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MySQL Definition

MySQL is an open source database management system that implements relational databases using tables to store data. It supports various data types including numeric, date/time, and string types. The document then provides examples of MySQL commands to create databases and tables, insert, select, alter, update, count, and delete data.

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koushikmalakar
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32 views

MySQL Definition

MySQL is an open source database management system that implements relational databases using tables to store data. It supports various data types including numeric, date/time, and string types. The document then provides examples of MySQL commands to create databases and tables, insert, select, alter, update, count, and delete data.

Uploaded by

koushikmalakar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MySQL Definition

MySQL is an open source SQL (or structured query language) database management
system. It leverages the concept of relational databases wherein multiple tables can
hold pieces of data pertaining to a large physical entity. MySQL databases implement
many data types that are used to help define the data. These data types
include numeric (as in integer, floating, mixed, signed, and unsigned), date and
time (DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP ), and string ( CHAR, VARCHAR,
TEXT, ENUM, and SET).

MySQL Commands
In this lesson, we'll cover many of the MySQL commands you would need to create
and manage databases. A more comprehensive table of commands is near the bottom.
Please note that the installation of MySQL isn't covered in this lesson, but let's cover
the main commands that you'll encounter with MYSQL, one at a time here:

1. Database and Table Creation


In the example appearing here, we are creating a database called Students and then
creating associated tables. To create the database, allow the database to be used and
create a table, implementing the following commands:
mysql> CREATE DATABASE Students;
mysql> USE Students
mysql> CREATE TABLE Information (firstname VARCHAR(20),lastname
VARCHAR(20),gender CHAR(1),grade INT(10), dob DATE);
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
After you've created the database and subsequent table called Students in the database,
you can see the details of the table by using the describe command, like this one:
mysql> DESCRIBE Information;
The following will be displayed:

Field Type Null Key Default


firstname varchar(20) YES NULL
lastname varchar(20) YES NULL
gender varchar(20) YES NULL
grade int(10) YES NULL
dob date YES NULL
The table being displayed here is what you'll see. In our table, field is the name of the
column; type is the datatype; null is a check to see if the attribute can have null values;
key determines whether the attribute can be a primary or foreign key (we'll discuss this
concept later in the lesson); the default command specifies whether the attribute comes
with a pre-defined default value.

2. Inserting Values in a Table


The INSERT INTO statement is used to add values to a table. Appearing here is the
command to insert 5 student records into the table 'Information:'
mysql> INSERT INTO Information VALUES ('Amanda','Williams','f','10','1999-03-
30');
mysql> INSERT INTO Information VALUES ('Peter','Williams','m','10','1998-03-15');
mysql> INSERT INTO Information VALUES ('Cristie','Wills','f','10','1999-02-05');

3. Viewing the Table


Now that you're done inserting values, how do you check to see if the records are in the
table now? This is done with the SELECT command, which you can see play out here:
mysql> SELECT * FROM Information;

firstname lastname gender grade dob


Amanda Williams f 10 1999-03-30
Peter Williams m 10 1998-03-15
Cristie Wills f 10 1999-02-05

4. Adding a Column to the Table


At this point, the 'Information' table does not have a unique identifier for every record,
called a primary key . We can make changes to the table and add another column to it
that will always take in only unique values. This can be done with multiple ALTER
commands, as follows:
mysql> ALTER TABLE Information ADD COLUMN rollnumber INT(10);
mysql> ALTER TABLE Information ADD PRIMARY KEY(rollnumber)

5. Adding Values to the New Column


Now that we've added our new column and made it unique using a primary key, we can
now add data to it using the INSERT INTO statement as follows:
mysql> INSERT INTO Information rollnumber VALUE ('001');
mysql> INSERT INTO Information rollnumber VALUE ('002');
mysql> INSERT INTO Information rollnumber VALUE ('003');

6. Counting the Number of Rows


If we want to count the number of rows in a table, we can use the COUNT command:
mysql> SELECT COUNT (*) FROM Information

7. Selecting Particular Records


Using the SELECT WHERE command, we can select a specific record from the table
as follows:
mysql> SELECT * FROM Information WHERE lastname = 'Williams';

firstname lastname gender grade dob


Amanda Williams f 10 1999-03-30
Peter Williams m 10 1998-03-15

8. Updating Selected Records


To update information in a specific column for a specific record, the UPDATE
command is used as follows:
mysql> UPDATE Information SET dob = '1999-02-02' WHERE lastname = Wills;
This updates the dob of the record whose last name is Wills and returns the result.

firstname lastname gender grade dob


Cristie Wills f 10 1999-02-02

9. Deleting Records
If you want to delete a record or multiple records from a table, you can use the DELETE
command as follows:
mysql> DELETE FROM Information WHERE dob = 1999-03-30;

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