Human Reproduction

1) In human beings, the eggs are:

(a) Skin lecithal (b) Macrolecithal (c) Mesolecithal (d) Alecithal
2) Some important events in the human female reproductive cycle are given below.Arrange the events
in a proper sequence. A-secretion of FSH, B-growth of corpus luteum, C-growth of the follicle and
oogenesis, D-ovulation, E-sudden increase in the levels of LH
(a) A D C E B (b) B A C D E (c) C A D B E (d) A C E D B
3) Identify the correctly matched pair/pairs of the germ layers and their derivatives.
A. ectoderm-epidermis B. endoderm-dermis
C. mesoderm-muscles D. mesoderm-notochord
E. endoderm-enamel of teeth
(a) A and D only (b) A and B only (c) A, C and D only (d) A, B, C and E only
4) Ist polar body is formed at which state of oogenesis?
(a) Ist meiosis (b) 2nd mitosis (c) Ist mitosis (d) differentiation
5) Foetal ejection reflex in human female is induced by
(a) differentiation of mammary glands (b) the pressure exerted by amniotic fluid
(c) the release of oxytocin from pituitary (d) fully developed foetus and placenta
6) Which one of the following is the correct matching of the events occurring during menstrual cycle?
(a) Menstruation: breakdown of myometrium and ovum not fertilized
(b) Ovulation:LH and FSH attain peak level and sharp fall the in secretion of progesterone.
(c) Proliferative phase: Rapid regeneration of myometrium and maturation of Graafian follicle
(d) Development of corpus luteum: Secretary phase and increased secretion of progesterone
7) Which one of the following is the most likely root cause why menstruation is not taking place in the
regularly cycling human female?
(a) retention of well-developed corpus luteum (b) fertilization of the ovum
(c) maintenance of the hypertrophical endometrial lining
(d) maintenance of high conc. of sex hormones in the blood stream
8) The correct sequence of spermatogenic stages leading to the formation of sperms in a mature
human testis is
(a) spermatogonia-spermatid-spermatocyte-sperms
(b) spermatocyte-spermatogonia-spermatid-sperms
(c) spermatogonia-spermatocyte-spermatid-sperms
(d) spermatid-spermatocyte-spermatogonia-sperms
9) A change in the amount of yolk and its distribution in the egg will affect
(a) Fertilization (b) Formation of zygote (c) Pattern of cleavage
(d) Number of blastomeres produced
10) Given is a diagrammatic sketch of a portion of human male reproductive system. Select the
correctset of names of the parts labelled A, B, C. D:

(a)
A B C D
ureter seminal vesicle prostate bulbourethral gland
(b)
A B C D
ureter prostate seminal vesiclebulbourethral gland
(c)
A B C D
vas deferens seminal vesicleprostate bulbo urethral gland
(d)
A B C D
vas deferens seminal vesiclebulbourethral gland prostate
11) Which among the following has 23 chromosomes?
(a) Spermatogonia (b) Zygote (c) Secondary oocyte (d) Oogonia
12) Match the following and choose the correct options:
Embedding of
A Trophoblast blastocyst
in the endometrium
Group of cells that
would
B Cleavage
differentiate as
embryo
Outer layer of
Inner cell blastocyst
C
mass attached to the
endometrium
Mitotic division of
DImplantation
zygote
(a) A-(II), B-(I), C-(III), D-(IV) (b) A-(III), B-(IV), C-(II), D-(I) (c) A-(III), B-(I), C-(II), D-(I)
(d) A-(II), B-(IV), C-(III), D-(I)
13) Which of the following hormones is not secreted by human placenta?
(a) hCG (b) Estrogens (c) Progesterone (d) LH
14) The vas deferens receives duct from the seminal vesicle and opens into ureter as:
(a) Epididymis (b) Ejaculatory duct (c) Efferent ductule (d) Ureter
15) Urethral meatus refers to the
(a) Urinogenital duct (b) the opening of vas deferens into urethra
(c) External opening of the urinogenital duct (d) Muscles surrounding the urinogenital duct
16) The number of chromosomes in a mature gamete gets halved during
(a) Formation of first polar body (b) Formation of second polar body (c) Meiosis II
(d) Division of secondary oocyte and spermatocyte
17) Morula is a developmental stage
(a) Between the zygote and blastocyst (b) Between the blastocyst and gastrula
(c) After the implantation (d) Between implantation and parturition
18) Frog's testes do not possess
(a) Interstitial cells (b) Seminiferous tubules (c) Sertoli cells (d) Seminal vesicles
19) The membranous cover of the ovum at ovulation is
(a) Corona radiata (b) Zona radiata (c) Zona pellucida (d) Chorion
20) Identify the odd one from the following:
(a) Labia minora (b) Fimbriae (c) Infundibulum (d) Isthmus
21) During embryonic development, the establishment of polarity along anterior/posterior,
dorsal/ventral or medial/lateral axis is called
(a) Organizer phenomena (b) Axis formation (c) Anamorphosis (d) Pattern formation
22) Vasa efferentia are the ductules leading from
(a) epididymis to urethra (b) testicular lobules to rete testis (c) rete testis to vas deferens
(d) vas deferens to epididymis
23) The main function of Trophectoderm in mammalian embryo is
(a) Protection of the developing cells (b) Drawing food for the developing cells
(c) Formation of future ectoderm (d) Formation of placenta
(e) Formation of the body of developing embryo
24) The first movements of the foetus and appearance of hair on its head are usually observed during
which month of pregnancy?
(a) Third month (b) Fourth month (c) Fifth month (d) Sixth month
25) Amniocentesis is a technique used to
(a) Determine errors in amino acid metabolism in embryo
(b) Pinpoint specific cardiac ailments in embryo
(c) Determine any hereditary/genetic abnormality in embryo (d) All of these
26) The part of fallopian tube closed to the ovary is
(a) ampulla (b) isthmus (c) infundibulum (d) cervix
27) The early stage human embryo distinctly possesses:
 (a) Gills (b) Gill slits (c) External ear (pinna) (d) Eyebrows
28) Which one of the following statements about human sperm is correct?
(a) Acrosome serves no particular function
(b) Acrosome has a conical pointed structure used for piercing and penetrating the egg resulting in
fertilization
(c) The sperm lysis in the acrosome dissolve the egg envelope facilitating fertilization
(d) Acrosome serves as a sensory structure leading the sperm towards the ovum
29) The signals for parturition originate from
(a) fully developed foetus only (b) Placenta only (c) Placenta as well as fully developed fetus
(d) oxytocin released from the maternal pituitary
30) Seminar plasma in human males is rich in
(a) ribose and potassium (b) fructose and calcium (c) glucose and calcium
(d) DNA and testosterone
31) Which one of the following statements with regards to embryonic development in humans is
correct?
(a) Cleavage divisions bring about considerable increase in the mass of protoplasm
(b) In the second cleavage division, one of the two blastomeres usually divides a little sooner than
the second
(c) With more cleavage divisions, the resultant blastomeres become larger and larger
(d) Cleavage division results in a hollow ball of cells called morula.
32) The second maturation division of the mammalian ovum occurs
(a) in the Graffian follicle following the first maturation division
(b) shortly after ovulation before the ovum makes entry into the fallopian tube
(c) until after the ovum has been penetrated by a sperm
(d) until the nucleus of the sperm has fused with that of the ovum
33) Layers of an ovum from outside to inside are
(a) corona radiata, zona pellicida and vitelline membrane
(b) Zona pellucida, corona radiata and vitelline membrane
(c) vitelline membrane, zona pellucida and crona radiata
(d) zona pellucida, vitelline membrane and corona radiata
34) The rule embryonic development was given by
(a) Von Baer (b) Haeckel (c) Wallace (d) Morgan
35) Which layer develops first during embryonic development?
(a) ectoderm (b) mesoderm (c) endoderm (d) both (b) and (c)
36) Sertoli cells are regulated by the pituitary hormone known as
(a) LH (b) FSH (c) GH (d) prolactin
37) In oogamy, fertilization involves
(a) A large non-motile female gamete and a small non-motile male gamete
(b) A large motile female gamete and a small non-motile male gamete
(c) A small non-motile female gamete and a large motile male gamete
(d) A large non-motile female gamete and a small motile male gamete
38) Which of the following statements about morula in humans is correct?
(a) It has more cytoplasm and more DNA than an uncleaved zygote
(b) It has almost equal quantity of cytoplasm as an uncleaved zygote but much more DNA
(c) It has far less cytoplasm as well as less DNA than in an uncleaved zygote.
(d) It has more or less equal quantity of cytoplasm and DNA as in uncleaved zygote.
39) Withdrawal of which of the following hormones is the immediate cause of menstruation?
(a) progesterone (b) estrogen (c) FSH (d) FSH-RH
40) Which one of the following statements is incorrect about menstruation?
(a) at menopause in the female, there is especially abrupt increase in gonadotropic hormones.
(b) the beginning of the cycle of menstruation is called menarche
(c) during normal menstruation about 40ml blood is lost (d) the menstrual fluid can easily clot
41) If mammalian ovum fails to get fertilized, which one of the following is unlikely?
 (a) Corpus luteum will degenerate (b) Progesterone secretion rapidly declines
(c) estrogen secretion further decrease (d) Primary follicle starts developing
42) Which of the following are secretions produced by the spermatozoa at the time of fertilization?
(a) Fertilizin and antifertilizin (b) antifertilizin and sperm lysin (c) fertilizin and sperm lysin
(d) only sperm lysin
43) Which extraembryonic membrane in humans prevents desiccation of the embryo inside the
uterus?
(a) yolk sac (b) amnion (c) chorion (d) allantois
44) Which of the following is 'immortal'?
(a) Somatic cells (b) Glomerular cells (c) Germ cells (d) Cells of pituitary
45) Sertoli cells are found in
(a) pancreas and secrete cholecystokinin (b) ovaries and secret progesterone
(c) adrenal cortex and secret adrenaline
(d) seminiferous tubules and provide nutrition to germ cells
46) Which of the following represents a condition where the motility of the of the sperms is highly
reduced?
(a) oligospermia (b) athenospermia (c) azoospermia (d) polyspermy
47) Gastrula has a pore which is known as
(a) zoospore (b) oospore (c) blastopore (d) gonophore
48) In humans, at the end of the first meiotic division, the male germ cells differentiate into the
(a) spermatids (b) spermatogonia (c) primary spermatocytes (d) secondary spermatocytes
49) Hormone responsible for the secretion of milk after parturition is
(a) ICSH (b) Prolactin (c) ACTH (d) LH
50) Spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa by
(a) spermiation (b) spermatogenesis (c) spermiogenesis (d) spermatosis
51) Which one of the following events is correctly matched with the time period in a normal menstrual
cycle?
(a) Release of egg: 5-10 days (b) Endometrium regenerates: 5-10 days
(c) Endometrium secretes nutrients for implantation: 11-18 days
(d) Rise in progesterone level: 1-15 days
52) The embryo at 16 celled stage is known as
(a) morula (b) gastrula (c) blastula (d) blastomere
53) What is present in the middle piece of sperm?
(a) acrosome (b) mitochondria (c) nucleus (d) proximal centriole
54) In humans, the oocyte is maintained in a state of meiotic arrest by secretion of
(a) granulosa cells (b) zona pellucida (c) cumulus oophorus (d) theca
55) In the human female, menstruation can be deferred by the administration of
(a) Combination of FSH and LH (b) Combination of estrogen and progesterone (c) FSH only
(d) LH only
56) Grey crescent is the area
(a) At the point of entry of sperm into ovum
(b) Just opposite to the site of entry of sperm into ovum (c) At the animal pole
(d) At the vegetal pole
57) The 32 cells stage of the human embryo is
(a) smaller than fertilized egg (b) same size as the fertilized egg
(c) two times of the size of the fertilized egg (d) four times of the size of the fertilized egg
58) Which accessory genital gland occurs only in mammalian male?
(a) prostate gland (b) perineal gland (c) cowper's gland (d) Bartholin gland
59) Positive feedback loop signals from fully developed fetus and placenta ultimately lead to
parturition which requires the release of
(a) estrogen from the placenta (b) relaxing from placenta (c) oxytocin from fetal pituitary
(d) oxytocin from maternal pituitary
60) The extra structure that provides nutrition to the embryo is
 (a) Umbilicus (b) Amnion (c) Chorion (d) Placenta
61) In the reproductive systems, sperms are concentrated in the
(a) rete testis (b) epididymis (c) vas deferens (d) seminal vesicle
62) The secretions of one of the following are rich in fructose, calcium and some enzymes.
(a) Uterus (b) Liver (c) Male accessory glands (d) Salivary glands
63) In females, the hormone inhibin is secreted by
(a) granulosa and theca cells (b) granulosa cells and corpus luteum
(c) granulosa and cumulus oophorous cells (d) granulosa cells and zona pellucida
64) In human female the blastocyst
(a) forms placenta even before implantation (b) gets implanted into uterus 3 days after ovulation
(c) gets nutrition from uterine endometrial secretion only after implantation
(d) gets implanted in endometrium by the trophoblast cells
65) Which of the following are correctly labelled?

(a) A-oviduct, B-uterus, C-outduct, D-ovary (b) A-cervix, B-uterus, C-ovary, D-tumor
(c) A-uterus, B-uterine cavity, C-oviducal funnel, D-ovary
(d) A-cervix, B-uterine cavity,C-fallopian tube, D-ovary
66) In the absence of acrosome, the sperm
(a) Cannot get food (b) cannot swin (c) cannot penetrate the egg (d) cannot get energy
67) The chemical substances released by activated spermatozoa that act on the ground substances of
the follicle cells are known as
(a) progesterone (b) hyaluronidase (c) relaxin (d) gonadotropin (e) teratogen
68) If for some reason, the vasa efferentia in the human reproductive system get blocked, the gametes
will not be transported from
(a) tests to the epididymis (b) epididymis to the vas deferens (c) Ovary to uterus
(d) vagina to uterus
69) About which day in a normal human menstrual cycle does rapid secretion of LH (popularly called
LH surge) normally occurs?
(a) 14th day (b) 20th day (c) 5th day (d) 11th day
70) The Leydig cells found in the human body are the secretory source of
(a) Progesterone (b) intestinal mucus (c) glucagon (d) androgens
71) Match list I with List II and choose the correct answer
List I List II
A. Hypothalamus 1. Sprem lysins
B. Acrosome 2. Estrogen
C. Graafian follicle 3. Relaxin
D. Leydig cells 4. Gn RH
E. Parturition 5.Testosterone
(a) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3, E-5 (b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3, E-5 (c) A-2, B-1, C-5, D-4, E-3
(d) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-5, E-3 (e) A-5, B-1, C-3, D-2, E-4
72) The tests in humans are situated outside the abdominal cavity inside a pouch called scrotum.The
purpose served is for
(a) Maintaining the scrotal temperature lower than the internal body temperature
(b) escaping any possible compression by the visceral organs
(c) providing more space for the growth of epididymis
(d) providing a secondary sexual feature for exhibiting the male sex
73) Vitellogenesis occurs during the formation of
(a) ootid in the fallopian tube (b) secondary oocyte in the fallopian tube
(c) primary oocyte in the Graafian follicle (d) oogonial cell in the Graafian follicle
74) The given figure depicts a diagrammatic sectional view of the human female reproductive
system.Which set of three parts out of I-IVI have been correctly identified?
 (a) ii) endometrium, iii)infundibulum, iv)fimbrae (b) iii) infundibulum iv) fimbriae, v) cervix
(c) iv) oviducal funnel, v) uterus, vi)cerix (d) i) perimetrium, ii)myometrium, iii)fallopian tube
75) What happens during fertilization in humans after many sperms reach close to the ovum?
(a) secretions of acrosome help one sperm enter the cytoplasm of ovum through zona pellucida
(b) cells of corona radiate trap all the sperms except one
(c) only two sperms nearest the ovum penetrate the zona pellucida
76) Signals for parturition originate from:
(a) Both placenta as well as fully developed fetus (b) Oxytocin released from maternal pituitary
(c) Placenta Only (d) Fully developed fetus only
77) Ina normal pregnant woman, the amount of total gonadotropin activity was assessed. the result
expected was
(a) High level of circulating FSH and LH in the uterus to stimulate implantation of the embryo
(b) High level of circulating HCG to stimulate endometrial thickening
(c) High level of FSH and LH in uterus to stimulate endometrial thickening
(d) high level of circulating Hcg to stimulate estrogen and progesterone synthesis
78) The secretary phase in the human menstrual cycle is also called
(a) Luteal phase and lasts for about 6 days (b) follicular phase and lasts for about 6 days
(c) Luteal phase and lasts for about 13 days (d) Follicular phase and lasts for about 13 days
79) Which one of the following statements is false in respect of viability of mammalian sperm?
(a) Sperm is visible for only up to 24 hours
(b) Survival of sperm depends on the pH of the medium and is more active in alkaline medium
(c) Viability of sperm is determined by its motility
(d) Sperms must be concentrated in a thick suspension.
80) Identify the human development stage shown as well as the related right place of its occurrence in
a normal pregnant woman, and select the right option for the two together.

(a)
Development stage Site of occurrence
(a) Late morula - middle part of Fallopian tube
(b)
Development stage Site of occurrence
(b) Blastula - end part of Fallopian tube
d)(c)
Development stage Site of occurrence
(c) Blastocyst - uterine wall
Development stage Site of occurrence
(d) 8-celled morula - starting point of Fallopian tube
81) Select the correct sequence of stages of spermatogenesis in a human male.
(a) Spermatogonium 𝖾 Spermatids 𝖾 Spermatocytes 𝖾 Spermatozoa
(b) Spermatogonium 𝖾 Spermatocytes 𝖾 Spermatids 𝖾 Spermatozoa
(c) Spermatids 𝖾 Spermatogonium 𝖾 Spermatocytes 𝖾 Spermatozoa
(d) Spermatocgtes 𝖾 Spermatogonium 𝖾 Spermatids 𝖾 Spermatozoa
82) Vas deferens receives the duct of seminal vesicle and forms the
(a) epididymis (b) urethra (c) ejaculatory duct (d) urethral meatus
83) Proliferative phase of menstrual cycle, is also called
(a) follicular phase (b) luteal phase (c) secretory phase (d) ovulatory phase
84) Ovulation occurs under the influence of
(a) follicle-stimulating hormone (b) luteinising hormone (c) progesterone (d) estrogen
85) The cell division in secondary oocyte is suspended at
 (a) Anaphase II (b) Metaphase II (c) Prophase II (d) Telophase II
86) After the release of the secondary oocyte, the Graafian follicle develops into
(a) corpus callosum (b) corpus albicans (c) corpus luteum (d) primary follicle
87) The outermost layer of a blastocyst is called
(a) ectoderm (b) mesoderm (c) endoderm (d) trophoblast
88) Spermiation is the process of the release of sperms from
(a) seminiferous tubules (b) vas deferens (c) epididymis (d) prostate gland
89) Which ofthe following hormones prepares the uterus for implantation?
(a) Progesterone (b) FSH (c) Estrogen (d) LH
90) The cell which undergoes meiosis I during spermatogenes, is the
(a) spermatogonium (b) spermatid (c) primary spermatocyte (d) secondary spermatocyte
91) Seminal plasma, the fluid part of semen is formed by
(a) seminal vesicle and bulbourethral gland. (b) bulbourethral gland and prostate.
(c) prostate and seminal vesicle. (d) seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral gland.
92) Match Column I with Column II.
Column I Column II
1. Outer layer
of the
blastocyst
that attaches
A. Cleavage to
the
endometrium
during
implantation.
2. Mitotic
divisions of
B. the
Implantation zygote in
quick
succession
3. Embedding
of the
blastocyst
C. Inner cell
in the
mass
endometrium
of
uterus.
4. Release of
secondary
D.
oocyte
Trophoblast
from the
ovary
5. Group of
cells attached
to
one end of
trophoblast
that
differentiate
into embryo
proper.
(a) A - 2, B-3, C - 5, D - 1 (b) A - 3, B-2, C - 5, D - 1 (c) A - 2, B-3, C - 1, D -5
(d) A - 2, B-1, C - 5, D - 3
93) Match Column I with Column II.
Column I Column II
A. 1. Motility of sperm towards the
Acrosome egg.
2. Powerhouse of the sperm;
B. Head contains a number of
mitochondria.
C. Tail 3. Contains the.genetic material.
 D. Middle 4. Contains enzymes to
piece dissolve egg envelopes.

(a) A - 4, B-3, C - 1, D - 2 (b) A - 2, B-3, C - 1, D - 4 (c) A - 4, B-1, C - 3, D - 2

(d) A - 2, B-3, C - 4, D - 1
94) Humans are (oviparous/viviparous/ovoviviparous)
95) Fertilisation is in humans(external/internal)
96) Male and female gametes are .(diploid/haploid)
97) Zygote is .(diploid/haploid).
98) The process of release of ovum from mature follicle is called .
99) Ovulation is induced by hormone called .
100) The fusion of male and female gametes is called .
101) Fertilization takes place in .
102) Zygote divides to form which is implanted in uterus.
103) The structure which provides vascular connection between foetus and uterus is called .
104) How does the sperm penetrate through the zona pellucida in human ovum?
105) Name the calls that nourish the germ cells in the testes. Where are these cells located in
thetestes?
106) When do oogenesis and spermatogenesis initiate in human female and male, respectively?
107) How is the entry of only one sperm and not many, ensured into an ovum during fertilisation
inhumans?
108) Mention the function of trophoblast in human embryo.
109) Name the embryonic stage that gets implanted in the uterine wall of human female.
110) List the changes the primary oocyte undergoes in the teritiary follicular stage in the human
ovary.
111) Difine spermiogenesis.Where does it occur?
112) Hoe many eggs do you think were released by the ovary of a female dog, which gave birth to
sixpupies?
113) Which type of cell division forms spermatids from the secondary spermatocytes?
114) During reproduction,the chromosome number (2n) reduces to half (n) in the gametes and again
the original number (2n) is restored in the offspring. What are the process through which these
events take place?
115) What is the difference between a primary oocyte and a secondary oocyte ?
116) Mention the importance of LH surde during menstrual cucle.
117) What is the significance of ampullaryisthmic junction in the female reproductive tract?
118) Where are human testes located?
119) What is urethral meatus?
120) Name the ducts received by urethra in a human male.
121) Name the glands associated with human male reproductive system.
122) What is the function of the secretion of bulbourethral glands apart from nourishing
thespermatozoa?
123) What name is given to the male external genitalia?
124) What is mons pubis?
125) Name the conical structure formed anteriorly by the fusion of labia minora.
126) Mention the number of chromosomes in a secondary spermatocyte.
127) Where are the sperm heads found embedded to survive after spermatogenesis?
128) Why is the middle piece of human sperm considered as 'powerhouse of the sperm'?
129) Name the cavity present in a mature Graafian follicle.
130) At what stage is meiosis I suspended in a primary oocyte?
131) Name the cells formed after meiosis I of the primary oocyte.
132) Name the process of rupture of Graafian follicle and the subsequent release of egg from the
ovary.
133) How many ova will be produced by one full-grown primary oocyte?
134) How many chromosomes are present in a human ovum?
135) Name the membranous covering of ovum (secondary oocyte) at ovulation .
136) In which organ is corpus luteum formed?
137) Why does corpus lutium secrete large quantity of progesterone during luteral phase of the
menstrual cycle?
138) What is insemination?
139) Not all copulations lead to pregnancy.Give reason.
140) Which particular part of human sperm secretes enzymes to facilitate its penetration into the
ovum?
141) When is meiosis II completed in the oogenesis of human female?
142) What is cleavage?
143) What are blastomeres?
144) Name the part of blastocyst that forms the embryo proper.
145) What name is given to the cells of inner cell mass, that have the potential to give rise to all
tissuesand organs in a human being?
146) What are chorionic villi?
147) Name the hormone secreted by the ovary only during pregnancy.
148) What is meant by gestation period?
149) Define foetal ejection reflex.
150) Name the hormone responsible for the vigorous contractions of the uterine muscles.
151) Sometimes,the doctor injects some medicine into the body of a pregnant woman to induce
uterine contractions and parturition.What do you think,the doctor injects?
152) Define Lactation .
153) The path of sperm transport is given below. Provide the missing steps in the blank boxes.

154) From where the parturition signals arise-mother or foetus? Mention the main hormone involved
in parturition.
155) Give the names and functions of the hormones involved in the process of spermatogenesis.
Writethe names of the endocrine glands from where they are released.
156) Write the technical term for the following:
(i) Funnel lying close to the ovary.
(ii) The period of endometrial repair and regeneration.
(iii) Copulation chamber in the human female.
157) Supply the scientific term for the following:
(i) Release of ovum from ovary.
(ii) Onset of menstrual cycle in female.
(iii) The structures that pick up ova from body cavity.
158) Suppose the acrosome of mammalian spermatozoa does not function normally.How would it
affect the fertilisation?Give reason.
159) Write the function of Bartholin glands.
160) What is hymen?
161) What is the location of Cowper's glands in the body?
162) What is the location cervix?
163) Which hormone is supposed to promote motility to spermatozoa?
164) Define semen.
165) How much semen is discharged per ejaculation in man?
166) What is the location of Sertoli cells?
167) What is the function of Sertoli cells?
168) What will happen if the fallopian tubes are partially blocked and the ovulated eggs are prevented
from reaching the uterus?
169) Name the cells which produce testosterone. What is the function of this hormone?
170) How does ovum which is released in the body cavity enter the fallopian tube?
171) Define umbilical cord.
172) In how many weeks development of foetus is completed?
173) What is after birth?
174) What is rete-testis?
175) How does the inguinal hernia develop?
176) What is the size and shape of human ovary?
177) What is antrum?
178) Which particular part of mammalian sperm secretes enzymes to facilitate penetration of sperm?
179) What is the purpose of implantation of the foetus?
180) What is the name of the process of synthesis of yolk by oocyte?
181) How many sperms will be produced from 100 primary spermatocytes?
182) Why cannot more than one sperm cell fertilise one evum?
183) At what stage of life is oogenesis initiated in human female? when does the oocyte complete
oogenesis?
184) What is teratogen?
185) When do morphogenetic cell movements takes place?
186) Define spermiogenesis. Where does it occur?
187) How does colostrum provide initial protection against diseases to new born infants? Give one
reason.
188) Give any two striking similarities in the sequence of embryonic development of all vertebrates.
189) What are the fundamental methods of reproduction?
190) What is mesovarium?
191) What are the male and female gametes called?
192) Give the function of scrotum?
193) What does the head of a sperm consist of?
194) Name the part of the female genital tract where foetus develops.
195) Name the membrane that covers the vaginal opening in the virgin.
196) By which structures are the testes suspended in the scrotum?
197) Where are the sperms stored in the male?
198) How many sperms are present in a single ejaculation?
199) Give the term used for the age at which the reproductive organs become functional?
200) What is the special structural feature of the epithelial cells that line the fallopian tube?
201) Name some extra embryonic membranes.
202) Give the term used for the period between fertilisation and birth of young one.
203) Which event marks the animal pole of the human ovum?
204) What type of twins would result if the two blastomeres formed by first cleavage separate?
205) How are fraternal twins formed?
206) Which are more common, identical or non identical twins?
207) From which germ layer are nervous system and receptors formed.
208) Which germ layers produce (a) Kidneys and (b) urinary bladder?
209) Which germ layer gives rise to liver, pancreas, thyroid and thymus?
210) Name the germ layer that produces skeleton and muscles.
211) Which foetal membrane takes part in the formation of placenta in man?
212) Are maternal and foetal blood in direct contact in the placenta?
213) At what stage is the mammalian embryo implanted in the uterus?
214) What is "afterbirth".
215) What is the other name for trophoblast cells lying over the embryonic disc.
216) What is colostrum?
217) When does a woman attain puberty?
218) Are male and female gametes haploid or diploid?
219) Somatic chromosome number is 40. What shall be the chromosome number in the cells of
seminiferous tubules?
220) Name the stages when oogenesis and spermatogenesis initiate in human female and male,
respectively?
221) Luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is also called the secretory phase. Give reason.
222) Given the name of the hormone which is secreted by corpus luteum.
223) Give the name of structures by which testes are suspended in the scrotum.
224) The path of sperm transport is given below. Provide the missing steps in blanks boxes.

225) State the function of fimbriae.

226) What is the role of cervix in the human female reproductive system?
227) Arrange the following parts of mammary gland in correct order in which milk secreted from the
 cells of alveoli of lobes reaches the nipple. Lactiferous duct, mammary duct, mammuary tubles,
mammary ampulla.
228) How is the entry of only one sperm ensured into an ovum during fertilisation in human?
229) State the function of trophoblast in human embryo.
230) What stimulates pituitary to release the hormone responsible for parturition? Give the name of
hormone.
231) Female reproductive organs and associated functions are given below in column I and column II.
Fill in the blank.
Column I Column II
Ovaries Ovulation
Oviduct A
B Pregnancy
Vagina Birth

232) The diagram shows the female reproductive system. Where do fertilisation and implantation
occur?

233) Cervix contains the largest and the strongest sphincter in its wall. Give reason.
234) Name the pouch in which the human tests are present.
235) List different parts of human oviduct through which the ovum travels till it meets the sperm for
fertilization.
236) Name the cells that nourish the germ cells in the tests. Where are these located in the tests?
237) Where is acrosome present in humans? Write its functions.
238) Write the location and function of Leydig cells in humans.
239) Write the function of Seminal vesicle.
240) Write the location and function of the Sertoli cells in humans.
241) Give reasons for the following:
The human testes are located outside the abdominal cavity.
242) Write the specific location and the functions of the primary spermatocyte in human male.
243) Mention the function of mitochondria in sperm.
244) What is the number of chromosomes in the following cells of human female?
(i) Primary oocyte
(ii) otid
(iii) Secondary oocyte
(iv) Folliclecells
245) Name the type of cells present among the interstitial spaces of seminiferous tubules. Give one
function of these cells
246) Name two animals that exhibit oestrus cycle.
247) Mention the difference between spermiogenesis and spermiation.
248) Write the function of each of the following:
(a) Luteinizing hormone in human males
(b) Middle piece of human sperm
249) Why is follicular phase also called proliferative phase?
250) The basal parts of endometrium remain intact during menstruation. Give reason.
251) What is inguinal canal?
252) (a) Why is mother's milk considered very essential for the healthy growth of infants?
(b) What is the milk called that is produced in the initial days of lactation?
253) Where does fertilization occur in humans ? Explain the events that occur during this process.
254) Write the physiological reason, why a woman generally can not conceive a child after 50 years of
age?
255) State the difference between meiocyte and gamete with respect to chromosome number.
256) Explain the function of myometrium and endometrium in human females.
257) Explain the function of umbilical cord.
258) During fertilization hundreds of sperms are in the vicinity of an egg cell; but only one sperm
enters the ovum. How is this achieved.
259) Arrange the following terms in their proper sequence. Parturition, gestation, implantation,
fertilization, gametogenesis, insemination.
260) The act of procreation in mammals and humans involve some basic steps. Mention them in a
sequence?
261) Testis / Ovary are called as primary reproductive organs while all the associated ducts and
glands come under secondary organs. Give justification for it?
262) Testis like ovary develop within the pelvic cavity, but in the later part of the development testis
descend out of the abdominal cavity . What could be the reason for it?
263) The generating tissue must be accompanied by nursing tissue also. Elaborate this statement
with respect to human testis?
264) Spermatogenesis is a continuous process but its release is not. How reproductive system does
manage this situation?
265) Based on the above question, explain that under what physiological conditions are the sperms
managed and what changes are brought before their release?
266) Penis is considered to be a secondary sex organ; still its tube is called as urino-genital canal.
Give reason for this consideration?
267) Penis consists of soft tissue and this condition is of no use for insemination. How is this problem
overcome during the reproductive physiology?
268) The spermatozoas need to be activated for bringing out the act of fertilization. What role does
accessory sex glands play in this process?
269) Ovaries are made of soft tissue and are not fixed in any bony socket but are placed in abdominal
cavity. So there is a possibility that they may get displaced. But this generally does not happen. How
is this attained?
270) There is no direct connection between ovary and fallopian tube, so there is possibility that the
ovum may be released within the abdominal cavity, but it does not happen. How does a fallopian
tube prevent this situation?
271) Vagina has dual role in the female reproductive system, both being very crucial in their aspect. If
any one of them fails then the very purpose of the system fails. Explain the statement with proper
justification?
272) Uterus has three layers with each performing its specific function. What is the role of middle and
inner layers and which hormones influence their functioning?
273) “Presence of hymen is the indication of virginity, while its absence means the reverse." Discuss
the authensity of the statement in the light of modern understanding of the reproductive physiology?
274) Once the breast is emptied of the milk, the milk is being produced continuously but it is not
being released simultaneously. Secondly the rate of sucking of milk is more than the rate of its
production. What does this tells you about the availability of the stocks of milk?
275) Starting with gameto-gonia ( spermato-gonia and oo-gonia) and ending into sperma-tid and oo-
tid, represent the formation of haploid sex cells. Then what is the specific need of morphogenesis and
that also in only one of them. Elaborate the statement with proper justification?
276) Seminiferous tubules are the factories for the generation of spermatozoas, but they can’t work on
their own. What stimulus do they get? Is the stimulus generated within the tubule or some where
else?
277) Spermatogenesis and spermatogenesis are two different processes but both are essential for male
reproductive system. How do they differ from each other?
278) A sperm after being released in the vagina must reach the end of the fallopian tube to participate
in the act of fertilization. What machinery comes into play for the said purpose?
279) Do LH and FSH have the same function in the male and female reproductive physiology? Justify
your answer.
280) For completing the act of fertilization the sperm must fuse with the ovum, but the latter is
surrounded by lot of extra follicular cells. How the sperm does manage to fuse with the ovum?
281) Fertilization requires one male and one female gamete, but there are approximately 200 million
sperms in a single ejaculation. How then the female reproductive system and the ovum ensure
monospermy?
282) The days of the menstrual cycle start with the onset of menses rather than with the end of
menses. Give your justification for such a calculation?
283) “Nothing goes waste in the living system. Prove this statement with the help of the different
stages of the Graffian follicle in the ovary?
284) Spermatogenesis when started gets completed in a single sequence, but oogenesis stops at
secondary oocyte stage. The process starts again with fertilization. Why it stops first and then what
happens during fertilization act that the oocyte regains its activity?
285) The size of single celled haploid ovum is same to the single celled but diploid zygote and its size
is same to the multicellular morula till it is the fallopian tube. Give the reason behind this
observation?
286) Placenta is an intimate connection between maternal and foetal tissues. It is a dual organ.
Justify?
287) Placenta is not just a connection and umbilical cord is not just a tube. They remain active
throughout the gestation period. Is the above statement true? Justify.
288) “After birth” is not the name of any proceeding to be executed after the birth of a baby, it is some
thing else. Elaborate on the authenticity of the statement?
289) The dimensions of the fully formed foetus are more than that of the birth canal. How the baby
does makes its way out and what role does uterus plays in it?
290) The milk produced by the mother for the first few days is important for the baby not only
energetically but also for some other reason. Elaborate on this statement?
291) Name the glandular layer of human uterus.
292) Which layer of uterus undergoes cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle?
293) Spermatids possess haploid chromosome number. Explain
294) Name the process of release of spermatozoa from Sertoli cells into cavity of seminiferous tubule.
295) Name the hormones which maintain accessory ducts in males.
296) State the stage at which oogonia reach their maximum number.
297) List the changes the primary oocyte undergoes in the tertiary follicular stage in human embryo.
298) When are polar bodies formed in female ovary?
299) Menstrual cycle ceases during pregnancy. Is it true/false? Explain.
300) When does ovulation occur?
301) What do you call the layer of cells forming the outer wall of the blastocyst?
302) Name the thin clear coat surrounding mammalian egg.
303) What is the name of network formed by the fusion of open ends of seminiferous tubules? Where
does this network lead to?
304) Are there any homologous organs in male and female reproductive system? If yes, give examples.
305) Observe the relationship between first two words and suggest suitable word for the fourth one
(i) Ovary: Mesovarium: : Uterus: A
(ii) Male: Penis: : Female : B
(iii) Male gametes: Sperms: : Female gametes: C
306) Name the muscular layer of human uterus.
307) State the functions of acrosome.
308) Sperms have a tail whereas egg does not, why?
309) What is the function of umbilical cord?
310) Name the important mammary gland secretion that provides resistance to a newborn.
311) Identify the odd one out in each of the following sets:
(a) Rete testis, vas deferens, isthmus, epididymis.
(b) Seminal vesicles, ampulla, prostate, bulbourethral glands.
312) Name the hormone that maintains the functions of male accessory ducts and glands.
313) In which phase of menstrual cycle is corpus luteum formed?
314) Name any two hormones found in the blood of a pregnant female only.
315) What are stem cells in a human embryo?
316) How is a primary spermatocyte different from a secondary spermatocyte?
317) How many primary follicles are left in each ovary in a human female at puberty?
318) How is the first sign of growing foetus noticed?
319) State where the signals for parturition arise from, in humans.
320) Define Lactation.

321) Fimbriae, Labia minora, Infundibulum, Isthmus.

322) Rete testis, Vasa efferentia, Epididymis, Ampulla
323) Bulbourethral gland, Prostate, Seminal vesicle, Seminiferous tubule.
324) Oogonia, Spermatogonia, Zygote, Ootid
325) Luteinizing hormone, Progesterone, Chorionic gonadotropin, Estrogen

326) Assertion: In human male, testis are extra abdominal and lie in scrotal sacs.
 Reason : Scrotum acts as thermoregulator and keeps testicular temperature lower by 2°C for normal
spermatogenesis.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.
327) Assertion: At puberty human male develops secondary sexual characters.
Reason: At puberty there is decreased secretion of testosterone in male.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false
328) Assertion: Cilia lining the fallopian tube helps to pick up and push the released ovum into the
oviduct.
Reason: Cilia of fallopian tubes beat towards uterus.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.
329) Assertion: Clitoris offemale is homologous to tip of penis.
Reason: Both have same origin and richly supplied with nerves and blood vessels.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.
330) Assertion: Corpus luteum secretes the female hormone progesterone.
Reason: After ovulation, a ruptured follicle turns into yellowish solid mass of cells called corpus
albicans.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false
331) Assertion: Epididymis is divided into three parts.
Reason: Epididymis is the organ that stores spermatozoa.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false
332) Assertion: One cogonium produces one ovum and three polar bodies.
Reason: Polar bodies have small amount of cytoplasm.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false
333) Assertion: In morula stage, the cells divide without any increase in size.
Reason: Zona pellucida remains undivided till cleavage is complete.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.
334) Assertion: The second meiotic division of the developing ovarian follicles is completed just after
conception.
Reason: Conception is the onset of pregnancy when the implantation of blastocyst take place
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.
335) Assertion : At the time of implantation, which takes place in 14days, the human embryo is
called blastocyst.
Reason: Implantation occurs in the gastrula stage.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.
336) Assertion: If several spermatozoa hit the egg at the same time, all can enter the egg.
Reason: The above process is called amphimixis which can be prevented by fertilisation membrane.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.
337) Assertion: Corpus luteum contains blood clot and fibrin.
Reason: Corpus luteum is formed by the germinal epithelium
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.
338) Assertion: Placenta acts as a major endocrine organ.
Reason: In mammals fetal components of the placenta derive initially from the chondroblast.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.
339) Assertion: In mammals the female secondary sexual characters are developed by gonadotropins.
Reason: Gonadotropins are secreted by Graafian follicle.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.
340) Assertion: Head of sperm consists of acrosome and mitochondria.
Reason: Acrosome contains spiral row of mitochondria.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.
341) Assertion: Ovulation is the release of egg.
Reason: Ovulation takes on 14 days after fertilisation.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true butreason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.