ASSIGNMENT 2

1. Define IDE and explain its working principle

INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT TOOLS

Integrated Development Environment software provides an interface to write code

facilitating application development. IDEs provide programmers with tools to
design, build, test, and debug software programs in a graphical user interface
(GUI). The user can write and edit source code in the code editor. The compiler in
the IDEs translates the source code into an executable language for the computer .

EDITOR

• The first tool you need for Embedded Systems Software DevelopmentTools
is a
 text editor.
• This is where you write the code for your embedded system.
• The code is written in some programming language. The most
commonlyused
 language is C or C++.
• The code written in the editor is also referred to as source code.

COMPILER

 The second among Embedded Systems Software DevelopmentTools is a

 compiler.
  A compiler is used when you are done with the editing part andmade a
 source code.
 The function of compiler is to convert the source code into objectcode.
 Object code is understandable by computers as it is a low levelprogramming
 language.
 So we can say that a compiler is used to convert a high level languagecode
into
 low level programming language.

LINKER

 A linker is a computer program that combines one or more object code

filesand library
 files together in to executable program.
 It is very common practice to write larger programs in to small parts
andmodules to
 make job easy and to use libraries in your program.
 All these parts must be combined into a single file for execution, so
thisfunction

ASSEMBLER

 The function of an assembler is to convert a code written in

assemblylanguage
 into machine language.

 assembler.
 We all know that our computer understands binary and it works on
0or 1, so itis important to convert the code into machine
language.requires a linker.

2. Elaborate the working details of IOT architecture.

Architecture layers of IoT

There are three layers in IoT system architecture. No. of layers and

implementation of IoT systems may differ as per requirement. Generally,

we can define IoT system architecture using these three layers.

• Physical Layer

Physical Layer consists of the three kinds of devices. First is Access system,this
system can have different sensors and RF ID systems to collect rawdata. Second is
Internet Devices, these devices are mainly used forcommunication. And last is
Transmission Line, it consists of all the highend communication devices such as
satellites, transmission hubs and datanetworks. Main purpose of Physical layer is to
collect data and transfer itto proper cloud based applications and database
application.

Application Layer
Application layer is the topmost layer of IoT architecture which doeseffective utilization of the data
collected. These applications mainly workon information for rendering them in more meaningful
manner. This layerprovides IoT services. Application Layer is responsible for securinginformation and
data. Certain situations require immediate responses. Thislayer helps to do that by extracting
information, managing the date flow and abstracting date.

3. Explain in detail about the operation of Raspberry Pi.

The Raspberry Pi Computer:

It may not look much like the computers you are used to, but this is because we
areaccustomed to seeing a computer in a case, with a monitor, keyboard and
mouseattached.

The Raspberry Pi comes without any of these peripheral input, output and storage
devices. It is known as a single board computer, and the fact that it comes without
any additional peripherals, and uses hardware components more usually found in
mobile phones and tablets, means it can be sold for as little as $35.
The Raspberry Pi has several ports that enable you to connect a variety of devices.
Input devices let you send data to a computer. The two most common input
devicesare a keyboard and a mouse. You can plug a USB keyboard and mouse into
two of the four

USB ports on the Raspberry Pi.

Output devices let the computer send data to a user. Two of the most common
output devices are a monitor and speakers. You can connect an HDMI monitor or
television tothe Raspberry Pi using the single HDMI port. If you don’t have an
HDMI monitor, then you’ll need to use an adaptor. You can connect speakers or
headphones to the Raspberry Pi using the 3.5mm headphone port.

Storage devices are used to store data. On most computers this would be handled
by a hard drive. Most modern computers, tablets and mobile phones now use Solid
Statestorage devices. The Raspberry Pi uses a type of Solid State storage device
called a microSD card. This will be used to store the Operating System, your
software, and all the files you create.

The last thing you’ll need to do is provide your Raspberry Pi with power. For this,
we use a micro-USB power supply.

RASPBERRY PI INTERFACES
 There are many peripherals that can be added to a microprocessor over the I2C
and SPI serial interfaces. These include atmospheric sensors, EEPROMS, and
several types of display

This tutorial will walk you through getting the I2C and SPI interfaces of your
Raspberry Pi working. These interfaces aren't enabled by default, and need some
extra configuration before you can use them.

Background & Software Setup

The Raspberry Pi has three types of serial interface on the GPIO header. You're
probablyalready familiar with the UART serial port, which allows you to open a
login session froma serial terminal application, such as PuTTY.

The other two serial interfaces are the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) and Inter-
Integrated-Circuit bus (I2C). SPI on the Pi allows for up to two attached
devices,while I2C potentially allows for many devices, as long as their addresses
don't conflict.

Software Details

The software landscape for the Raspberry Pi has evolved considerably since the
introduction of the Pi. Many different operating systems have been ported to the Pi,
and the device driver infrastructure has also changed quite a bit.

For this tutorial, we'll be using a recent version of Raspbian (installed via
NOOBS), andthe wiringPi I/O library for C/C++ (or spidev/smbus for Python).

• With the implementation of device tree overlays in Raspbian, some of the

specific interface enablement details have changed. If you're working with an older
install, it might be worth backing up your SD card, and starting with a fresh
install.

SPI on Pi Configuration

The SPI peripheral is not turned on by default. There are two methods to adjust the
settings. To enable it, do the following.

Raspberry Pi Configuration via Desktop GUI

You can use the Desktop GUI by heading to the Pi Start Menu > Preferences >
Raspberry

A window will pop up with different tabs to adjust settings. What we are interested
is the Interfaces tab. Click on the tab and select Enable for SPI. At this point, you
can enable additional interfaces depending on your project needs. Click on the OK
button to same.

We recommend restarting your Pi to ensure that the changes to take effect. Click
on the Pi Start Menu > Preferences > Shutdown. Since we just need to restart, click
on the Restart button.

4. Case studies-Diabetes Patient for health care monitoring.

• History: A 55 year old lady, presents with excessive thirst since 4 days. She has
bilateral knee pain. She has no other symptoms.

Examination: Height is 156 cm and the weight is 80 kg. Examination indicates a

blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg. Heart rate is 80 /min. There are no other
significant findings.

Tests: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FBG) - 142 mg/dl, Post-prandial plasma glucose
(PPPG) – 258 mg/dl, HbA1c - 8.1 %
Diagnosis: Type 2 Diabetes with Obesity (BMI: 32.87) Management

Diabetes awareness

 Diet control- reduce refined carbohydrate intake, reduce oil intake, consume
at least two servings of vegetables per day
 Physical Activity
 Walking 30 minutes per day for 5 days or equivalent
 Yoga / resistance exercises 2 days/ week
 Tab Metformin 500mg twice daily
 Screening for diabetes related complication

Explanation

 Recently diagnosed diabetes and obesity

 Diet and exercise to reduce weight would be the first step.
 Metformin therapy is indicated to control blood glucose level
 As diabetes is often diagnosed after a delay, routine screening for both
microvascular complications and cardiovascular complications should be
started at the time of diagnosis itself.

5. Discuss any one applications of health care monitored based system.

IoT Applications in Healthcare

According to reports submitted by P&S Market Research, there will be a

compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 37.6 percent in the healthcare Internet of
Things (IoT) industry between 2015 and 2020. If one thing is certain, IoT has
transformed healthcare in a variety of ways over the past several years and will
continue to do so for years to come.Here are the IoT applications in healthcare
everyone needs to know about.
Implantable Glucose Monitoring Systems:
Patients who suffer from diabetes can have devices with sensors implanted in
them, just below their skin. The sensors in the devices will send information to a
patient’s mobile phone when his or her glucose levels get too low and will record
historical data for them too. This way, patients will also be able to tell when they
are most likely to be at risk for low glucose levels in the future, as well as in the
present.

Activity Trackers During Cancer Treatment

Usually the right treatment for a cancer patient relies on more than just his or her
weight and age. Their lifestyles and fitness levels also play a huge role in what the
proper treatment plan for them will entail. Activity trackers track a patient’s
movements, fatigue levels, appetite, etc. Plus, the data collected from the tracker
prior to treatment and after treatment has started will tell healthcare professionals
what adjustments need to be made to the recommended treatment plan.

Heart Monitors with Reporting

Patients can wear devices that monitor their heart rates, and that can determine
whether they have high blood pressure. Healthcare providers will have access to
reporting of patient’s heart monitor data when they need to pull it during checkups
and exams. The wearable devices can even alert healthcare professionals when
patients are experiencing arrhythmias, palpitations, strokes, or full-blown heart
attacks. Ambulances can then be dispatched in a timely fashion, which can be the
difference between life and death.

Medical Alert Systems

Individuals can wear something that looks like jewelry but is designed to alert
family members or friends in case of an emergency. For instance, if an individual
is wearing a medical alert bracelet and fell out of bed in the middle of the night, the
people they designate to help in the case of an emergency would be immediately
notified on their smartphones that their help was needed.