TEACHING NOTES

Key Concepts AUC

1. INTRODUCTION : Titled as Quadrature / Reduce the differential equation to a
quadrature.

2. Area bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the

ordinate at x = a and x = b is given by
b
A =  y dx
a
Where y = f (x) lies above the x-axis and b > a.

However if y = f (x) lies complete below the x-axis then

b
A=  y dx
a
In case curve crosses the x-axis at x = c then

r
c b
A=  y dx +  y dx

3.
a c
si
Sometimes integration w.r.t. y is very useful i.e. (horizontal strip):
.B
Area bounded by the curve, y-axis and the two y
x=f(y)
abscissas at y = a & y = b is written as y=b
dy
b y=a
G

A =  x dy O x
a
@

4. Area enclosed between two curves :

(a) integrate w.r.t. x
x2
A=  [f (x)  g(x)]dx
x1

(b) In case horizontal strip, we have

y2
A=  (x 2  x1)dy
y1
y2
A=  [f (y)  g(y)]dy
y1

ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan
 AUC

5. Standard areas to be remembered for the purpose of screening :

(1) y2 = 4ax ; x2 = 4by

a>0;b>0
k 2
x
A =   2 a x  4b  dx
0 
16ab
A=
3
(2) y2 = 4ax and y = mx
c
 2 a x  mx dx 
0
8a 2
A=
3m 3

r
(3) Area enclosed by y2 = 4ax and its double ordinate at x = a
(chord perpendicular to the axis of symmetry)
a

2·  2 ax dx 
si
.B
0
This simplifies to
G

Area of AOB = 2/3(area ABCD)


2 2
@

x y
(4) Whole area of ellipse  1
a2 b2
a2 
 b 1  x  dx
A = 4  = a b
0 a 2 

SHIFTING OF ORIGIN :
Since area remains invariant even if the coordinates axes are shifted, hence shifting of
origin in many cases proves to be very convenient in computing the areas.

ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan
 AUC
VARIABLE AREA GREATEST AND LEAST VALUE :
(1) An important concept :
If y = f (x) is a monotonic function in (a, b) then the area bounded by the ordinates at
ab
x = a, x = b, y = f (x) and y = f (c), [where c  (a, b)] is minimum when c = .
2

AVERAGE VALUE OF A FUNCTION :

Average value of the function in y = f (x)
w.r.t. x over an interval a  x  b is defined as

r
b
yav =
1
 f (x)dx
ba a si
.B
DETERMINATION OF FUNCTION: dA ax
x
The area function A a satisfies the differential equation = f (x) with initial condition
dx
A aa = 0 i.e. derivative of the area function is the function itself.
G

Note :
If F (x) is any integral of f (x) then ,
@

A ax =  f (x) dx = [ F (x) + c ] A aa = 0 = F (a) + c  c =  F (a)

hence A ax = F (x)  F (a). Finally by taking x = b we get , A ab = F (b)  F (a).

AREA ENCLOSED IN CASE ONE CURVE ARE EXPRESSED IN POLAR FORM

r = a(1 + cos) (Cardioid)

1 2 2 a 2 2 
A =  r d =  4cos4 d
20 2 0 2


put =t
2
 2
2 4 3a
A = a  4cos t dt = 8 × ]
0 16
ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan
 AUC
1. The area between the curve y = ex and x-axis which
lies between x = – 1 and x = 1 is- 8. Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the
(A) e2 – 1 (B) (e2 –1)/e x2 y2 x y
ellipse   1 and the line  1
(C) (1– e)/e (D) (e – 1)/e2 a 2
b 2 a b

2. The area enclosed by the curve y + x = x is

2 4 2
ab ab
(A) (  2) (B) (  2)
4 2
2 4
(A) (B) ab ab
3 3 (C) (  2) (D) (  2)
4 2
8 10
(C) (D) 1
3 3 9. Consider two curves C1 : y = and C2 : y = nx on
x
the xy plane. Let D1 denotes the region surrounded
3. If (a, 0) ; a > 0 is the point where the curve
by C1, C2 and the line x = 1 and D2 denotes the
y = sin 2x – 3 sinx cuts the x-axis first, A is the region surrounded by C1, C2 and the line x = a. If
area bounded by this part of the curve, the origin D1 = D2 then the value of 'a'
and the positive x-axis, then e
(A)
(A) 4A + 8 cosa = 7 (B) 4A + 8sina = 7 2
(C) 4A – 8 sin a = 7 (D) 4A – 8 cos a = 7 (B) e

r
(C) e – 1
(D) 2(e – 1)
4. The area of the region for which 0 < y < 3 – 2x – x2
& x > 0 is

(A)
3
2
 (3 – 2x – x )dx (B)
3
2
 (3 – 2x – x )dx
si 10. The a rea bounded by the curve y = f(x),
the x-a xis & the ordina tes x = 1 & x = b is (b – 1)
sin (3b + 4). Then f(x) is
.B
1 0
(A) (x – 1) cos (3x + 4) (B) sin (3x + 4)
1 3 (C) sin (3x + 4) + 3(x – 1). cos (3x + 4)
2
(C)  (3 – 2x – x )dx (D)
2
 (3 – 2x – x )dx (D) none
0 1
G

11. The value of a for which the area of the

5. The area of the figure bounded by the curves
region bounded by the curve y = sin 2x, the straight
y = nx & y = (nx)2 is
lines x = /6, x = a and x-axis is equal to 1/2 is-
(A) e + 1 (B) e – 1
@

(C) 3 – e (D) 1 (A) /2 (B)  /3 (C) 4/3 (D)  /6

6. The curve f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C passes through the 12. The area bounded by the parabola x2 = 4y, the
point (1, 3) and line 4x + y = 8 is tangent to it at the x-axis and the line x = 4 is divided into two equal
point (2, 0). The area enclosed by y = f(x), the tan- area by the line x = , then the value of  is-
gent line and the y-axis is (A) 21/3 (B) 22/3 (C) 24/3 (D) 25/3
4 8
(A) (B) 13. The area between the curve y = sec x and
3 3
y-axis when 1 ≤ y ≤ 2 is-
16 32 2 2
(C) (D) (A) – log (2 + 3 ) (B) + log (2 + 3 )
3 3 3 3
7. Let f(x) = x3 + 3x + 2 and g(x) is inverse of f find  1
the area bounded by g(x), x-axis and two (C) – log (2+ 3 ) (D) None of these
3 2
ordinates x = –2 and x = 6
(A) 3/2 sq. unit (B) 5/2 sq. unit
(C) 7/2 sq. unit (D) 9/2 sq. unit

ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan
 AUC

14. If the area bounded by the x-axis, curve 20. If the tangent to the curve y = 1 – x2 at x = α,
y= f(x) and the lines x = 1, x = b is equal to where 0 <  < 1, meets the axes at P and Q. Also 
b 2 1 – 2 for all b > 1, then f(x) is- varies, the minimum value of the area of the
triangle OPQ is k times area bounded by the axes
and the part of the curve for which 0 < x < 1, then
(A) (x 1) (B) (x 1) k is equal to
x 2 75
(C) 2
(x 1) (D) (A) (B)
1 x 2 3 16
15. The area bounded by the curves y = x(1 – nx) ; 25 2
(C) (D)
x = e–1 and positive x-axis between x = e–1 and x = e is 18 3
 e 2 – 4e –2   e 2 – 5e –2  21. Let ‘a’ be a positive constant number. Consider
(A)   (B)   two curves C1 : y = ex, C2 : y = ea – x. Let S be the area of
 5  4
the part surrounding by C1, C2 and the y-axis,
 4e 2 – e –2   5e 2 – e –2  S
(C)   (D)   then Lim equals
 5  4 a0 a2
16. Suppose y = f(x) and y = g(x) are two functions (A) 4 (B) 1/2
whose graphs intersect at the three points (0, 4), (2, 2) (C) 0 (D) 1/4

r
and (4, 0) with f(x) > g(x) for 0 < x < 2 and f(x) < g(x) for 22. Let f(x) be a non-negative continuous function such
2 < x < 4.
4
If [f(x) g(x)]dx 10 and

0
4

[g(x) f(x)]dx  5 ,
2
si that the area bounded by the curve y = f(x), x-axis

and the ordinates x =


4

and x =  > is
4
.B
    
then area between two curves for 0 < x < 2, is  sin   cos   2  . Then f   is-
 4   2
(A) 5 (B) 10
(C) 15 (D) 20    
(A)  4  2  1 (B)  4  2  1
   
G

17. Area enclosed by the curves y = nx, y = n |x| ;

y = |nx| and y = |n| x | | is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 4      
(C) 1  4  2  (D) 1  4  2 
@

(C) 8    
(D) cannot be determined
23. Suppose g(x) = 2x + 1 and h(x) = 4x2 + 4x + 5 and
18. Let y = g(x) be the inverse of a bijective mapping h(x) = (fog)(x). The area enclosed by the graph of
f : R → R f(x) = 3x3 + 2x. The area bounded by graph the function y = f(x) and the pair of tangents drawn
of g(x), the x-axis and the ordinate at x = 5 is to it from the origin, is
8 16
(A) (B)
5 7 3 3
(A) (B)
4 4 32
(C) (D) none
9 13 3
(C) (D)
4 4 24. Let f(x) = x2 + 6x + 1 and R denote the set of
points (x, y) in the coordinate plane such that
19. The value of 'a' (a > 0) for which the area bounded f(x) + f(y)  0 and f(x) – f(y)  0. The area of R is
x 1 equal to
by the curves y   , y = 0, x = a and x = (A) 16 (B) 12
6 x2
2a has the least value, is (C) 8 (D) 4

(A) 2 (B) 2
(C) 21/3 (D) 1

ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan
 Exercise AUC

25. A point P moves inside a tria ngle formed 30. The area (in sq. units) of the region {(x,y): y2 ≥ 2x
by A(0, 0), B(2, 2 3 ), C(4, 0) such tha t and x2 + y2  4x, x  0, y  0} is :
{min (PA, PB, PC)} = 2, then the area bounded [JEE-Main 2016]
by the curve traced by P is 8 4 2
(A)   (B)  
3 3 3
(A) 3 3 – (B) 4 3 – 2
2
 2 2 4
 (C)  (D)  
(C) 3– (D) 2  2 3 3
2
31. The area (in sq. units) of the region [(x, y) : x ≥ 0, x
26. The area bounded between the parabola
+ y  3, x2  4y and y  1 + x ] is :
2 y 2
x = and x = 9y and the straight line y = 2 is:
4 [JEE-Main 2017]
[AIEEE 2012] 59 3
(A) (B)
12 2
20 2
(A) (B) 10 2
3
7 5
(C) (D)

r
3 2
10 2
(C) 20 2 (D)

27.
3

The area (in square units) bounded by the curves

y= x , 2y – x + 3 = 0, x -axis, and lying in the first
si 32. The area of the figure bounded by the curves y = nx
& y = (nx)2 is -
(A) e + 1 (B) e – 1
.B
quadrant is: [JEE-Main 2013] (C) 3 – e (D) 1

27 33. The area bounded by the curve y = xe–x ; xy = 0 and

(A) 18 (B)
4
x = c, where c is the x-coordinate of the curve's
G

(C) 9 (4) 36
inflection point, is -
28. The area of the region described by (A) 1 – 3e–2 (B) 1 – 2e–2
A = {(x, y) : x2 + y2  1 and y2  1 – x} is : (C) 1 – e–2 (D) 1
@

[JEE-Main 2014]
34 The area enclosed by the curve y2 + x4 = x2 is -
π 4 π 4
(A) + (B) – 2 4
2 3 2 3 (A) (B)
3 3
π 2 π 2
(C) – (D) + 8 10
2 3 2 3 (C) (D)
3 3
29. The area (in sq. units) of the region described by 35. Consider the following regions in the plane :
{(x, y) : y2  2x and y  4x – 1} is R1 = {(x, y) : 0  x  1 and 0  y  1} and R2
[JEE-Main 2015] = {(x, y) : x2 + y2 4/3}
The area of the region R1  R2 can be expressed as
15 9
(A) (B) a 3  b
64 32 , where a and b are integers, then -
9
7 5 (A) a = 3 (B) a = 1
(C) (D)
32 64 (C) b = 2 (D) b = 3

ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan