Python

Uploaded by

harry potter

Available Formats

Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

15 views

Python

Uploaded by

harry potter

Available Formats

Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 4

indexmodules |next |previous |python logo Python »

English

3.12.1
3.12.1 Documentation » The Python Tutorial
Quick search
|Theme
Auto
|
The Python Tutorial
Python is an easy to learn, powerful programming language. It has efficient high-
level data structures and a simple but effective approach to object-oriented
programming. Python’s elegant syntax and dynamic typing, together with its
interpreted nature, make it an ideal language for scripting and rapid application
development in many areas on most platforms.

The Python interpreter and the extensive standard library are freely available in
source or binary form for all major platforms from the Python web site,
https://www.python.org/, and may be freely distributed. The same site also contains
distributions of and pointers to many free third party Python modules, programs and
tools, and additional documentation.

The Python interpreter is easily extended with new functions and data types
implemented in C or C++ (or other languages callable from C). Python is also
suitable as an extension language for customizable applications.

This tutorial introduces the reader informally to the basic concepts and features
of the Python language and system. It helps to have a Python interpreter handy for
hands-on experience, but all examples are self-contained, so the tutorial can be
read off-line as well.

For a description of standard objects and modules, see The Python Standard Library.
The Python Language Reference gives a more formal definition of the language. To
write extensions in C or C++, read Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter
and Python/C API Reference Manual. There are also several books covering Python in
depth.

This tutorial does not attempt to be comprehensive and cover every single feature,
or even every commonly used feature. Instead, it introduces many of Python’s most
noteworthy features, and will give you a good idea of the language’s flavor and
style. After reading it, you will be able to read and write Python modules and
programs, and you will be ready to learn more about the various Python library
modules described in The Python Standard Library.

The Glossary is also worth going through.

1. Whetting Your Appetite

2. Using the Python Interpreter
2.1. Invoking the Interpreter
2.1.1. Argument Passing
2.1.2. Interactive Mode
2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment
2.2.1. Source Code Encoding
3. An Informal Introduction to Python
3.1. Using Python as a Calculator
3.1.1. Numbers
3.1.2. Text
3.1.3. Lists
3.2. First Steps Towards Programming
4. More Control Flow Tools
4.1. if Statements
4.2. for Statements
4.3. The range() Function
4.4. break and continue Statements, and else Clauses on Loops
4.5. pass Statements
4.6. match Statements
4.7. Defining Functions
4.8. More on Defining Functions
4.8.1. Default Argument Values
4.8.2. Keyword Arguments
4.8.3. Special parameters
4.8.3.1. Positional-or-Keyword Arguments
4.8.3.2. Positional-Only Parameters
4.8.3.3. Keyword-Only Arguments
4.8.3.4. Function Examples
4.8.3.5. Recap
4.8.4. Arbitrary Argument Lists
4.8.5. Unpacking Argument Lists
4.8.6. Lambda Expressions
4.8.7. Documentation Strings
4.8.8. Function Annotations
4.9. Intermezzo: Coding Style
5. Data Structures
5.1. More on Lists
5.1.1. Using Lists as Stacks
5.1.2. Using Lists as Queues
5.1.3. List Comprehensions
5.1.4. Nested List Comprehensions
5.2. The del statement
5.3. Tuples and Sequences
5.4. Sets
5.5. Dictionaries
5.6. Looping Techniques
5.7. More on Conditions
5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types
6. Modules
6.1. More on Modules
6.1.1. Executing modules as scripts
6.1.2. The Module Search Path
6.1.3. “Compiled” Python files
6.2. Standard Modules
6.3. The dir() Function
6.4. Packages
6.4.1. Importing * From a Package
6.4.2. Intra-package References
6.4.3. Packages in Multiple Directories
7. Input and Output
7.1. Fancier Output Formatting
7.1.1. Formatted String Literals
7.1.2. The String format() Method
7.1.3. Manual String Formatting
7.1.4. Old string formatting
7.2. Reading and Writing Files
7.2.1. Methods of File Objects
7.2.2. Saving structured data with json
8. Errors and Exceptions
8.1. Syntax Errors
8.2. Exceptions
8.3. Handling Exceptions
8.4. Raising Exceptions
8.5. Exception Chaining
8.6. User-defined Exceptions
8.7. Defining Clean-up Actions
8.8. Predefined Clean-up Actions
8.9. Raising and Handling Multiple Unrelated Exceptions
8.10. Enriching Exceptions with Notes
9. Classes
9.1. A Word About Names and Objects
9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces
9.2.1. Scopes and Namespaces Example
9.3. A First Look at Classes
9.3.1. Class Definition Syntax
9.3.2. Class Objects
9.3.3. Instance Objects
9.3.4. Method Objects
9.3.5. Class and Instance Variables
9.4. Random Remarks
9.5. Inheritance
9.5.1. Multiple Inheritance
9.6. Private Variables
9.7. Odds and Ends
9.8. Iterators
9.9. Generators
9.10. Generator Expressions
10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library
10.1. Operating System Interface
10.2. File Wildcards
10.3. Command Line Arguments
10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination
10.5. String Pattern Matching
10.6. Mathematics
10.7. Internet Access
10.8. Dates and Times
10.9. Data Compression
10.10. Performance Measurement
10.11. Quality Control
10.12. Batteries Included
11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II
11.1. Output Formatting
11.2. Templating
11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts
11.4. Multi-threading
11.5. Logging
11.6. Weak References
11.7. Tools for Working with Lists
11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic
12. Virtual Environments and Packages
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Creating Virtual Environments
12.3. Managing Packages with pip
13. What Now?
14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
14.1. Tab Completion and History Editing
14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter
15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations
15.1. Representation Error
16. Appendix
16.1. Interactive Mode
16.1.1. Error Handling
16.1.2. Executable Python Scripts
16.1.3. The Interactive Startup File
16.1.4. The Customization Modules
Previous topic
Changelog

Next topic
1. Whetting Your Appetite

This Page
Report a Bug
Show Source
«
indexmodules |next |previous |python logo Python »

English

3.12.1
3.12.1 Documentation » The Python Tutorial
Quick search
|Theme
Auto
|
© Copyright 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation.
This page is licensed under the Python Software Foundation License Version 2.
Examples, recipes, and other code in the documentation are additionally licensed
under the Zero Clause BSD License.
See History and License for more information.