Binomial

BINOMIAL
(1) Binomial Expression : An algebraic expression consisting of two different terms is
called a Binomial Expression.
1
e.g. (i) x + y (ii) x3 + x2 (iii) x2 +
x2
But x + 3x is not a binomial it is a monomial.
(2) Binomial Theorem : The formula by which any positive integral index (power) of a
binomial expression which can be expanded in the form of a series is known as Binomial
Theorem. (This theorem was given by Newton)

Historical Development:

r
(x + y)2 = (x + y)(x + y) = x2 + 2xy + y2
(x + y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3
Si
Earlier people used to multiply the brackets to expand the given binomial of known
index. Then came the Pascal's triangle.
(x + y)5 = x5 + x4y + x3y2 + x2y3 + xy4 + y5
.B
G
@

(3) Newton's Binomial Theorem Expansion:

(x + y)n = nC0xn + nC1xn – 1 · y + nC2xn – 2 · y2 +.....+ nCrxn – r · yr +.....+ nCn xn – n · yn
T1 = nC0 xn – 0 y0 ; T2 = nC1 xn – 1 y1 ........ etc
 General term in the expansion of
n
(x + y)n is Tr + 1 = Cr · x n  r · y r  To be remembered.

 Abbreviated form of Binomial theorem is

n
(x + y)n =  n C r ·x n r · y r
r0

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 Binomial

(4) Observations / General highlights of Binomial Theorem :

(i) Number of terms in the expansion of (x + y)n is (n + 1) i.e. one more than the index.
or we can also say it using beggar method n coins and 2 beggars.
 n + 1C  (n + 1) times.
1
Find the number of terms in the expansion of (x + y + z)8;
[Hint: 8 + 2C2 = 10C2 = 45 Ans. ]
(ii) Sum of the indices of 'x' and 'y' in each term in the expansion of (x + y)n is 'n'.
(iii) nC , nC , nC ,..........nCn are called binomial coefficients or combinatorial coefficients
0 1 2
and may be simply written as C0, C1, C2, ....... Cn.
(x + y)n = nC0 xn y0 + nC1 xn – 1 y + nC2 xn – 2 y2 + ...... + nCn xn – n yn.
Find the sum of all the combinatorial coefficient.
i.e. nC0 + nC1 + nC2 + ...... + nCn = 2n.
Put x = 1 and y = 1 to get sum of all the binomial coefficient.
In (x + 2y)2 find the sum of all the coefficients.
(x + 2y)2 = x2 + 4xy + 4y2

r
 sum of all coefficient = 1 + 4 + 4 = 9
we can also get it by putting x = y = 1
(1 + 2)2 = 9

Si
sum of all binomial coefficients in
(x + y)n = 2n  In this case sum of coefficient = sum of binomial coefficient.
.B
(iv) Binomial coefficients of the term equidistant from beginning and end are equal.
(v) coefficient of xr in the expansion of (1 + x)n is nCr and Tr + 1 = nCr xr
coefficient of (r + 1)th term = coefficient of xr = nCr in the expansion of (1 + x)n.
G


Find the coefficient of x6 in (1 + 3x + 3x2 + x3)15 = [(1 + x3]15 = (1 + x)45.
@

Purpose of Crash Course :

1. Finishing your unfinished sheet.
2. Quick Revision of all topics in chapter.
3. Target is Problems ; Not Good or Bad problems.
4. Giving mental training to keep time a prime focus.
5. Regaining Your Confidence.
6. Completing more than 1500 questions in just 40 - 45
days.
7. Covering all institutes Exercise 1 , 2 along with Past
Year problems

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 Binomial

(6) Important terms in Binomial expansion:

I. General Term: (Tr + 1)th term is called the general term.
Tr 1  n Cr · x n  r · y r
(A) Particular term :
(B) Term independent of x :
(C) Middle Term :
(D) General Problems :
(E) NUMERICALLY GREATEST TERM:
(F) BINOMIAL COEFFICIENT:
If C0, C1, C2, ...... Cn are combinatorial coefficient in the expansion of (1 + x)n : n  N
then

r
(i) (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + C3x3 + ........ + Cnxn

(ii)
Put x = 1


Put x = – 1
Si
sum of all the binomial coefficient in the expansion of (1 + x)n is 2n.
C0 + C1 + C2 + ........ + Cn = 2n
.B
C0 – C1 + C2 – C3 + ........ (–1)nCn = 0
 C0 + C2 + C4 + ....... = C1 + C3 + ......... = 2n – 1
G

Binomial theorem for any index (negative or fractional) i.e. n ∈ Q

|x|<1
n(n 1) 2 n(n 1)(n  2) 3
@

(i) (1 + x)n = 1 + nx + x  x  ........

2! 3!
n(n  1) 2 n(n  1)(n  2) 3
(ii) (1 + x)–n = 1 – nx + x  x  ........
2! 3!
n(n 1) 2 n(n 1)(n  2) 3
(iii) (1 – x)n = 1 – nx + x  x  ........
2! 3!
n(n  1) 2 n(n  1)(n  2) 3
(iv) (1 – x)–n = 1 + nx + x  x  ........
2! 3!

|x|<1
(1) (1 + x)–1 = 1 – x + x2 – x3 + ........... 
(2) (1 – x)–1 = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + ........... 
(3) (1 + x)–2 = 1 – 2x + 3x2 – 4x3 + ........... 
(4) (1 – x)–2 = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ................. 
(5) (1 + x)–3 = 1 – 3x + 6x2 – 10x3 ................... 
(2) (1 – x)–3 = 1 + 3x + 6x2 + 10x3 ................... 
 Binomial

1. If the coefficients of x7 & x8 in the expansion of 9. The remainder when 599 is divides by 13 is -
(A) 6 (B) 8
n
 x (C) 9 (D) 10
 2 + 3  are equal, then the value of n is

(A) 15 (B) 45 10. When 2301 is divided by 5, the least positive remain-
(C) 55 (D) 56 der is
7 7 (A) 4 (B) 8
1 1+ 4x+1  1– 4x+1  
2. 
The expression 4x+1   –   (C) 2 (D) 6
 2   2  


is a polynomial in x of degree
11. Find the values of x, for which 1/ ( 5  4x can

be expanded as infinite series.
(A) 7 (B) 5
(C) 4 (D) 3 5 5
9 (A) x < (B) x 
 3 x3  4 4
3. The middle term in the expansion of 2

6
 is-
 5
x  (C) x  (D) None
4
189 2 21 7 189 2 21 7
(A) x, x (B) x ,– x
8 16 8 16

189 2 21 7 12. Number of terms free from radical sign in the

(C) – x ,– x (D) None of these

r
8 16 expansion of (1 + 31/3 + 71/7)10 is
n
 2 1 (A) 4 (B) 5
4. If the middle term in the expansion of  x   is

924 x6, then n =

(A) 10
(C) 14
(B) 12
(D) None
 x
Si 13.
(C) 6 (D) 8

The co-efficient of x401 in the expansion of

(1 + x + x2 + ........+x9)–1, (|x| < 1) is
.B
5. The middle term in the expansion of (A) 1 (B) –1
(1 – 3x + 3x2 – x3)6 is - (C) 2 (D) – 2
(A) 18C10x10 (B) 18C9(–x)9 14. Find n, if the ratio of the fifth term form the
18
(C) C9 x 9 (D) – 18C10 x10 beginning to the fifth term from the end in the ex-
G

3n n
6. The greatest terms of the expansion (2x + 5y)13 4 1 
pansion of  2  4  is 6 :1
when x = 10, y = 2 is  3
(A) 9 (B) 10
@

(A) 13C5. 208. 105 (B) 13C6. 207. 104

(C) 11 (D) 12
(C) 13C4. 209. 104 (D) none of these
n
15. find the coefficient of x4 in the expansion of
 1 (x/2 – 3/x2)10.
7. The sum of the binomial coefficients of  2 x+ x  405 405
(A) (B)
202 206
is equal to 256. The constant term in the expansion
403
is (C) (D) None of These
202
(A) 1120 (B) 2110 11

16.
  1 
If the coefficient of x7 in ax 2 +    equals the
(C) 1210 (D) none
  bx  
8. Set of values of r for which, 11
 1 
18
Cr – 2 + 2.18Cr – 1 + 18Cr  20C13 contains coefficient ofx–7 in  ax-  2   , then a and b
  bx  
(A) 4 elements (B) 5 elements
satisfy the relation -
(C) 7 elements (D) 10 elements (A) a – b = 1 (B) a + b = 1
a
(C) =1 (D) ab = 1
b

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 Binomial

17. The coefficient of the middle term in the 23 In the expansion of (1 + x)n (1 + y)n (1 + z)n, the
binomial expansion in powers of x of (1+ x)4 and sum of the co-efficients of the terms of degree 'r' is
of (1– x)6 is the same if  equals-
(A) n3
Cr (B) n C r3
5 10
(A) – (B)
3 3 (C) 3n
Cr (D) 3. 2n
Cr
3 3
(C) – (D)
10 5 24. The co-efficient of x4 in the expansion of
1 
10 (1 – x + 2x2)12 is
3 
18. The middle term in the expansion of  x   is- (A) 12C3 (B) 13C3
 x3 
(C) C4
14
(D) 12C3 + 3 13C3 + 14C4
(A) 252 (B) – 252
(C) 210 (D) – 210 25. Prove that the coefficient of xr in the expansion
of (1–2x)–1/2 is
19. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of
 3x 2 1 
9 2r  2r !
(1 + x + 2x3) - (A) 2r  r! (B) 2r r!
  .  
 2 3x 
24 17
 2r !

r
(A) (B)
9 54 (C) 2r r! 2 (D) None
 

20.
(C)
27
4
(D) None
Prove that the ratio of the coefficient of x10 in
 2
10
Si 26. Find the sum 1   

(A)
1
1 1 3

13 5
8 8 16 8 16 24

(B)
2
 ....

(1 – x2)10 & the term independent of x in  x- is 5 5

x 
.B

1 : 32.
3 2
1 1 (C) (D)
(A) (B) 5 5
6 4
27. In the expansion, powers of x in the function
G

1
(C) (D) None
32
1
2 3
n (1 – ax)(1 – bx) is a0 + a1x + a2x + a3x + ...,
x 2
21. Find the index n of the binomial  +  if the 9th
@

 5 5 then an is equal to
term of the expansion has numerically the greatest
coefficient (n  N). a n – bn a n +1 – b n +1
(A) (B)
b–a a –b
(A) 11 (B) 12
(C) 13 (D) None
b n +1 – a n +1 bn – a n
(C) (D)
b–a b–a
22. For which positive values of x is the fourth term in
the expansion of (5 + 3x)10 is the greatest. 28. Let ( 5 + 2 6  = p + f where n  N and p  N and
n

 5 20     20  0 < f < 1 then the value, f2 – f + pf – p is

(A) x   8 , 21  (B) x   –      2 1 ,  
      (A) a natural number (B) a negative integer
(C) a prime number (D) An irrational Number
 5 20 
(C) x   8 , 21  (D) None
 

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 Binomial
r
3.5...(2r 1) 1  34. If n is an positive integer, then
29. If (r +1)th term is r!
  , then this is the
5
2n 2n
term of binomial expansion-  3 +1  -  3 -1  is :
1/ 2 1/ 2
 2  2 [JEE-MAIN 2013]
(A) 1   (B) 1  
 5  5 (A) an even positive integer
1/ 2 1/ 2 (B) A rational number other than positive integers
 2  2
(C) 1  (D) 1   (C) an irrational number
 5  5
(D) An odd positive integer
30. In the binomial expansion of (a - b) n, n ≥ 5, the sum
of 5th and 6th terms is zero, then a equals- 35. If the coefficients of x3 and x4 in the expansion of
b (1 + ax + bx2) (1 – 2x)18 in powers of x are both
zero, then (a, b) is equal to :
5 6
(A) n  4 (B) n 5 [AIEEE 2007] [JEE-MAIN 2014]

 251   272 
(A)  16,  (B)  14, 
n 5 n4  3   3 
(C) (D)
6 5
 251   272 
31. The sum of the series (C)  14,  (D)  16, 
3  3 

r
 
20 C – 20C + 20C – 20C +…-. + 20 C is-
0 1 2 3 10
(
(A) – 20 C
10 (B)
1 20
2
C10 [AIEEE 2007]
Si 36. T he v al ue of


is :
21
21
C1 10 C1    21 C 2 10 C 2 

C3 10 C3    21 C 4 10 C 4  + ....+  21

C10 10 C10 
[JEE-MAIN 2017]
+

(C) 0 (D) 20 C
10 (A) 221 – 211 (B) 2 – 2 21 10
.B
32. The remainder left out when 82n –(62)2n+1 is divided 37 (C) 220 – 29 (D) 220 – 210
by 9 is -
[AIEEE-2009] If the coefficients of x7 & x8 in the expansion of
G

n
(A) 0 (B) 2  x
2  3  are equal , then the value of n is -
(C) 7 (D) 8  
@

10
10
(A) 15 (B) 45
33. Let S1 =  j(j - 1) Cj , S2 = j C j and
10

10
10
j= 1

(C) 55 (D) 56
j=1
n
10  1
2 10 38 The sum of the binomial coefficients of 2 x  
S3 = jj=1
Cj . 
is equal to 256 . The constant term in the
x

expansion is -
[AIEEE-2010]
Statement - 1 : S3 = 55 × 29. (A) 1120 (B) 2110
Statement - 2 : Sj = 90 × 28 and S2 = 10 × 28 . (C) 1210 (D) none
(A) Statement (1) is true and statement (2) is true
a nd sta tement (2) is correct ex planation for
Statement (1)
(B) Statement (1) is true and statement (2) is true
and statement (2) is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement (1)
(C) Statement (1) is true but (2) is false
(D) Statement (1) is false but (2) is true

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 Binomial

39. The sum of the co efficients in the expansion of (1- 42. If ‘a’ be the sum of the odd terms & ‘b’ be the sum of
2x + 5x2)n is ' a ' and the sum of the coefficients in the even terms in the expansion of (1 + x)n , then
the expansion of (1 + x)2n is b . Then - (1  x²)n is equal to -

(A) a = b (B) a = b2 (A) a²  b² (B) a² + b²

(C) a2 = b (D) ab = 1 (C) b²  a² (D) none
43 The greatest terms of the expansion (2x + 5y)13 when
0. The expression
x = 10, y = 2 is -
 1  4 x 1 7 1  4 x 1 7 
1 (A) 13
C5 . 208 . 105 (B) 13C6 . 207 . 104
     is a
4 x 1   2 
 
 2   (C) 13
C4 . 209 . 104 (D) none of these

polynomial in x of degree -
44. Number of rational terms in the expansion of
(A) 7 (B) 5 100
(C) 4 (D) 3  2 43  is -
(A) 25 (B) 26
41. The term independent of x in the product
(C) 27 (D) 28
11
 3
(4  x  7 x 2 ) x   is -  47  5  5 2  j   x  x
x 45         , then y =

r

 4  j1  3   y 
(A) 7.11C6 (B) 36. 11C6
(C) 35. 11C5 (D) –12. 211 Si (A) 11
(C) 13
(B) 12
(D) 14

46.
.B
Set of values of r for which,
18
Cr  2 + 2 . 18Cr  1 + 18Cr  20C13 contains -
(A) 4 elements (B) 5 elements
(C) 7 elements (D) 10 elements
G

Purpose of Crash Course :

@

1. Finishing your unfinished sheet.

2. Quick Revision of all topics in chapter.
3. Target is Problems ; Not Good or Bad problems.
4. Giving mental training to keep time a prime focus.
5. Regaining Your Confidence.
6. Completing more than 1500 questions in just 40 - 45
days.
7. Covering all institutes Exercise 1 , 2 along with Past
Year problems

ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan
 ANSWER KEY

MOD
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. C
8. B 9. A 10. C 11. C 12. C 13. D 14. C
15. D 16. B 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. C 21. C
22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A
29. C 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. B
36. B 37. A

Sequence & Series

1. D 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. B
13. C 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. A 23. A 24. A
25. A 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. D 31. B 32 B 33. A 34. D 35. C 36. D
37. A 38. 0 39. 7 40. D 41. C 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. A 46. D 47. B

Binomial Theorem

r
1.
8.
15.
C
C
B
2.
9.
16.
B
D

D
3.
10.
17.
B
C
C
4.

11.
18.
Si B

B
B
5.
12.
19.
B
B
D 6.
13.

20.
C
B

C
7.
14.

21.
A
B

B
25. C 26. D 27. B 28. B
22. C 23. C 24. D
.B
31. B 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
29. B 30. D
36. D 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. D 41. B 42. A
43. D 44. B 45. C 46 C
G
@

Purpose of Crash Course :

1. Finishing your unfinished sheet.
2. Quick Revision of all topics in chapter.
3. Target is Problems ; Not Good or Bad problems.
4. Giving mental training to keep time a prime focus.
5. Regaining Your Confidence.
6. Completing more than 1500 questions in just 40 - 45
days.
7. Covering all institutes Exercise 1 , 2 along with Past
Year problems