Aggregate Functions in DBM

Aggregate Functions in DBM
Aggregate Functions in DBMS are an essential component that helps the

user in the analysis and extraction of meaningful information from large
datasets. The Aggregate Functions in DBMS perform the calculation over the
whole data and return a single-valued output. Here we will learn about
Aggregate Functions in DBMS and different types of Aggregate Functions in
DBMS.
Aggregate Functions in DBMS

Aggregate functions in DBMS are used to perform calculations on sets of
data. They take a set of values as input and return a single value as output.
These functions are often used to generate summary statistics on large
datasets, such as the average, minimum, maximum, and sum of a set of
values. They can also be used to count the number of rows in a dataset, and
perform other complex calculations. In a nutshell, Aggregate Functions in
DBMS are used for summarizing the data.
Types of Aggregate Functions in DBMS

Aggregate Functions in DBMS are of different types as shown in the figure
given below.
To understand the above-mentioned Aggregate Functions in DBMS, let us

consider the following table.
Table Name: PREP_TABLE
PRODUCT COMPANY QTY RATE COST
Product1 Company1 2 10 20
PRODUCT COMPANY QTY RATE COST
COUNT()
This COUNT() function is used to count the number of rows in a table or a
result set. It can also be used with a specific column to count the number of
non-null values in that column.
Syntax of COUNT() Function
COUNT(*) OR COUNT(COLUMN_NAME)
Example of COUNT() Function
SQL Query:
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM PREP_TABLE;
Output:
10
Example of COUNT() Function with WHERE Clause
SQL Query:
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM PREP_TABLE;
WHERE RATE>=20;
Output:
Example of COUNT() Function with DISTINCT
SQL Query:
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT COMPANY)
FROM PREP_TABLE;
Output:
Example of COUNT() Function with GROUP BY
SQL Query:
SELECT COMPANY, COUNT(*)
FROM PREP_TABLE
GROUP BY COMPANY;
Output:
Company1 5
Company2 3
Company3 2
Example of COUNT() Function with HAVING
SQL Query:
SELECT COMPANY, COUNT(*)
FROM PREP_TABLE
GROUP BY COMPANY
HAVING COUNT(*)>2;
Output:
Company1 5
Company2 3
SUM()
The SUM() function in DBMS accepts a column name as an input and returns
the total of all non-NULL values in that column. It only works on numeric fields
(i.e the columns contain only numeric values). If this function is applied to
columns that include both non-numeric (like, strings) and numeric values, it
only considers the numeric values. If there are no numeric values, the method
returns 0.
Syntax of SUM() Function
SUM(COLUMN_NAME)
Example of SUM() Function
SQL Query:
SELECT SUM(COST)
FROM PREP_TABLE;
Output:
670
Example of SUM() Function with WHERE
SQL Query:
SELECT SUM(COST)
FROM PREP_TABLE
WHERE QTY>3;
Output:
320
Example of SUM() Function with GROUP BY
SQL Query:
SELECT SUM(COST)
FROM PREP_TABLE
WHERE QTY>3
GROUP BY COMPANY;
Output:
Company1 150
Company2 170
Example of SUM() Function with HAVING
SQL Query:
SELECT COMPANY, SUM(COST)
FROM PREP_TABLE
GROUP BY COMPANY
HAVING SUM(COST)>=170;
Output:
Company1 335
Company3 170
AVG()
The AVG() aggregate function in DBMS takes the column name as an input
and returns the average of all non-NULL values in that column. It only works
on numeric fields (i.e the columns contain only numeric values).
Syntax of AVG() Function
AVG(COLUMN_NAME)
Example of AVG() Function

SQL Query:
SELECT AVG(COST)
FROM PREP_TABLE;
Output:
67.00
MAX()
The MAX() function accepts the column name as a parameter and returns the
maximum value in the column. When no row is specified, MAX() function
returns NULL.
Syntax of MAX() Function
MAX(COLUMN_NAME)
Example of MAX() Function
SQL Query:
SELECT MAX(RATE)
FROM PREP_TABLE;
Output:
30
MIN()
The MIN() function accepts the column name as a parameter and returns the
minimum value in the column. When no row is specified, MIN() Function
returns NULL as result.
Syntax of MIN() Function:
MIN(COLUMN_NAME)
Example of MIN() Function
SQL Query:
SELECT MIN(RATE)
FROM PREP_TABLE;
Output:
10
Conclusion
In this article, we learned about the Aggregate Functions in DBMS. The
Aggregate Functions in DBMS help us in dealing with large datasets. We have
discussed different types of Aggregate Functions in DBMS which include,
COUNT(), SUM(), AVG(), MAX(), and MIN(). Whether you are a data analyst,
a database administrator, or a developer, understanding how to use
aggregate functions in DBMS is essential for working with large datasets and
making informed decisions based on data analysis.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Here are some Frequently Asked Questions related to “Aggregate Functions
in DBMS”.
Ques 1. What is the purpose of using aggregate functions in DBMS?

Ans. The purpose of using aggregate functions in DBMS is to summarize data
from one or more columns of a table and provide meaningful insights.
Ques 2. What are the commonly used aggregate functions in DBMS?

Ans. Some commonly used aggregate functions in DBMS are COUNT(),
SUM(), AVG(), MAX(), MIN(), etc.
Ques 3. What is the difference between SUM() and AVG() aggregate functions in
DBMS?
Ans. SUM() function calculates the total sum of a column whereas the AVG()
function calculates the average of a column.
Ques 4. What is the difference between the MAX() and MIN() aggregate
functions in DBMS?
Ans. MAX() function returns the maximum value in a column whereas MIN()
function returns the minimum value in a column.
Ques 5. Can we use aggregate functions in DBMS with the DISTINCT keyword?
Ans. Yes, aggregate functions can be used with the DISTINCT keyword to
perform calculations on unique values of a column.
Why Use Aggregate Functions?
Aggregate functions are a vital component of database management systems. They allow us to
perform calculations on large data sets quickly and efficiently. For example, these functions
generate statistical reports, perform financial analysis, and manage inventory levels.
In addition, we can better understand the data we are working with by using aggregate functions.
For example, we can easily calculate the average price of all products in our inventory or find the
total sales for a particular time. Without aggregate functions, we would need to manually sort
through each data point, which would be time-consuming and error-prone.
Overall, aggregate functions are essential for anyone working with large amounts of data and
seeking to gain valuable insights from it.
COUNT() Function
The COUNT() function returns the number of rows in a database table.
Syntax:
COUNT(*)
or
COUNT( [ALL|DISTINCT] expression )

Example:
We will use the ‘products’ table from the sample database for our demonstration.
The following SQL statement fetches the number of products in the table.
This will produce the following result.
The below-given command will display those product ids where the unit price is greater than 4.
This will display the following result.
Let's look at how we can use GROUP BY and HAVING functions with the COUNT function.
Consider the following dataset:

The SQL command given below will list the number of customers in each city.
This will produce the following results:

Aggregate Functions in DBM

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Aggregate Functions in DBM

Aggregate Functions in DBMS are an essential component that helps the

Aggregate Functions in DBMS

Types of Aggregate Functions in DBMS

To understand the above-mentioned Aggregate Functions in DBMS, let us

Table Name: PREP_TABLE

PRODUCT COMPANY QTY RATE COST

Product7 Company1 5 30 150

Product10 Company3 4 30 120

Syntax of COUNT() Function

Example of COUNT() Function

Example of COUNT() Function with WHERE Clause

Example of COUNT() Function with DISTINCT

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT COMPANY)

Example of COUNT() Function with GROUP BY

SELECT COMPANY, COUNT(*)

Example of COUNT() Function with HAVING

SELECT COMPANY, COUNT(*)

Syntax of SUM() Function

Example of SUM() Function

Example of SUM() Function with WHERE

Example of SUM() Function with GROUP BY

Example of SUM() Function with HAVING

SELECT COMPANY, SUM(COST)

Syntax of AVG() Function

Example of AVG() Function

Syntax of MAX() Function

Example of MAX() Function

Syntax of MIN() Function:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Ques 1. What is the purpose of using aggregate functions in DBMS?

Ques 2. What are the commonly used aggregate functions in DBMS?

Why Use Aggregate Functions?

The COUNT() function returns the number of rows in a database table.

COUNT( [ALL|DISTINCT] expression )

This will produce the following result.

Consider the following dataset:

This will produce the following results:

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