Project report

Decision Trees in Machine Learning

Decision trees are a type of machine learning algorithm that can be used for both
classification and regression tasks. They are a supervised learning algorithm, which means
that they need to be trained on a labeled dataset in order to make predictions on new data.

Decision trees work by building a tree-like structure that represents the different possible
decisions that can be made to solve a problem. Each node in the tree represents a decision,
and each branch represents a possible outcome of that decision. The leaves of the tree
represent the final predictions of the model.

To train a decision tree, the algorithm starts by splitting the training dataset into two subsets
based on the value of a single feature. This is done recursively until all of the data points in
each subset belong to the same class or until a certain stopping criterion is met.

Once the decision tree is trained, it can be used to make predictions on new data points. To
do this, the algorithm starts at the root node of the tree and follows the branches based on
the values of the features in the new data point. When the algorithm reaches a leaf node, it
predicts the class of the new data point.

Decision trees are a popular machine learning algorithm because they are easy to interpret
and understand. They are also relatively efficient to train and predict with.

Decision Trees for Image Classification

Decision trees can be used for image classification by extracting features from the images
and using those features as attributes in the decision tree. Some common image features
include:

● Color features: These features can represent the average color of the image, the
distribution of colors in the image, or the presence of certain colors in the image.
● Texture features: These features can represent the roughness, smoothness, or
regularity of the texture in the image.
● Shape features: These features can represent the size, shape, or orientation of objects
in the image.

Once the features have been extracted from the images, they can be used to train a
decision tree classifier. The classifier will learn to make predictions about the class of an
image based on the values of its features.
Example

Here is an example of a decision tree classifier for image classification:

Root:
If (average color of image is red):
Class: Apple
Else:
If (texture of image is smooth):
Class: Orange
Else:
Class: Banana

This classifier would first check the average color of the image. If the average color is red,
the classifier would predict that the image is an apple. Otherwise, the classifier would check
the texture of the image. If the texture is smooth, the classifier would predict that the image
is an orange. Otherwise, the classifier would predict that the image is a banana.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Decision Trees for Image

Decision trees have several advantages for image classification:

● They are easy to interpret and understand.

However, decision trees also have some disadvantages:

● They can be overfitting, especially if the training dataset is small.

Conclusion

Decision trees are a powerful and versatile machine learning algorithm that can be used for
a variety of tasks, including image classification. They are easy to interpret and understand,
and they can be used to classify images with a wide variety of features. However, it is
important to be aware of the potential disadvantages of decision trees, such as overfitting
and sensitivity to the order in which the features are split.