
– 3x + 2y = 
3x – 2y = 
if     solution  (C)
If    no solution  (D)

(B)   3
ax + 2y = 
3x – 2y = 
non parallel lines hence unique solution   & 

31. For how many values of p, the circle x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y – p = 0 and the coordinate axes
have exactly three common points? [JEE Adv. 2017]
Ans. (2)
Solution:
(i) Circle touches x-axis and intersect y-axis
g2  C and f2  C
1  p and 4  p

24
 p  1
(ii) Circle touches y-axis and intersects x-axis
f 2  C, g2  C  4  p and 1  p
Not possible.
(iii) Circle passes through origin and intersects both axes
p=0
Number of values of p are 2.

Paragraph "X"
Let S be the circle in the xy-plane defined by the equation x2 + y2 = 4.
(There are two question based on Paragraph "X", the question given below is one of
them) [JEE Adv. 2018]
32. Let E1E2 and F1F2 be the chord of S passing through the point P 0(1, 1) and parallel to
the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively. Let G1G2 be the chord of S passing through P0
and having slop –1. Let the tangents to S at E1 and E2 meet at E3, the tangents of S at F1
and F2 meet at F3, and the tangents to S at G1 and G2 meet at G3. Then, the points E3, F3
and G3 lie on the curve
(A) x + y = 4 (B) (x – 4)2 + (y – 4)2 = 16
(C) (x – 4) (y – 4) = 4 (D) xy = 4
Ans. (A)
Solution:
Equation of E1E2 : y  1

Equation of F1F2 : x  1

Equation of G1G2 : x  y  2

Let E3 1,1  , F3 2,2 , G3 3,3 



Then equation of E1E2 , F1F2 , G1G2 are (COC’s)

1x 1 y  4 , 2 x 2 y  4 , 3 x 3 y  4

Comparing E3 0, 4, F3 4, 0, G3 2, 2

lies on x  y  4

25
 33. Let P be a point on the circle S with both coordinates being positive. Let the tangent to
S at P intersect the coordinate axes at the points M and N. Then, the mid-point of the
line segment MN must lie on the curve –
(A) (x + y)2 = 3xy (B) x2/3 + y2/3 = 24/3
(C) x2 + y2 = 2xy (D) x2 + y2 = x2 y2
Ans. (D)
Solution:

Let P2cos, 2sin 

Equation of tangent: xcos ysin   2

M2sec, 0 , N0, 2cosec



Let mid-point of MN (h, k)

2sec 2 cosec
h , k
2 2
1 1 1 1
2
 2 1 2  2 1
h k x y

34. Let T be the line passing through the points P(–2, 7) and Q(2, –5). Let F1 be the set of
all pairs of circles (S1, S2) such that T is tangents to S1 at P and tangent to S2 at Q, and
also such that S1 and S2 touch each other at a point, say, M. Let E1 be the set
representing the locus of M as the pair (S1, S2) varies in F1. Let the set of all straight
line segments joining a pair of distinct points of E 1 and passing through the point R(1,
1) be F2. Let E2 be the set of the mid-points of the line segments in the set F2. Then,
which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE? [JEE Adv. 2018]
4 7
(A) The point (–2, 7) lies in E1 (B) The point  ,  does NOT lie in E2
 5 5 
1    3
(C) The point ,1  lies in E (D) The point 0, does NOT lie in E

2  
2  2 1
   
Ans. (B,D)
Solution:
PC1 M  QC2 M  



26
  2   2  

  
2

PMQ  
2
 k  5  k  7 
M  h, k     1
 h   

E1 :  x  2  2x  2   hy 
 52 y  7  0 but P, Q does not lie on this curve.

Or when P lies on this curve, the radius of S1 is zero and S2 becomes straight line so
not possible.
Similarly Q can’t lie on E1 .

E1: x2  y2  2y  39  0

Let mid-point of chords is (h, k)

T  S1

hx  ky  k  h2  k2  2k passes through (1, 1)

h  k   k 1  h2  k2  2k

E 2 : x2  y2  x  2y 1  0 …… (1)

Equation of chord passing through (1, 1) and (2, 7)

2x  y  3
Foot of perpendicular from (0, 1) is the mid-point of this chord
x y 1 1 3  4 7 
  A ,
 5   5 5 

2 1 
 4 7
A  ,  satisfying the equation (1) but does not lie on E 2 as P does not lie on E 1 .
 5 5 
So, options B, D are correct.

35. Three circles of radii a, b, c (a < b < c) touch each other externally. If they have x -
axis as a common tangent, then: [Jee main 2019 (09-01-2019-shift-1)]

(A) a,b,c are in A.P (B) a, b, c are In A.P.

1 1 1 1 1 1
(C) = + (D) = +
b a c a b c

27
 Ans. (D)
Solution:
ABD  AB2  AD2  BD2

 a  b   b  a   BD2
2 2

BD  4ab


Similarly, BE  4ac , AF  4bc

2 ab  2 ac  2 bc

1 1 1
 
c b a

36. If the circles x2 + y2 – 16x – 20 y + 164 = r2 and (x – 4)2 + (y – 7)2 = 36 intersect at
two distinct points, then: [Jee main 2019 (09-01-2019-shift-2)]
(A) 0 < r < 1 (B) r = 11 (C) r > 11 (D) 1 < r < 11
Ans. (D)
Solution:
r1  r2  C1C2  r1  r2

Here, r1  64 100 164  r2  r

r2  6 , C1  8,10 , C2  4, 7



r 6 5 r 6

r  6  5  5  r  6  5

1  r  11 r 11, 1 1,11 

and r  6  5  r  1, r R

So, r 11, 1 1,11

37. If a circle C passing through the point (4, 0) touches the circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y = 12
externally at the point (1, –1), then the radius of C is :
[Jee main 2019 (10-01-2019-shift-1)]
(A) 57 (B) 5 (C) 2 5 (D) 4
Ans. (B)
Solution:
Equation of tangent: x – y + 2 (x + 1) – 3 (y – 1) = 12

28
 3x – 4y – 7 = 0
Equation of circle touching line at (1, 1)

 x 1   y 1    3x  4y  7   0
2 2

passing through (4, 0)

9 1   5   0    2

x2  y2  8x 10y 16  0

r  16  25 16  5

38. If the area of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle, x2 + y2 + 10x + 12y + c = 0
is 27 3 sq. units then c is equal to: [Jee main 2019 (10-01-2019-shift-2)]
(A) 13 (B) – 25 (C) 25 (D) 20
Ans. (C)
Solution:
3
Area  a2  27 3
4
a2  27 4
a6 3

2r sin 6 3
3
r=6
25  36 c  36
c = 25
39. Two circles with equal radii are intersecting at the points (0, 1) and (0, –1). The
tangent at the point (0, 1) to one of the circles passes through the centre of the other
circle. Then the distance between the centres of these circles is:
[Jee main 2019 (11-01-2019-shift-1)]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 2 2
Ans. (C)
Solution:
P0,1 , Q  0, 1

PQ = 2, PM = 1

29
  PC1C2 is right angled isosceles.

C1C2  2

Q.40 The straight line x + 2y = 1 meets the coordinate axes at A and B. A circle is drawn
through A,B and the origin. Then the sum of perpendicular distances from A and B on
the tangent to the circle at the origin is [Jee main 2019 (11-01-2019-shift-1)]
5
(A) (B) 4 5 (D) 2 5
4
(C) 2
Ans. (C)
Sol. C
x + 2y = 1
equation of circle y
(x –1)(x – 0) + (y – 0)(y – 1/2) = 0 (0,1/2)
y B
x2 + y2 – x – =0
2 p1
Tangent at (0,0) is
From T = 0
 x  0  1  y  0  A(1,0)
0+0–    2  2  = 0  2x + y = 0 (0,0)
x
 2    p2
x+2y=1
1
0 1 2
p1 + p2 = 2 + 20 = +
5 5 2 5 5

5 5
p1 + p2 =  p1+ p2 =
2 5 2

Q.41 A square is inscribed in the circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y – 103 = 0 with its sides parallel to
the coordinates axes. Then the distance of the vertex of this square which is nearest to
the origin is :
[Jee main 2019 (11-01-2019-shift-1)]
(A) 6 (B) 41 (C) 137 (D) 13
Ans. (B)
Solution:
O3, 4

OA  OC  OB  OC  r  8 2

Vertices are 3  8 2 cos 45, 4  8 2 sin 45 

and 3  8 2 cos135, 4  8 2 sin135 
Vertices are        


30


Nearest distance from origin 25 16  41 .

42. If a variable line, 3x + 4y –  = 0 is such that the two circles x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0

and x2 + y2 – 18x – 2y + 78 = 0 are on its opposite sides, then the set of all values of 
is the interval: [Jee main 2019 (12-01-2019-shift-1)]
(A) (23,31) (B) [12,21] (C) (2,17) (D) [13,23]
Ans. (B)
Solution:
(1, 1) and (9, 1) lies on opposite sides of 3x + 4y –  = 0
(7 – ) (31 – ) < 0
7,31 …… (1)
Line is not secant to the circles
3  4   31
 1 and 2
5 5
7    5 and 31   10

, 212, 

, 2141,  …… (2)

1  2  12, 21

43. Let C1 and C2 be the centres of the circles x2  y2  2x  2y  2  0 and

x2  y2  6x  6y 14  0 respectively. If P and Q are the points of intersection of
these circles, then the area (in sq. units) of the quadrilateral PC1QC2 is:
[Jee main 2019 (12-01-2019-shift-1)]
(A) 8 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 9
Ans. (B)
Solution:
C1 1,1 , C2 3,3

C1C2  2 2

Equation of PQ: S1 S2  0

31


xy4
3 3 4
C2 R   2
 2

PR  4  2  2

PQ  2 2
1
Area  PQC C  4
1 2
2

44 If a circle of radius R passes through the origin O and intersects the coordinate axes at
A and B, then the locus of the foot of perpendicular from O on AB is :
[Jee main 2019 (12-01-2019-shift-2)]
  = 4R2x2y2  
2 3
(A) x 2 + y2 (B) x 2 + y2 = 4R2x2 y2

(C)  x 2 + y2   x + y = R 2 xy (D)  x 2 + y2 
2
= 4Rx2y2
Ans. (B)
Sol.
y -k = h x  h
k
hx + ky = h2 + K2
AB = 2R
h  h 
2 2
2
 k2 2
 k2
  = 4R2
h2
k 2

h 
3
 2
k 2
 4h k2R 2
2

(x + y ) = 4x2 y2 R2
2 2 3

45 The sum of the squares of the lengths of the chords intercepted on the circle,
x2+y2=16, by the lines, x + y = n, n  N , where N is the set of all natural numbers, is
: [Jee main 2019 (08-04-2019-shift-1)]
(A) 105 (B) 160 (C) 210 (D) 320
Ans. (C)

Sol.

n
0  4 0 < n < 4 2 0<n<5.6
2
2
 n 
AB = 2AM = 2 16   
 2 
sum of square of AB =  n2 
4 16 
  2
 

 

32
  n2   5
= 4 16  = 4 16  5 n2 
 2
   2 


   n1 n1 


= 4(80-1/2 (1+4+9+16+25)
= 320 - 110
= 210
46. The tangent and the normal lines at the point  3,1 to the circle x
2
+ y2 = 4 and the x-
axis form a triangle. The area of this triangle (in square units) is:
[Jee main 2019 (08-04-2019-shift-2)]
2 1 1 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3
Ans. (A)
Solution:
Equation of tangent 3x  y  4

Equation of normal y 
1
3
x (line through (0, 0) &  3,1)
P  3,1
1
Area   4 1  2
2 3 3
47. If a tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 1 intersects the coordinate axes at distinct points P
and Q, then the locus of the mid-point of PQ is:[Jee main 2019 (09-04-2019-shift-1)]
(A) x2 + y2 – 2x2y2 = 0 (B) x2 + y2 – 16x2y2 = 0
(C) x2 + y2 – 2xy = 0 (D) x2 + y2 – 4x2 y2 = 0
Ans. (D)
Solution:
Let point on circle is cos,sin 

Equation of tangent: xcos ysin  1

Psec, 0 , Q0, cosec

Mid-point of PQ (h, k)
sec cosec
h , k
2 2
2 2
 1   1 
     1  x2  y2  4x2y2
 2h   2k 

48. The common tangent to the circles x2 + y2 = 4 and x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y – 24 =0 also
passes through the point: [Jee main 2019 (09-04-2019-shift-2)]

33
 (A) (– 4, 6) (B) (– 6, 4) (C) (6, – 2) (D) (4, – 2)
Ans. (C)
Solution:
C1 0, 0 , r1  2 , C 2  3, 4 , r2  7

C1C2  5  r2  r1 (1 common tangent)

Equation of common tangent S1 S2  0

6x  8y  20
3x  4y  10
Passes through  


49. A rectangle is inscribed in a circle with a diameter lying along the line, 3y = x + 7. If
the two adjacent vertices of the rectangle are (–8, 5) and (6, 5), then the area of the
rectangle (in sq. units) is:- [Jee main 2019 (09-04-2019-shift-2)]
(A) 98 (B) 84 (C) 72 (D) 56
Ans. (B)
Solution:
AB = 14, equation of AB: y = 5
Mid-point of AB (1, 5)
x chord of centre is 1
3y  6  y  2
Centre (1, 2), OM = 3, BC = 6
Area 146  84

50. The line x = y touches a circle at the point (1, 1). If the circle also passes through the
point (1, –3), then its radius is: [Jee main 2019 (10-04-2019-shift-1)]

(A) 3 (B) 2 2 (C) 2 (D) 3 2

Ans. (B)
Solution:
Equation of circle touching x – y = 0 at (1, 1)

 x 1   y 1    x  y   0 passing through (1, 3)

2 2

0 16    4   0    4

34
 Equation: x2  y2  6x  2y  2  0

Radius  9 1 2  2 2

51. If the circles x2 + y2 + 5Kx + 2y + K = 0 and 2(x2 + y2) + 2Kx + 3y–1 = 0, (K  R),
intersect at the points P and Q, then the line 4x + 5y – K = 0 passes through P and Q
for: [Jee main 2019 (10-04-2019-shift-1)]
(A) no value of K (B) exactly two values of K
(C) exactly one value of K (D) infinitely many values of K
Ans. (A)
Solution:
Equation of common chord of circles
8kx  y  2k 1  0
4x  5y  k  0
Comparing –
1 2k 1
2k  
5 k
1 5
k and k 10k  5 k  
10 11
Not possible
52. The locus of the centres of the circles, which touch the circle, x2+y2=1 externally, also
touch the y-axis and lie in the first quadrant is, [Jee main 2019 (10-04-2019-shift-2)]
(A) x = 1 + 2y, y  0 (B) y = 1 + 2x, x  0
(C) y = 1 + 4x, x  0 (D) x = 1 + 4y, y  0

Ans. (B)
Sol.

h (h, k)
(0, k)

(0, 0)

35
 c1 = (h, k), r1 = h
c2 = (0, 0) r2 = 1
h2  k2 = (h + 1)
h2  k2  h2  2h  1
y2 = 2x + 1
y  2x  1 , x  0

53. If the angle of intersection at a point where the two circles with radii 5cm and 12 cm
intersect in 900, then the length (in cm) of their common chord is :
[Jee main 2019 (12-04-2019-shift-1)]
13 120 13 60
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 13 2 13
Ans. (B)
Sol.

5 12
h

13

1 1
= .5.12  .h.13
2 2
5.12
h
13
120
 length of common chord =
13

54. A circle touching the x - axis at (3,0) and making an intercept of length 8 on the y -
axis passes through the point : [Jee main 2019 (12-04-2019-shift-2)]
(A) (1,5) (B) (2,3) (C) (3,10) (D) (3,5)
Ans. (C)
Sol.

36
 S1 : (x-3)2+(y-5)2=52 & S2 : (x – 3)2 + (y + 5)2 = 52
Check option
55. A line y = mx + 1 intersects the circle (x – 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25 at the points P and Q. If
3
the midpoint of the line segment PQ has x-coordinate  , then which one of the
5
following options is correct? [JEE Advanced 2019]
(A) 6  m < 8 (B) 2  m < 4 (C) 4  m < 6 (D) – 3  m < – 1
Ans. (B)
Solution:
3
Abscissa of R 
5
3m
Ordinate  1
5
 3 3m 
R  5 ,1 5 
 
3m
1 2   
Slope of CR  5  1  15 3m  1
3 m 18 m
3
5

m2  5m  6  0
m = 2 or 3.
56. Let the point B be the reflection of the point A(2, 3) with respect to the line
8x  6y  23  0 . Let A and B be circles of radii 2 and 1 with centres A and B
respectively. Let T be a common tangent to the circles A and B such that both the

37
 circles are on the same side of T. If C is the point of intersection of T and the line
passing through A and B, then the length of the line segment AC is
[JEE Advanced 2019]
Ans. (10.00)
Solution:
B (x, y)
x 8 2y3  16 18  23 

 6  2 100 
 
x 2 y3 1
   B6, 0
6


8 2
C 1 2,3  , r1  2 , C2  6, 0 , r2  1

C1C2  5  r1  r2

T is the direct common tangent.

C divides line joining AB in the ratio 2 : 1 ext.
 2 62 1
1 2 2 20 1 
1 3 

C ,
 

C10, 3

AC = 10

57. Let the tangents drawn from the origin to the circle, x2 + y2 – 8x – 4y + 16 = 0 touch it
at the points A and B. The (AB)2 is equal to: [Jee main 2020 (07-01-2020-shift-2)]
56 52 64 32
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 5 5 5
Ans. (C)
Solution:
r  16  4 16  2
C (4, 2)
Equation of AB: T = 0
0 + 0 – 4x – 2y + 16 = 0
2x + y – 8 = 0
8 2 8 2
MC  
5 5

38

4 2 4 8
AB  2AM  2 4   
 5 5 5
58. If a line, y = mx + c is a tangent to the circle (x – 3)2 + y2 = 1 and it is perpendicular to
 
a line L , where L is the tangent to the circle, x2 + y2 = 1 at the point 1 , 1 ; then:
1 1  
 2 2 
[Jee main 2020 (08-01-2020-shift-2)]
(A) c – 7c + 6 = 0
2
(B) c + 7c + 6 = 0
2
(C) c2 – 6c + 7 = 0 (D) c2+ 6c + 7 = 0
Ans. (D)
Solution:
Equation of L1 : x  y  2
Slope of L2 :1

Let equation of L2 : x  y  c  0 , tangent to  x  3  y2  1

2

3 
 1    3  2
 2
2  6  7  0

59. A circle touches the y-axis at the point (0, 4) and passes through the point (2, 0).
Which of the following lines is not a tangent to this circle?
[Jee main 2020 (09-01-2020-shift-1)]
(A) 3x – 4y – 24 = 0 (B) 4x – 3y + 17 = 0
(C) 3x + 4y – 6 = 0 (D) 4x +3y – 8 = 0
Ans. (D)
Solution:
Let circle is x2  y2  2gx  2fy  C  0
f2 C …… (1), 0 16  0  8f  C  0
16  8f  f 2  0  f  4 , C  16
2, 0  4  0  4g  0  C  0
g  5
Equation: x2  y2 10x  8y 16  0
Centre (5, 4), radius = 5 (Check options)
60. If the curves, x2 – 6x + y2 + 8 = 0 and x2 – 8 y + y2 + 16 – k = 0, ( k > 0) touch each
other at a point, then the largest value of k is .
[Jee main 2020 (09-01-2020-shift-2)]
Ans. (36)
Solution:

39
 C1C2  r1  r2 or C1C2  r1  r2

C1 3, 0 , r1  1, C2  4, 0  , r2  k

1  1 k  k  0 not possible

1  1 k  k 1  1

k  2k  4

61. The number of integral values of k for which the line, 3x + 4y = k intersects the circle,
x2 + y2 –2x – 4y + 4 = 0 at two distinct points is
[Jee main 2020 (02-09-2020-shift-1)]
Ans. (9)
Solution:
Distance from (1, 2) to the line should be less than radius i.e. 1 4  4  1
38 k
1
5
k 6,16
Number of integral values = 9.

62. The set of all possible values of  in the interval (0, ) for which the points (1,2) and
sin , cos lie on the same side of the line x + y = 1 is:
[Jee main 2020 (02-09-2020-shift-2)]
 
(A)  0,  (B)  0,  (C)  0, 
3
 3
 4   2   4  (D)  , 
4 4 
 
 
 
 

       
Ans. (B)
Solution:
1 2 1sin  cos1  0
sin cos 1
 
sin     1
4
  2
   3 
    , 
4
 4 4 
 
  0, 
2
 

40


63. The diameter of the circle, whose centre lies on the line x + y = 2 in the first quadrant
and which touches both the lines x = 3 and y = 2, is
[Jee main 2020 (03-09-2020-shift-1)]
Ans. (2)
Solution:
Let center  
3  2 2
3
  3     
2

Center  , 
3 1
 2 2 
 
3 3
Radius   3 
2 2
Diameter = 3

64. The circle passing through the intersection of the circles, x2  y2  6x  0 and

x2  y2  4y  0 , having its centre on the line, 2x – 3y + 12 = 0, also passes through

the point: [ Jee main 2020 (04-09-2020-shift-2)]
(A) (–1, 3) (B) (1, –3) (C) (–3, 6) (D) (–3, 1)
Ans. (C)
Solution:
Let equation of circle is S1  S1 S2   0

x2  y2  6x    6x  4y   0

Center 3  3, 2 lies on 2x  3y 12  0

6  6  6 12  0
3

2
Equation: x2  y2  3x  6y  0
Also passes through  .

65. Let PQ be a diameter of the circle x2 + y2 = 9. If  and  are the lengths of the
perpendiculars from P and Q on the straight line, x + y = 2 respectively, then the
maximum value of  is
[Jee main 2020 (04-09-2020-shift-2)]

41
 Ans. (7)
Solution:
3cos  3sin   2

2
3cos  3sin   2

2

 3cos   3sin  4
2

 
2

9  9sin 2  4 5  9sin 2
   
2 2

95
  7
max
2

66. If the length of the chord of the circle, x2  y2  r2 r  0 along the line, y  2x  3 is r,

then r2 is equal to: [Jee main 2020 (05-09-2020-shift-2)]

24 9 12
(A) 12 (B) (C) (D)
5 5 5
Ans. (D)
Solution:
9
AB  2 r 
2
r
5
9 r2
r  
2

5 4
3r2 9

4 5
12
r2 
5

5
67. Let O be the centre of the circle x2 + y2 = r2, where r  . Suppose PQ is a chord of
2
this circle and the equation of the line passing through P and Q is 2x + 4y = 5. If the
centre of the circumcircle of the triangle OPQ lies on the line x + 2y = 4, then the
value of r is [JEE Advanced 2020]
Ans. (2)

42
 Solution:
5 5
OM  
2 5 2
Equation of OM: 2x – y = 0
Solving it with x + 2y = 4

We get center  , 
4 8
 5 5 
 
8 32
 5
CM  5 5  3
2 5 2 5
16 64 80
PC  OC   
 25 25 25
Now, PC2 CM2  OP2 OM2
80 9  r2  5

25 20 4
r2  4
r=2
68. If one of the diameters of the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y + 6 = 0 is a chord of another
circle ‘C’, whose center is at (2, 1), then its radius is .
[Jee main 2021 (24-02-2021-shift-1)]
Ans. (3)
Sol.

2 2
x + y – 2x – 6y + 6 = 0
center (1, 3)
radius = 2
distance between (1, 3)and(2, 1) is 5

 ( 5)2  (2)2  r2

r=3

43
 69. Let a point P be such that its distance from the point (5, 0) is thrice the distance of P
from the point (– 5, 0). If the locus of the point P is a circle of radius r, then 4r 2 is
equal to .
[Jee main 2021 (24-02-2021-shift-2)]
Ans. 56
Sol. Let point is (h, k)

So, (h – 5)2  k2  3 (h  5)2  k2

2 2
8x + 8y + 100 x + 200 = 0
25
x2  y2  x  25  0
2

(25)2
r2  – 25
42

(25)
4r2  2 – 100
4
2
4r = 156.25 – 100
2
4r = 56.25
2
After round of 4r = 56

70. If the area of the triangle formed by the positive x-axis, the normal and the tangent to
the circle (x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 25 at the point (5, 7) is A, then 24A is equal to .
[Jee main 2021 (24-02-2021-shift-2)]
Ans. 1225
Sol. (Bonus)
Equation of normal
4x – 3y + 1 = 0
and equation of tangents
3x + 4y – 43 = 0
1  43 1
Area of triangle    (7)
2  3 4


1  172  3
 7
2  12  
1225
A
24

24A = 1225

44
 * as positive x-axis is given in the question so question should be bonus.

71. In the circle given below, let OA = 1 unit, OB = 13 unit and PQ  OB. Then, the area
of the triangle PQB (in square units) is : [Jee main 2021 (26-02-2021-shift-1)]

(A) 24 2 (B) 24 3 (C) 26 3 (D) 26 2

Ans. (B)
Sol. Let PA = AQ = 
OA · AB = AP · AQ
 1.12 =  ·  P
 2 3 1 
O A 12 x
1 B
Area PQB   2  AB 
2 Q
1
  4 3  12
2
 24 3

72. If the locus of the mid-point of the line segment from the point (3, 2) to a point on the
circle, x2 + y2 = 1 is a circle of radius r, then r is equal to :
[Jee main 2021 (26-02-2021-shift-2)]
1 1 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4
Ans. (B)
cos 3
Sol. h
2
sin 2
k
2
 2 2 1
  h    k  1 
3
 2 4
1
r 
2

45
73. Let A(1, 4) and B(1, –5) be two points. Let P be a point on the circle (x – 1)2 + (y –
1)2 = 1 such that (PA)2 + (PB)2 have maximum value, then the points P, A and B lie
on : [Jee main 2021 (26-02-2021-shift-2)]
(A) a straight line (B) a hyperbola (C) an ellipse (D) a parabola
Ans. (A)
2 2
Sol. P be a point on (x – 1) + (y – 1) = 1
so P(1 + cos, 1 + sin)
A(1,4) B(1,–5)
2 2
(PA) + (PB)
2 2 2 2
= (cos) + (sin – 3) + (cso) + (sin + 6)

= 47 + 6sin

is maximum if sin = 1

 sin = 1, cos = 0
P(1,2) A(1,4) B(1,–5)
P,A,B are collinear points.

74. Let the normals at all the points on a given curve pass through a fixed point (a, b). If
the curve passes through (3, –3) and (4, 2 2) , and given that a  2 2b  3 , then (a2
+ b2 + ab) is equal to .
[Jee main 2021 (26-02-2021-shift-2)]
Ans. (9)
Sol. All normals of circle passes through centre
Radius = CA = CB
2 2
CA = CB
2 2
(a – 3) + (b + 3)

 
2
 (a  4)2  b  2 2


a 32 2 b 3 
a  2 2 b  3b  3 ...(1)

given that a 2 2b  3 ...(2)

from (1) & (2)  a = 3, b = 0

46
 2 2
a + b + ab = 9

75. Let ABCD be a square of side of unit length. Let a circle C1 centered at A with unit
radius is drawn. Another circle C2 which touches C1 and the lines AD and AB are
tangent to it, is also drawn. Let a tangent line from the point C to the circle C2 meet
the side AB at E. If the length of EB is   3 , where   are integers, then    is
equal to . [Jee main 2021 (16-03-2021-shift-1)]
Ans. (1)

Sol. Here AO + OD = 1 or ( 2  1)r  1

 r  2  1
2 2 2
equation of circle (x – r) + (y – r) = r
Equation of CE
y – 1 = m (x – 1)
mx – y + 1 – M = 0
It is tangent to circle

mr  r  1 m
 r
m2  1

(m  1)r  1 m
r
m2  1

(m  1)2(r  1)2
 r2
m2  1

Put r  2  1

On solving m  2  3,2  3


Taking greater slope of CE as

2  3


y  1  (2  3)(x  1)

Put y = 0

1  (2  3)(x  1)

1  2  3 
  x 1
2 3  2  3 


x 1 3 1

47
 EB  1 x  1 ( 3  1)

EB  2  3



76. Let the lengths of intercepts on x-axis and y-axis made by the circle x2 + y2 + ax + 2ay
+ c = 0, (a < 0) be 2 2 and 2 5 , respectively. Then the shortest distance from origin
to a tangent to this circle which is perpendicular to the line x + 2y = 0, is equal to :
[Jee main 2021 (16-03-2021-shift-2)]
(A) 11 (B) 7 (C) 6 (D) 10
Ans. (D)
2 2
Sol. x + y + ax + 2ay + c = 0
a2 
2 g2  c  2 c 2 2
4
a2
 c  2 ….(1)
4
2 f 2  c  2 a2  c  2 5
2
 a –c=5 ….(2)
(1) & (2)
3a2
 3  a  2 (a  0)
4
 c = –1
2 2
Circle  x + y – 2x – 4y – 1 =0
2 2
 (x – 1) + (y – 2) = 6
1
Given x  2y  0  m  
2
mtangent = 2
Equation of tangent
 (y  2)  2(x  1)  6 1 4
 2x  y  30  0

 30
Perpendicular distance form (0. 0)   6
 4 1


77. The line 2x – y + 1 = 0 is a tangent to the circle at the point (2, 5) and the centre of the
circle lies on x – 2y = 4. Then, the radius of the circle is:
[Jee main 2021 (17-03-2021-shift-1)]
(A) 3 5 (B) 5 3 (C) 5 4 (D) 4 5
Ans. (A)

48
Sol.

 h  4 
5  2 (2)  1
 
2h 
 
 

h=8
center (8, 2)

78. Choose the incorrect statement about the two circles whose equations are given below
:
x2 + y2 – 10x – 10y + 41 = 0 and
x2 + y2 – 16x – 10y + 80 = 0 [Jee main 2021 (17-03-2021-shift-1)]
(A) Distance between two centres is the average of radii of both the circles.
(B) Both circles centres lie inside region of one another.
(C) Both circles pass through the centre of each other.
(D) Circles have two intersection points.
Ans. (C)
Sol. r1 = 3, c1 (5, 5)

r2 = 3, c2 (8, 5)

C1C2 = 3, r1 = 3, r2 = 3

79. The minimum distance between any two points P1 and P2 while considering point P1
on one circle and point P2 on the other circle for the given circles’ equations
x2 + y2 –10x – 10y + 41 = 0
x2 + y2 – 24x – 10y + 160 = 0 is . [Jee main 2021 (17-03-2021-shift-1)]
Ans. (1)
Sol. Given C1(5, 5), r1 = 3 and C2 (12, 5), r2 = 3

Now, C1C2> r1 + r2

49
 Thus, (P1P2)min = 7 – 6 = 1

80. Two tangents are drawn from a point P to the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y + 4 = 0, such
1  12  1  12 
that the angle between these tangents is tan   , where tan    (0, ). If the
5   5
centre of the circle is denoted by C and these tangents touch the circle at points A and
B, then the ratio of the areas of PAB and CAB is :
[Jee main 2021 (17-03-2021-shift-2)]
(A) 11 : 4 (B) 9 : 4 (C) 3 :1 (D) 2 : 1
Ans. (B)
12
Sol. tan 
5
A
 P
PA  cot  1
2 
C
1 1 
 area of PAB  (PA)2 sin  cot2 sin (1,2) 1
2 2 2 B
1  1 cos
 sin
2  1 cos


 5 
1  1 13   12  1 18 12 27
        
2  1 5  13  2 8 13 26

 13 


area of CAB  sin  

1 1 12 6

 
2 2  13 13

area of PAB 9
 
area of CAB 4

81. Let the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 25 at the point R(3, 4) meet x-axis and y-axis at
point P and Q, respectively. If r is the radius of the circle passing through the origin O
and having centre at the incentre of the triangle OPQ, then r2 is equal to
[Jee main 2021 (17-03-2021-shift-2)]
529 125 625 585
(A) (B) (C) (D)
64 72 72 66
Ans. (C)
Sol. Tangent to circle 3x + 4y = 25

50
 OP + OQ + OR = 25
 25
4  3 , 4  3 
25 25 25
Incentre 
 25 25
 


 25 25
  , 
 12 12 

 25 2 625 625
r 2  2    2  
 12 144 72

82. Choose the correct statement about two circles whose equations are given below :
x2 + y2 – 10x – 10y + 41 = 0
x2 + y2 – 22x – 10y + 137 = 0 [Jee main 2021 (18-03-2021-shift-1)]
(A) circles have same centre (B) circles have no meeting point
(C) circles have only one meeting point (D) circles have two meeting points
Ans. (C)
2 2
Sol. x + y –10x– 10y + 41 = 0
A(5,5), R1 = 3
2 2
x + y – 22x – 10y + 137 = 0
B(11,5), R2 = 3

AB = 6 = R1 + R2

Touch each other externally

circles have only one meeting point.

83. For the four circles M, N, O and P, following four equations are given :
Circle M : x2 + y2 = 1
Circle N : x2 + y2 – 2x = 0
Circle O : x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0
Circle P : x2 + y2 – 2y = 0 [Jee main 2021 (18-03-2021-shift-1)]

51
 If the centre of circle M is joined with centre of the circle N, further centre of circle N
is joined with centre of the circle O, centre of circle O is joined with the centre of
circle P and lastly, centre of circle P is joined with centre of circle M, then these lines
form the sides of a :
(A) Rhombus (B) Square (C) Rectangle (D) Parallelogram
Ans. (B)
2 2
Sol. M:x +y =1 (0,0)
2 2
N : x + y – 2x = 0 (1,0)
2 2
O : x + y – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0 (1,1)
2 2
P : x + y – 2y = 0 (0,1)

84. Let S1 : x2 + y2 = 9 and S2 : (x – 2)2 + y2 = 1. Then the locus of center of a variable

circle S which touches S1 internally and S2 externally always passes through the
points :
[Jee main 2021 (18-03-2021-shift-2)]
1 5  3
(A) (0,  3) (B) ,  (C) 2,    (D) (1, ± 2)

2 2 


 2 


    
Ans. (C)

Sol.



c1c2 = r1 – r2

 given circle are touching internally

Let a variable circle with centre P and radius r

52
  PA = r1 – r and PB = r2 + r

 PA + PB = r1 + r2

 PA + PB = 4 ( > AB)

 Locus of P is an ellipse with foci at A(0, 0) and B(2, 0) and length of major axis is
1
2a = 4, e 
2
2 2 2
 centre is at (1. 0) and b = a (1 – e ) = 3 if x-ellipse

y2
 E : (x  1) 
2
1
4 3

which is satisfied by  2,  
3


2 


85. Let r1 and r2 be the radii of the largest and smallest circles, respectively, which pass
through the point (–4, 1) and having their centres on the circumference of the circle
r1
x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y – 4 = 0. If  a  b 2 , then a + b is equal to :
r2
[Jee main 2021 (20-07-2021-shift-2)]
(A) 7 (B) 11 (C) 5 (D) 3
Ans. (C)
Sol. x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y – 4 = 0
(x + 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 32
General point on circumference (3 cos  – 1, 3 sin  – 2)
As centre of circle is (–1, –2)

So, r  (3cos 3)2  (3sin  3)2



 3 cos2 1 2cossin2 1 2sin 

 3 3  2(cossin )

r1  3 3  2 2

r2  3 3  2 2

53
  3 3 2 2  3 2 2
r1
r2 3 3  2 2

r1
On comparing with ab 2
r2

a+b=5

86. Let the circle S: 36x2 + 36y2 – 108x + 120y + C = 0 be such that it neither intersects
nor touches the co-ordinates axes. If the point of intersection of the lines, x – 2y = 4
and 2x – y = 5 lies inside the circle S, then:
[Jee main 2021 (22-07-2021-shift-2)]
25 13
(A) C (B) 100 < C < 165 (C) 100 < C < 156 (D) 81 < C < 156
9 3
Ans. (C)
Sol. Intersection point of 2x – y = 5 and x – 2y = 4 is (2, –1)
So, (2, –1) lies inside the circle  S 1 < 0
36(2)2 + 36 (–1)2 – 108 (2) + 120 (–1) + c < 0
c < 156 …….(i)
circle 36x2 + 36y2 – 108x + 120y + c = 0 neither touches nor cuts the co-ordinate
axis so
2 c
g2 – c < 0   –3  –  0  c  81 ….(ii)
  2
2 36
5 c
and f – c < 0    –
2
< 0  c > 100 ….(iii)
 3  36
From (i), (ii) and (iii)
100 < c < 156

87. Let [Jee main 2021 (27-07-2021-shift-1)]

A = {(x, y)  R × R | 2x2 + 2y2 – 2x – 2y = 1},
B = {(x, y)  R × R | 4x2 + 4y2 – 16y + 7 = 0} and
C = {(x, y)  R × R | x2 + y2 – 4x – 2y + 5 d” r2}.
Then the minimum value of |r| such that A  B  C is equal to :
3  10 2  10 3 2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1 5
2 2 2
Ans. (C)
Sol.

54

 Y


 B
 r=3/2 A
 (0,2) (2,1)
 P
 (1,1)
X
C

Let centre of circle C is P

Centre of circle B is Q
For A  B  C
3
r ≥ PQ +
2
3
r ≥ 22 12 
2
3 2 5 3 2 5
r≥  rmin =
2 2

88. Let P and Q be two distinct points on a circle which has centre at C(2, 3) and which
passes through origin O. If OC is perpendicular to both the line segments CP and CQ,
then the set {P, Q} is equal to : [Jee main 2021 (27-07-2021-shift-1)]
(A) {(–1, 5), (5, 1)}
(B) {(2 + 2 2 , 3 – 5 ), (2 – 2 2 , 3 + 5 )}
(C) {(2 + 2 2 , 3 + 5 ), (2 – 2 2 , 3 – 5 )}
(D) {(4, 0), (0, 6)}
Ans. (A)
Sol. (x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 13
P

C(2, 3)

(0 0) Q
Equation of line OC
3
y x
2
Line perpendicular to the above line and passing through (2, 3) is 3y + 2x = 13
Coordinates of P, Q 
 2  13 cos,3  13 sin  

55


  3   2 
  2  13  , 3  13  
  13   13 
 (–1, 5) & (5, 1)

89. Two tangents are drawn from the point P(–1, 1) to the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y + 6 = 0.
If these tangents touch the circle at point A and B, and if D is a point on the circle
such that length of the segments AB and AD are equal, then the area of the triangle
ABD is equal to: [Jee main 2021 (27-07-2021-shift-1)]
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 3( 2 1) (D) 3( 2  2)
Ans. (A)
Sol.
y

(1,3)
(–1,3) B D
2 2 2 2

P
(–1,1) A(1,1)
x
O

1
PAB =  4 2  4
2

90. Consider a circle C which touches the y-axis at (0, 6) and cuts off intercept 6 5 on
the x-axis. Then the radius of the circle C is equal to :
[Jee main 2021 (27-07-2021-shift-2)]
(A) 8 (B) 53 (C) 9 (D) 82
Ans. (C)
Sol.
y

(0, 6) r C
P
D x
A
AD = 3 5

56
 CA2 = CD2 + AD2
= 36 + 45
CA2 = 81
CA = 9
 r=9

91. The locus of a point, which moves such that the sum of squares of its distance from the
points (0,0), (1,0), (0,1), (1,1) is 18 units, is a circle of diameter d. Then d2 is
equal to .
[Jee main 2021 (26-08-2021-shift-1)]
Ans. (16)
Sol. Let P(x, y)
x 2  y2   x  0   y 1   x 1   y  0    x 1   y 1  18
2 2 2 2 2 2

4x2  4y2  4x  4y  4 18

14
x2  y2  x  y   0
4
1 1
Centre , r  1  1  14  2
 2 2 
  4 4 4
d  2r  2 2  4
So, d2  16

92. A circle C touches the line x = 2y at the point (2, 1) and intersects the circle
C1 : x2  y2  2y  5  0 at two points P and Q such that PQ is a diameter of C1 . Then
the diameter of C is:
[Jee main 2021 (26-08-2021-shift-2)]
(A) 4 15 (B) 7 5 (C) 15 (D) 245
Ans. (D)
Sol. Family of circle touching line 2y = x at point (2, 1)
 x  2   y 1    x  2y   0
2 2
…… (1)
Common chord PQ is
 x  2   y 1    x  2y   x 2  y2  2y  5  0
2 2

(Diameter of C1 passes through (0, –1))

4  4  2 1 2  5  0
  7 put in (1)
 x  2   y 1  7  x  2y   0
2 2

57
 x2  y2 11x 12y  5  0
121 245
r  36  5  121124  245   diameter  245
4 4 4 2

93. Let the equation x2  y2  px 11 p y  5  0 represent circles of varying radius

r 0,5 . Then the number of elements in the set S {q : q  p2 and q is an integer} is
.
[Jee main 2021 (27-08-2021-shift-1)]
Ans. (61)
1 p 
2

 5  2p  2p 19
2 2
p
Sol. r  
4 4 4
Since, r 0,5
So, 0  2p2  2p 19  100
1
 p   239 1 39   1 39 1 239 
2 , 2   2 , 2 
   
So, number of integral values of p2 is 61.

94. Let Z be the set of all integers, 

A  x, y  Z Z;  x  2 2
 y2  4  

B x, y  ZZ; x2  y2  4and 
C  x, y  Z Z;  x  2 2
  y  2  4
2
 [Jee main 2021 (27-08-2021-shift-2)]

If the total number of relations from A B to A C is 2p , then the value of p is:

(A) 25 (B) 9 (C) 16 (D) 49
Ans. (A)
Sol. A   x, y  Z Z;  x  2 2
 y2  4 
B x, y  ZZ; x2  y2  4
C  x, y  Z Z;  x  2 2
  y  2  4
2


58



Similarly n  A C   5
Relation from A B to A C  255  2p  p  25

95. Two circles each of radius 5 units touch each other at the point (1, 2). If the equation
of their common tangents is 4x + 3y = 10, and C1 , and C2 ,  , C1  C2 are
their centres, then       is equal to .
[Jee main 2021 (27-08-2021-shift-2)]
Ans. (40)
4
Sol. Slope of the common tangent = 
3
4 3
If C C makes an angle  with x-axis, then cos and sin   .
1 2
5 5

So, the equation of C1C2 in parametric form is

x 1 y  2
 ….(i)
4/ 5 3/ 5
Since, C1 and C2 are points on Eq. (i) at a distance of 5 units from P.
So, the coordinates of C1 and C2 are given by

59
 x 1 y  2
  5
4/5 3/5
 x 1 4 and y  2  3.
Thus, the coordinates of C1 and C2 are (5, 5) and (–3, –1) respectively.
Hence, the equations of the two circles are
(x  5)2  (y  5)2  52
and (x  3)2  (y 1)2  52
C2 5,5 , C2 3, 1

       40

If the variable line 3x + 4y =  lies between the two circles  x 1   y 1  1 and
2 2
96.
 x  9   y 1  4 , without intercepting a chord on either circle, then the sum of
2 2

all the integral values of  is . [Jee main 2021 (31-08-2021-shift-1)]

Ans. (165)
Sol. Line lies between the two circle
(10 – ) (31 – ) < 0
10 <  < 31 …….(1)

As well as line can be tangent to the circle

P1  (Distance of (1, 1) from line)
P2  (Distance of (9, 1) from line)
P1  r1  7    10
 , 212,  …… (1)

P2  r2  31   10  , 2141, 

1   2  3 12    21

10
Sum of integer value of   12 13  21  33  165
2

60
 97. Let B is the centre of the circle x2  y2  2x  4y 1  0 . Let the tangents at two
 Area APQ 
points P and Q on the circle intersect at the point A(3, 1). Then 8  is
 Area  
equal to 
BPQ
  [Jee main 2021 (31-08-2021-shift-2)]
Ans. (18) 
Sol. AP  9 1 6  4 1
AP  3  AQ
r  1 4 1  2
3 Area APQ AR 3sin  9  Area APQ 
tan        8  18
 
2 Area BPQ RB 2 cos 4 Area BPQ 


98. Consider a triangle  whose two sides lie on the x-axis and the line x + y + 1 = 0. If
the orthocenter of  is (1, 1), then the equation of the circle passing through the
vertices of the triangle  is [Jee Advance 2021(Paper 1)]
(A) x + y – 3x + y = 0
2 2
(B) x + y2 + x + 3y = 0
2

(C) x2 + y2 + 2y – 1 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 + x + y = 0
Ans. (B)
Sol.

one of the vectex is intersection of x-axis and x + y + 1 = 0  A(–1,0)

Let vertex B be (,––1)
Line AC  BH   = 1  B(1,–2)
Let vertex C be(,0)

61
 Line AH  BC
mAH.mBC = – 1
1 2
.  1   = 0
2  1
 2
Centroid of ABC is  0, – 
 3 
Now G(centroid) divides line joining circum centre (O) and ortho centre (H) in the
ratio 1: 2


 2h + 1 = 0 2k + 1 = –z
1 3
h  k 
2 2
 1 3
 circum centre is  ,  
   

 2 2 
Equation of circum circle is (passing through C(0,0)) is
x2 + y2 + x + 3y = 0

Paragraph
Let
M  (x, y)   :x2  y2 r 2 }
1
where r > 0. Consider the geometric progression a  , n  1, 2,3, ....... Let S = 0 and,
n n1 0
2
for n  1, let Sn denote the sum of the first n terms of this progression. For n  1, let Cn denote
the circle with center (Sn–1, 0) and radius an, and Dn denote the circle with center (Sn–1, S n–1)
and radius an. [Jee Advance 2021 (Paper 2)]

1025
99. Consider M with r  . Let k be the number of all those circles Cn that are inside
513
M. Let l be the maximum possible number of circles among these k circles such that
no two circles intersect. Then
(A) k + 2l = 22 (B) 2k + l = 26
(C) 2k + 3l = 34 (D) 3k + 2l = 40
Ans. (D)

1 1 1
Sol. S  1  .... 
n
21 22 2n1
 
 2 1  2  1

 


 2n  2n1

62
  1 
Centre of Cn is 2  ,0 
 


 2 
n2


1
and radius of Cn is n 1
2
1025
when r = 2
513
Cn will lie inside m
1 1 1025
when 2  n2  n1 
2 2 513
1
2 
1025 1
 n1
n2
2 513 2
1 1
2  n2 
1025
n1
2 2 513
1 1  1 
 1
513 2  2 
n2 

1 1
 n1
513 2
2n1  513
 k = 10
 Number of circles inside be 10 = K

Clearly, we can see that centre of next circle is always right end point of diameter on
x-axis & radius is ½ of the previous circle.
So, alternate circles do not intersect each other i.e., C1, C3 , C5 , C7 , C9 do not
intersect each other as well as C2 , C4 , C6 , C8 and C10 do not intersect each other hence
maximum of 5 set of circles do not intersect each other.
𝑙=5
 3K + 2𝑙 = 40

63
 (2199 1) 2
100. Consider M with r   198 . The number of all those circles Dn that are inside
2
M is [Jee Advance 2021 (Paper 2)]

(A) 198 (B) 199 (C) 200 (D) 201

Ans. (B)
Sol.

Centre of Dn is (Sn–1, Sn–1)

1
r
2n1
Dn will lie inside
1
when 2(Sn1 )  n1 
2199 1 2

2 2198
 2  2  1  1  2 2  2
 
2n2  2n1 2198
 
 2

1  2
2 n2
2n1 2198
1
2 2 1   2
2n1 2198
1 2n 1
2 
2 2198
1
2  2n199
2
1
2n199  2  2
2
n 199  1
n  200
 nmax = 199

64
65