Senior High School

Introduction
to the Philosophy
of the Human Person
Quarter 1 – Module 3.1
The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit
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i
 Senior High School

Introduction
to the Philosophy
of the Human Person
Quarter 1 – Module 3.1
The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, Self-

Learning Module on The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help

you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, Self-

Learning Module on The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled
to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

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This module has the following parts:

Activity : This will bring understanding to what you already know

and experience to what you should learn further.

Analysis : In this phase, you will process and classify what is valid
and not for a more in-depth understanding.

Abstraction : This part leads you in reinforcing what you know and
should know more. Exercises are presented for
independent practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic.

Application : This stage brings you to a more practical way that you are
going to use what you have learned and think new ways
on how it can be improved further.

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 CONTENTS OF THE MODULE
Page
Content Standard 1
Performance Standard 1
Learning Competency 1
Learning Objectives 1

LEARNING TASKS

Day Learning Task

1 Introduction 1-6
Pre-Test
Review of the Previous Module
Presentation of the New Module
Activity
2 Analysis 6-10
Abstraction
Exercise
Application
Answer Key
References 11-12

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 Lesson 3: The Human Person
as an Embodied Spirit
CONTENT STANDARD
The learner understands the human person as an embodied spirit

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner distinguishes his/her own limitations and the possibilities for his/her
transcendence

LEARNING COMPETENCY
Recognize own limitations and possibilities (PPT11/12-If-3.1)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Recognize one’s limitations and possibilities.
2. Explain how embodiment defines them as persons.
3. Appreciate that human persons possess a body and spirit.

INTRODUCTION

Philosophers consider the human person as defined by the union of the body
and the spirit. The body and the spirit are not only united, but they are integrated with
each other. Embodiment enables us to do and experience all the things that make us
human persons. How are the body and spirit related? Science: Love is a result of
various biological reactions associated with an increase in hormones, which may have
certain effects on the body. Philosophy: human persons do not love just with the heart
or the brain. We love another person with our entire being. Embodiment is the one
thing that enables us to feel love and love others.

The human body stands as the mediator between the material world and the
spiritual world. Being an embodied spirit, the person is able to encounter the world of
objects (and other personal subjects) in a manner that transcends the physical. This
feature allows him to form intimate relationships with those outside him. Human
embodiment allows persons to attach certain feelings or ideas not only to people but
also to objects (i.e. pair of shoes as a present from a loved one).

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PRE-TEST

As part of your initial activity, you will be challenged to test your knowledge on the
topic. To assess what you already know about The Human Person as an Embodied
Spirit, answer the question below.

Directions: Read and understand each statement and write the letter of the correct
answer

_____1. What do you call the capacity of the human to choose a course of action from
various alternatives?
A. Choice
B. Decision-Making
C. Free Will
D. Being indecisive

______2. Who is the philosopher believed that the human spirit/soul is composed of:
logos, thymos and Eros?
A. Aristotle
B. Avicenna
C. Plato
D. Socrates

_____3. Who is the founder of Phenomenology?

A. Edmund Husserl
B. Gabriel Marcel
C. Immanuel Kant
D. Jean-Paul Sarte

_____4. In Buddhism, what is the state of being free from all forms of bondage and
attachments?
A. Jiva
B. Moksha
C. Naraka
D. Nirvana

_____5. What is in our human nature that enables us to become persons?

A. Dignity
B. Externality
C. Spirit
D. Self-Awareness

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_____6. How does the capability of persons make choices and decisions based on
their own preferences?
A. Mind
B. Reason
C. Critical Thinking
D. Self-Determination

_____7. What is the highest level of existence according to St. Augustine?

A. God
B. Pope
C. Eternal truth
D. Rational being

_____8. What is the most important primary value in Hinduism?

A. Duty
B. Enlightenment
C. Goodness
D. Love

_____9. What do you call the limits that allow us to surpass what? Please specify
A. Freedom
B. Love
C. Transcendence
D. Truth

_____10. Which philosopher that believed that for there’s to be a body, there must
first be a soul. But souls can exist without the body?
A. Aristotle
B. Buddha
C. St. Augustine
D. St. Thomas Aquinas

_____11. What is Aristotle's De Anima belief?

A. He believed that the soul is what gives the body life and movement.
B. Man is composed of spiritual and corporeal substance.
C. Believed that the soul is the first actuality of the body, for there to be
a body, there must first be a soul.
D. The soul is incorruptible for it is impossible for a substance like the
soul which has existence "per se" (as it is) to be generated or
corrupted accidentally.

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_____12. Rephrase question, make it into a why question?
A. No, because man is strong, man is an island.
B. Yes, because man needs another to do his tasks.
C. No, because man is independent and doesn’t need validation.
D. Yes, because man is a social being and is not made to be alone.

_____13. What situation defines dignity?

A. Being mentally challenged makes you less of a person.
B. A police officer killed a pregnant woman in jail is not human.
C. A criminal who raped and killed his own daughter is still human.
D. Jane, who had her leg amputated is less of a human because she
has fewer appendages than a normal person.

_____14. This refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including
his/her thoughts, emotions, identity and actions.
A. Conscience
B. Morality
C. Rationality
D. Self-Awareness

_____15. If your teacher asks you to stand up, and you do, then who made you stand
up?
A. God made me do it.
B. The teacher, she instructed me to do so.
C. Myself, my free will enables us to do actions of our own will.
D. Both me and the teacher, I believe that both are the reasons to why
I stood up.

REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS MODULE

In the previous lesson, it was discussed how the human being possessed
reason and used it when making decisions or to influence the decisions of others or
engaging in an argument. The lesson presented the general principles involved in
reasoning in arriving at truth.

The lesson also discussed that methods in philosophizing should not be taken
for granted for it helps determine logical reasoning or fallacious ones. Finally, the
chapter taught that through logic and other methods of reasoning, students are trained
in various techniques or assumptions and implications.

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PRESENTATION OF THE NEW MODULE

THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT

In this section, the learner is expected to understand the human person as an

embodied spirit as well as distinguish his /her own limitations. Know about the body
and the spirit. How spirit stays in our body? What is his significance to human
generations? Can we live without spirit?

We try to answer these questions as we go along this module.

TRANSCENDENCE IN PHILOSOPHY

In philosophy, ”transcendence” conveys that the basic ground concept from

the word's literal meaning (from Latin), of climbing or going beyond, albeit with varying
connotations in its different historical and cultural stages. It includes philosophies,
systems, and approaches that describe the fundamental structures of being, not as an
ontology (theory of being), but as the framework of emergence and validation of
knowledge of being. "Transcendental" is a word derived from the scholastic,
designating the extra-categorical attributes of beings.

In religion, transcendence refers to the aspect of God's nature and power which
is wholly independent of the material universe, beyond all physical laws. This is
contrasted with immanence, where a god is said to be fully present in the physical
world and thus accessible to creatures in various ways. In religious experience
transcendence is a state of being that has overcome the limitations of physical
existence and by some definitions has also become independent of it. This is typically
manifested in prayer, séance, meditation, psychedelics and paranormal "visions.

Transcendence can be attributed to the divine not only in its being, but also in
its knowledge. Thus, God may transcend both the universe and knowledge (is beyond
the grasp of the human mind).

Although transcendence is defined as the opposite of immanence, the two are

not necessarily mutually exclusive. Some theologians and metaphysicians of various
religious traditions affirm that a god is both within and beyond the universe
(panentheism); in it, but not of it; simultaneously pervading it and surpassing.

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ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 1: Answer the following questions in your notebook

MY TREE OF LIFE

1. Talk about your favorite fruit-bearing tree. Write in your notebook the reason
why you choose that tree and how the different parts of the tree help you.
2. For a few minutes, think about how you like a tree. Then draw a large leafless
tree with many branches. Highlight the roots. This tree symbolizes you.
3. Label your tree, thus;

a. On each root, write your potentials/assets/strength.

b. On each branch write your goals/dreams/aspirations.
c. On each fruit write your accomplishments/achievements.

ANALYSIS

Write your answers in your notebook.

1. Describe the taste of water.

2. Describe the color blue to a blind person.
3. How will you describe how wonderful the world is to a blind person?

The above exercises are difficult if not impossible to do. Why? “The human
person has limits.

ABSTRACTION

RECOGNIZE THE HUMAN BODY IMPOSES LIMITS AND POSSIBILITIES

FOR TRANSCENDENCE

Three main spiritual philosophies:

A. HINDUISM: Reincarnation and Karma

Essential Hinduism is based on the belief in karma and has its first literary
expression in Upanishads. Everything in this life is a consequence of actions
performed in previous existence. For the Jains, there is nothing mightier in the world
than karma; karma tramples down all powers.
The Au is the root of the universe and everything that exists and it continues to hold
everything together.

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Hinduism

At the heart of Hinduism lies the idea of human beings' quest for absolute truth,
so that one's soul and the Brahman or Atman (Absolute Soul) might become one.

HINDUISM Human beings have a dual nature:

1. One is the spiritual and immortal essence (soul)

2. Empirical life and character.

Figure 1. God of Hindu

B. BUDDHISM: Nirvana

Nirvana means the state in which one is absolutely free from all forms of
bondage and attachment. It means to overcome and remove the cause of suffering. It
is also who is unencumbered from all the fetters that bind a human being in existence.

The Buddha's silence is due to his awareness that nirvana is a state that
transcends every mundane experience and cannot be talked about. Nirvana is beyond
the senses, language and thought. This way of life conforms to Buddha's teaching that
wisdom consists in treading the Middle Way, avoiding the extreme of asceticism,
inactivity and indifference on the one hand and that of frantic activity and mindless
pursuit of pleasure on the other.

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EXERCISE

Complete the chart below. Make sure that you ask or consult your parents or
any adult who has witnessed your development and reflect before you write your
answer. Copy and fill out the chart in your notebook.

Age Things that I can do Things I cannot do

0-3

4-7

8-11

12-15

16-19

20-up

APPLICATION

Explain the following question in your notebook. Answer in paragraph form.

1. What is faith?
2. Who is God or Buddha in one’s Life?
3. Cite the three things necessary for the salvation of humanity.

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ANSWER KEY

PRE-TEST

1. C
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. D
7. D
8. B
9. C
10. D
11. A
12. D
13. C
14. D
15. C

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ACTIVITY

1. My favorite fruit bearing-tree is a “mango tree”. The native or the typical Filipino
(Bisaya) mango tree. I really love this tree because of its sour fruit and its big thick
trunk, broad and rounded canopy. I really love this tree as a whole since I was a kid.
My friends and I used to climb up and enjoy eating its fruit while on top of it. Because
of its wide and strong branches, it helps us make a swing and enjoy playing all
afternoon underneath the mango tree. We even play chase hide-and-seek.

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REFERENCES

● Christine Carmela R. Ramos, PhD. “Introduction to the Philosophy of the

Human Person” First edition.

● https://www.philosophersmag.com/essays/26-the-fact-opinion-distinction

● https://www.slideshare.net/ArnelLPU/lecture-23637231?from_action=save

● https://www.google.com/search?q=socrates&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjh1dj2l
pzqAhUIHKYKHWukC5wQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=socrates&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCA
AyAggAMgQIABAeMgQIABAeMgQIABAeMgQIABAeMgQIABAeOgQIABBDO
gUIABCxA1Db8jdY0_s3YPSAOGgAcAB4AIABiAKIAeEMkgEFMC40LjSYAQ
CgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=yC70XuHRC4i4mAXryK7gC
Q&bih=657&biw=1366#imgrc=WzckpT8kVBYVoM

● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendence_(philosophy)

● https://www.google.com/search?q=quarrying&sxsrf=ALeKk009eIbqgfgwn3YK
hC0Lf6w0oK1FCA:1593142915415&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ah
UKEwivzbLsx57qAhVoxYsBHUQEB0UQ_AUoAXoECAwQAw&biw=1366&bih
=657#imgrc=nBE9nzmqLJa1sM

● https://www.google.com/search?q=cutting+old+trees&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKE
wiC68btx57qAhUJ6ZQKHZHuDtwQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=cutting+old+trees&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECAAQEzIICAA
QCBAeEBMyCAgAEAgQHhATOgQIIxAnOgQIABBDOgUIABCxAzoCCAA6B
AgAEB46BggAEB4QEzoICAAQBRAeEBNQ2ewVWLqHFmDUiBZoAHAAeA
CAAfABiAGcFpIBBjAuMTMuM5gBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1n&sclient=i
mg&ei=hW71XsKUM4nS0wSR3bvgDQ&bih=657&biw=1366#imgrc=8JYkLQT
HCtPbrM

● https://www.google.com/search?q=factories&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjVvv2a
yZ7qAhUMfZQKHVvKBxkQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=facto&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgQIABBDMgIIADICCAA
yAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAOgQIIxAnOgUIABCxA1Dkw
ghYm8gIYPzWCGgAcAB4AIAB7gGIAbUHkgEFMC4zLjKYAQCgAQGqAQtnd
3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=8W_1XpWCIYz60QTblJ_IAQ&bih=657&biw
=1366#imgrc=qwh44iFxJwjUkM

● https://www.google.com/search?q=god+of+hinduism&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKE
wiEmNG-xqHqAhWvw4sBHYAeBwwQ2-

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 cCegQIABAA&oq=god+of+hinduism&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECCMQJzIICAA
QBxAeEBMyCAgAEAcQHhATMggIABAHEB4QEzIICAAQBxAeEBMyCAgAE
AcQHhATMggIABAHEB4QEzIICAAQBxAeEBMyCAgAEAcQHhATMggIABAH
EB4QEzoCCAA6BAgAEB46BggAEAcQHjoECAAQE1CYgQJYjLICYLfGAmg
DcAB4AIABzAKIAYERkgEHMC43LjMuMZgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1n
&sclient=img&ei=vv_2XoTBDa-
Hr7wPgL2cYA&bih=657&biw=1366#imgrc=Y1MRtRW86K-O9M

● https://www.google.com/search?q=urabnization&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjWr
ezfyZ7qAhXwzIsBHQkrACIQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=urabnization&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECCMQJzoFCAAQs
QM6AggAOgQIABBDOgQIABATUMypDlix2Q5gwdsOaABwAHgAgAHsAYgBj
hCSAQYwLjEwLjKYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=gXD1
XpbpOvCZr7wPidaAkAI&bih=657&biw=1366#imgrc=ZwhSg22MzBiVHM

● https://www.academia.edu/37052521/INTRODUCTION_TO_THE_PHILOSOP
HY_OF_THE_HUMAN_PERSON_Grade_11_or_12_INTRODUCTION_TO_T
HE_PHILOSOPHY_OF_THE_HUMAN_PERSON

● https://www.academia.edu/34558380/The_Human_Person_As_An_Embodied
_Spirit

● https://www.google.com/search?q=THE+HUMAN+PERSON+AS+AN+EMBO
DIED+SPIRIT+wallpaper&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwii4ci0sZTqAhVxxYsBHbb
yCXoQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=THE+HUMAN+PERSON+AS+AN+EMBODIED+SPIRIT+w
allpaper&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECAAQHlDUixZY-
6cWYNatFmgBcAB4AIAB7QGIAZgPkgEFMC44LjOYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd
2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=zxjwXuK9FvGKr7wPtuWn0Ac&bih=657&biw=136
6#imgrc=TxNVUe-BU9anFM

● https://www.google.com/search?q=THE+HUMAN+PERSON+IN+THEIR+ENV
IRONMENT+WALLPAPER&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjtka6GtpTqAhXHzIsBH
RAvD6UQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=THE+HUMAN+PERSON+IN+THEIR+ENVIRONMENT+W
ALLPAPER&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECAAQHlDEHVi6QmCuRGgEcAB4AYA
BtQKIAdwVkgEIMS4xMC4zLjGYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=i
mg&ei=rB3wXu2LJ8eZr7wPkN68qAo&bih=657&biw=1366#imgrc=5c53cdOvo
NjgyM

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Surigao del Norte

Peñaranda St., Surigao City
Surigao del Norte, Philippines 8400
Tel. No: (086) 826-8216
Email Address: [email protected]

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